Cultural theories trace performance art back to early 20th century Russian Constructivist, Futurist, and Dada movements. Yves Klein created conceptual pieces in the 1950s that were precursors to performance art. One of the earliest documented Happenings was Allan Kaprow's in 1961, while other pioneers included Jim Dine, Claes Oldenburg, Robert Whitman, and Wolf Vostell. In the 1960s, Barbara T. Smith and artists like Carolee Schneemann and Joan Jonas led feminist body art. The 1970s saw performance art presented in a more radical form, exemplified by the controversial works of Chris Burden and Vito Acconci.