GBSS15.0 Basic Feature Description.pdf

GBSS15.0
Basic Feature Description
Issue 04
Date 2013-11-05
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Issue 04 (2013-11-05)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
i
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GBSS15.0
Basic Feature Description Contents
Issue 04 (2013-11-05) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential
ii
Contents
1 Basic Features.................................................................................................................................1
1.1 System Improvement ....................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 GBFD-110000 GBSS9.0 System Improvement.........................................................................................................1
1.1.2 GBFD-110001 GBSS12.0 System Improvement.......................................................................................................2
1.1.3 GBFD-110030 3GPP Protocol Compliance...............................................................................................................4
1.2 Radio Service Function...............................................................................................................................................10
1.2.1 GBFD-110101 Frequency Band ..............................................................................................................................10
1.2.2 GBFD-114401 Multi-band Sharing One BSC .........................................................................................................12
1.2.3 GBFD-114901 Support for E-GSM and R-GSM Frequency Band..........................................................................13
1.2.4 GBFD-110201 Telephone Service (TS11)...............................................................................................................15
1.2.5 GBFD-110202 Emergency Call Service (TS12)......................................................................................................16
1.2.6 GBFD-110203 Point To Point Short Message Service (TS21, TS22)......................................................................17
1.2.7 GBFD-110204 G3 Fax (TS61, TS62)......................................................................................................................18
1.2.8 GBFD-110205 Bearer Service (CSD)......................................................................................................................20
1.2.9 GBFD-114101 GPRS...............................................................................................................................................21
1.3 Mobility Management ................................................................................................................................................23
1.3.1 GBFD-110301 Location Updating...........................................................................................................................23
1.3.2 GBFD-110302 IMSI Detach....................................................................................................................................25
1.3.3 GBFD-110303 CS Paging........................................................................................................................................26
1.3.4 GBFD-110304 Authentication .................................................................................................................................29
1.3.5 GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover......................................................................................................................30
1.3.6 GBFD-110607 Direct Retry.....................................................................................................................................33
1.3.7 GBFD-110608 SDCCH Handover...........................................................................................................................35
1.3.8 GBFD-110401 Basic Cell Selection ........................................................................................................................36
1.3.9 GBFD-110402 Basic Cell Re-selection ...................................................................................................................38
1.4 Connection Management ............................................................................................................................................39
1.4.1 GBFD-110501 Call Control.....................................................................................................................................39
1.4.2 GBFD-110502 Assignment and Immediate Assignment .........................................................................................40
1.4.3 GBFD-110503 Call Reestablishment.......................................................................................................................43
1.4.4 GBFD-112501 TCH Re-assignment........................................................................................................................44

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1.4.5 GBFD-119202 Packet Assignment Taken Over by the BTS....................................................................................45
1.5 Radio Resource Management .....................................................................................................................................47
1.5.1 GBFD-111001 TRX Management ...........................................................................................................................47
1.5.2 GBFD-111002 Radio Link Management.................................................................................................................48
1.5.3 GBFD-111003 Radio Common Channel Management ...........................................................................................50
1.5.4 GBFD-111004 Radio Dedicated Channel Management ..........................................................................................52
1.5.5 GBFD-111005 Enhanced Channel Assignment Algorithm......................................................................................54
1.6 Operation and Maintenance........................................................................................................................................56
1.6.1 MRFD-210301 Configuration Management............................................................................................................56
1.6.2 MRFD-210302 Performance Management..............................................................................................................58
1.6.3 MRFD-210303 Inventory Management ..................................................................................................................61
1.6.4 MRFD-210304 Faulty Management........................................................................................................................64
1.6.5 MRFD-210305 Security Management.....................................................................................................................68
1.6.6 MRFD-210309 DBS Topology Maintenance ..........................................................................................................69
1.6.7 MRFD-210310 BTS/NodeB Software USB Download ..........................................................................................71
1.6.8 GBFD-111202 O&M of BTS...................................................................................................................................73
1.6.9 GBFD-111203 O&M of BSC ..................................................................................................................................75
1.6.10 GBFD-111207 BTS Test Function.........................................................................................................................78
1.6.11 GBFD-111210 Integrated Network Management Interface ...................................................................................80
1.6.12 GBFD-116501 Man Machine Language (MML)...................................................................................................81
1.6.13 GBFD-116402 Maintenance Mode Alarm.............................................................................................................83
1.6.14 GBFD-113523 NAT Beside OM............................................................................................................................84
1.7 Software Management ................................................................................................................................................85
1.7.1 MRFD-210401 BSC/RNC Software Management..................................................................................................85
1.7.2 MRFD-210402 BTS/NodeB Software Management ...............................................................................................87
1.7.3 GBFD-111213 Remote Upgrade of the BSC&BTS Software .................................................................................89
1.7.4 MRFD-210403 License Management......................................................................................................................90
1.8 GBSS Network Architecture.......................................................................................................................................92
1.8.1 GBFD-114601 Multi-Cell Function.........................................................................................................................92
1.8.2 GBFD-111501 BTS Combined Cabinet ..................................................................................................................93
1.8.3 GBFD-111502 BTS Hybrid Cabinet Group.............................................................................................................94
1.8.4 GBFD-118801 BSC Cabinet/Subrack Sharing ........................................................................................................96
1.8.5 MRFD-210204 Star Topology .................................................................................................................................97
1.8.6 MRFD-210205 Chain Topology ..............................................................................................................................98
1.8.7 MRFD-210206 Tree Topology.................................................................................................................................99
1.8.8 GBFD-118621 Connection Inter BSC over IP.......................................................................................................101
1.9 System Reliability.....................................................................................................................................................102
1.9.1 GBFD-111701 Board Switchover..........................................................................................................................102
1.9.2 GBFD-111705 GSM Flow Control........................................................................................................................103
1.9.3 GBFD-112301 Remote EAC Maintenance............................................................................................................105
1.9.4 GBFD-111214 Operation & Maintenance System One-Key Recovery.................................................................106
1.9.5 GBFD-111211 Reporting the Temperature List of the BTS Equipment Room .....................................................107

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1.9.6 MRFD-210101 System Redundancy .....................................................................................................................109
1.9.7 MRFD-210102 Operate System Security Management ........................................................................................ 110
1.9.8 MRFD-210103 Link Aggregation.......................................................................................................................... 112
1.9.9 MRFD-210104 BSC/RNC Resource Sharing........................................................................................................ 113
1.9.10 GBFD-117804 Intelligent Shutdown of TRX Due to PSU Failure...................................................................... 115
1.9.11 GBFD-511003 Call-Based Flow Control............................................................................................................. 116
1.9.12 GBFD-113801 TRX Cooperation........................................................................................................................ 117
1.10 Basic features.......................................................................................................................................................... 119
1.10.1 GBFD-110901 Adjustment of Adaptive Timing Advance ................................................................................... 119
1.10.2 GBFD-110801 Processing of Measurement Report.............................................................................................120
1.10.3 GBFD-110802 Pre-processing of Measurement Report ......................................................................................121
1.10.4 GBFD-111101 System Information Sending .......................................................................................................123
1.10.5 GBFD-111102 Forced System Information Sending by OMC ............................................................................125
1.10.6 GBFD-111901 Supporting Three-Digit MNC .....................................................................................................126
1.10.7 GBFD-116101 Support of Daylight Saving Time................................................................................................127
1.10.8 GBFD-113001 SDCCH Dynamic Adjustment ....................................................................................................128
1.10.9 GBFD-112401 Cell Frequency Scan ...................................................................................................................129
1.10.10 GBFD-111806 STP (Signaling Transport Point)................................................................................................131
1.10.11 GBFD-111802 14-Digit Signaling Point Code ..................................................................................................132
1.10.12 MRFD-210801 Interface Message Tracing........................................................................................................134
1.10.13 MRFD-210802 User Signaling Tracing.............................................................................................................135
1.10.14 GBFD-112203 Cell Tracing...............................................................................................................................137
1.10.15 GBFD-111301 LAPD Multiplexing at Abis Interface .......................................................................................138
1.10.16 GBFD-114802 Discontinuous Reception (DRX) ..............................................................................................140
1.10.17 GBFD-111601 BTS Power Management...........................................................................................................141
1.10.18 GBFD-110703 Enhanced Power Control Algorithm .........................................................................................142
1.10.19 GBFD-113525 DTMF Downlink Message Filter ..............................................................................................145
1.10.20 GBFD-115201 High Speed Signaling................................................................................................................146
1.10.21 GBFD-110521 Guaranteed Emergency Call......................................................................................................147
1.10.22 GBFD-511001 License Control for Urgency.....................................................................................................148
1.10.23 GBFD-117601 HUAWEI III Power Control Algorithm ....................................................................................150
1.10.24 GBFD-113301 Enhanced Full Rate ...................................................................................................................151
1.10.25 GBFD-115601 Automatic Level Control (ALC) ...............................................................................................153
1.10.26 GBFD-115602 Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC)...........................................................................................155
1.10.27 GBFD-115603 Automatic Noise Restraint (ANR) ............................................................................................156
1.10.28 GBFD-115702 TrFO..........................................................................................................................................158
1.10.29 GBFD-115703 Automatic Noise Compensation (ANC)....................................................................................160
1.10.30 GBFD-115704 Enhancement Packet Loss Concealment (EPLC)......................................................................161
1.10.31 GBFD-118103 Network Support SAIC.............................................................................................................163
1.10.32 GBFD-114801 Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)-Downlink ........................................................................164
1.10.33 GBFD-114803 Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)-Uplink .............................................................................165
1.10.34 GBFD-111604 Intelligent Combiner Bypass.....................................................................................................167

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1.10.35 GBFD-510604 PICO USB Encryption..............................................................................................................168
1.10.36 GBFD-113201 Concentric Cell .........................................................................................................................170
1.10.37 GBFD-510501 HUAWEI II Handover ..............................................................................................................172
1.10.38 GBFD-117101 BTS Power Lift for Handover...................................................................................................173
1.10.39 GBFD-113501 A5/1 and A5/2 Ciphering Algorithm .........................................................................................174
1.10.40 GBFD-115505 AMR Radio Link Timer ............................................................................................................175
1.10.41 GBFD-113522 Encrypted Network Management..............................................................................................177
1.11 Interface Features....................................................................................................................................................179
1.11.1 GBFD-111801 Ater Interface 4:1 Multiplexing ...................................................................................................179
1.11.2 GBFD-119001 Gb Interface Function..................................................................................................................181
1.11.3 GBFD-111803 A Interface Circuit Management..................................................................................................182
1.11.4 GBFD-111804 A Interface Protocol Process........................................................................................................184
1.11.5 GBFD-111805 A Interface Occupation Rate Monitoring.....................................................................................185
1.11.6 GBFD-113904 Satellite Transmission over Pb Interface .....................................................................................187
1.11.7 GBFD-116901 Flex Ater......................................................................................................................................188
1.12 PS Services Features...............................................................................................................................................190
1.12.1 GBFD-119101 Packet Channel Combination Type .............................................................................................190
1.12.2 GBFD-119102 Packet System Information .........................................................................................................192
1.12.3 GBFD-119103 MS Types ....................................................................................................................................193
1.12.4 GBFD-119104 MAC Mode .................................................................................................................................195
1.12.5 GBFD-119105 RLC Mode...................................................................................................................................196
1.12.6 GBFD-119106 Coding Scheme ...........................................................................................................................197
1.12.7 GBFD-119107 Networking Control Mode ..........................................................................................................198
1.12.8 GBFD-119108 Network Operation Mode Support..............................................................................................200
1.12.9 GBFD-119109 QoS (Best Effort) ........................................................................................................................201
1.12.10 GBFD-119110 Access........................................................................................................................................203
1.12.11 GBFD-119111 Assignment ................................................................................................................................204
1.12.12 GBFD-119112 PS Paging ..................................................................................................................................206
1.12.13 GBFD-119113 Timing Advance Update............................................................................................................207
1.12.14 GBFD-119115 Power Control ...........................................................................................................................208
1.12.15 GBFD-119116 Packet Uplink Flow Control......................................................................................................210
1.12.16 GBFD-119117 Flow Control on Gb Interface ................................................................................................... 211
1.12.17 GBFD-113101 PDCH Dynamic Adjustment .....................................................................................................213
1.12.18 GBFD-119205 Dynamically Adjusting the RRBP Frequency...........................................................................215
1.12.19 GBFD-119303 Load Sharing.............................................................................................................................216
1.12.20 GBFD-119501 Adaptive Adjustment of Uplink and Downlink Channels .........................................................218
1.12.21 GBFD-119203 Extended Uplink TBF ...............................................................................................................219
1.13 Antenna System Solution........................................................................................................................................221
1.13.1 MRFD-210601 Connection with TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) ..................................................................221
1.13.2 MRFD-210602 Remote Electrical Tilt.................................................................................................................223
1.13.3 MRFD-210604 2-Way Antenna Receive Diversity .............................................................................................226
1.14 Synchronization Mechanism...................................................................................................................................227

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1.14.1 MRFD-210501 BTS/NodeB Clock......................................................................................................................227
1.14.2 MRFD-210502 BSC/RNC Clock ........................................................................................................................229
1.14.3 GBFD-510401 BTS GPS Synchronization..........................................................................................................231
1.14.4 GBFD-118606 Clock Over IP..............................................................................................................................232
1.15 Maintainability and Testing ....................................................................................................................................234
1.15.1 GBFD-119301 Voice Fault Diagnosis..................................................................................................................234
1.15.2 GBFD-119306 Abis Crossed Pair Diagnosis .......................................................................................................236
1.15.3 GBFD-119307 Spectrum Scan.............................................................................................................................237
1.15.4 GBFD-119308 Intermodulation Testing ..............................................................................................................238
1.15.5 GBFD-118607 IP Performance Monitor..............................................................................................................239
1.15.6 GBFD-118614 GSM PS Service Map .................................................................................................................241
1.15.7 GBFD-115402 LCS (Cell ID + TA).....................................................................................................................243
1.15.8 GBFD-118630 Ethernet OAM.............................................................................................................................244
1.15.9 GBFD-116401 End-to-End MS Signaling Tracing..............................................................................................246
1.16 Documentation........................................................................................................................................................247
1.16.1 MRFD-210701 Documentation ...........................................................................................................................247

GBSS15.0
Basic Feature Description 1 Basic Features
1
1 Basic Features
1.1 System Improvement
1.1.1 GBFD-110000 GBSS9.0 System Improvement
Availability
This feature was introduced in GBSS9.0.
Summary
The GBSS9.0 complies with 3GPP R6. When using new signaling processing boards and
interface boards, the GBSC supports a maximum of 3072 TRXs and the evolution from the
GSM network to the UMTS network.
Benefits
A large-capacity BSC is provided for this feature. Therefore, the floor area, operation and
maintenance (O&M) cost, power consumption, capital expenditure (CAPEX), and operating
expense (OPEX) are reduced.
The MBSC can be enabled with this feature. This facilitates the evolution from GSM to
UMTS.
Description
The GBSS9.0 complies with 3GPP R6 and provides the following enhancements:
1. The BSC supports a maximum of 3072 TRXs.
2. The signaling processing board XPUb and interface boards POUc, GOUc, and FG2c are
introduced to improve the board processing capability.
3. This feature supports the MBSC. The network can therefore be configured as GSM only,
UMTS only, or GSM&UMTS. This facilitates a smooth evolution from GSM to
GSM&UMTS and then to UMTS.
4. In MBSC mode, O&M, radio resources management, IP transmission, and hardware
resources can be shared between the BSC and the RNC.
5. GBSS9.0 supports EDGE+ evolution, including the Uplink EGPRS2-A, Downlink
EGPRS2-A, MSRD, Dual Carriers in Downlink, and Latency Reduction features.

GBSS15.0
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6. GBSS9.0 supports IP enhancement, including the A IP over E1/T1, Abis IP over E1/T1,
UDP MUX for A Transmission, A over IP, and 3GPP Protocol Compliance features.
7. GBSS9.0 supports voice quality improvement, including the AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi
Rate Wide Band), Automatic Noise Compensation (ANC), and Enhancement Packet
Loss Concealment (EPLC) features.
8. GBSS9.0 supports EGPRS service enhancement, including the Conversational QoS, PS
Handover, and Early TBF Establishment features.
9. GBSS9.0 supports the Dynamic Cell Power Off feature for energy saving.
10. GBSS9.0 supports the Intelligent Shutdown of TRX Due to PSU Failure feature for
improving the system reliability.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
 BSC6900 Hardware
The following single processing board is new: XPUb The following interface boards are
new: POUc FG2c GOUc
NA
 GBTS Hardware
Support
 eGBTS Hardware
Support
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
 Prerequisite Features
NA
 Mutually Exclusive Features
NA
Availability
Summary
This feature provides the following enhancements in GBSS12.0:
 Increases the BSC capacity.

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 Enables the BSC support more network topologies.
 Improves the reliability of the network topologies.
 Enhances maintainability and testability.
Benefits
 Increases the system capacity in GBSS12.0, and less equipment can be used to provide
the same capacity as before. Therefore, the required floor area in the equipment room
and the power consumed by each TRX decrease.
 Enables the GBSS12.0 support more network topologies to meet the development of
all-IP network.
 Improves the reliability of the network topologies in GBSS12.0. In this way, the
reliability of the GBSS system is improved in the case of sudden traffic burst.
 Improves the O&M efficiency in GBSS12.0.
Description
The GBSS12.0 System Improvement feature is described as follows:
1. The BSC capacity is increased.
In full configuration, the BSC supports a maximum of 4096 TRXs and a traffic volume of
24,000 Erlang.
2. The BSC supports more network topologies.
The A interface supports TDM/IP dual stack and supports the gradual evolution from A over
TDM to A over IP.
3. The reliability of the network topologies is improved.
Various flow control measures are taken to improve the reliability of the GBSS system in the
case of sudden traffic burst.
4. The maintainability and testability are enhanced.
GBSS12.0 provides measures to detect faults in PS and CS services. In this way, problems on
the existing network can be quickly identified and located, improving the network quality.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
Support
 eGBTS Hardware
Support

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 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.1.3 GBFD-110030 3GPP Protocol Compliance
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment complies with the 3GPP specifications.
Benefits
In compliance with 3GPP R6, this feature enables the BSC interwork with other network
elements (NEs) that comply with 3GPP R99, R4, R5, or R6. With this feature, the BSC
improves the competitiveness of operators and can provide diverse services with optimal
performance for subscribers.
Description
GBSS6.1 complies with 3GPP R99 and R4.
Enhancement
 GBSS7.0
Complies with 3GPP R99 and R4.
 GBSS8.0
 GBSS8.1
 GBSS9.0
Complies with 3GPP R99, R4, R5, and R6.
 GBSS12.0
Complies with 3GPP R99, R4, R5, and R6.
 GBSS13.0
Complies with 3GPP R99, R4, R5, R6, and R8.
 GBSS14.0

GBSS15.0
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Complies with 3GPP R99, R4, R5, R6, R8, and R9.
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
If new features defined in 3GPP R6 are required, MSs must comply with 3GPP R6.
 CN
If new features defined in 3GPP R6 are required, the CN must comply with 3GPP R6.
 Other NEs
If new features defined in 3GPP R6 are required, the interfaces on the related NEs must
comply with 3GPP R6.
NA
NA
Availability
Summary
 Use of a new TC board (DPUf) and enhanced system integration
 Support for VAMOS
 Improved voice quality and support for the E-coder, EPLC, and EVAD
 Support for identifying instance messaging services
 Improved transmission efficiency and support for Abis IPHC (IP header compression)
and Abis PPP multiplexing.
 Enhanced maintainability and testability
Benefits
 A BSC cabinet supports a maximum of 4096 TRXs. This reduces the floor area in the
equipment room and the power consumption per TRX.
 The provided VAMOS solution improves the spectral efficiency and network capacity.

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 The voice quality improvement enhances customer satisfaction.
 Identifying instance messaging services improves the radio resource usage and increases
operators' data services income.
 The Abis transmission solution enhances the transmission efficiency.
 The enhanced maintainability and testability improve O&M efficiency and network
security.
Description
The GBSS13.0 System Improvement feature is described as follows:
1. The integration of the BSC system is enhanced.
A new TC board DPUf is introduced. In full configuration, a BSC cabinet supports a
maximum of 4096 TRXs and a traffic volume of 24,000 Erlang.
2. The spectral efficiency and system capacity are increased.
With the increasing number of radio CS subscribers and the implementation of 900 MHz
refarming in some countries, the GSM spectral resources may be limited. The VAMOS
solution supported by GBSS13.0 improves spectral efficiency, relieving the limitation on
system capacity.
3. The voice quality is enhanced.
With the E-coder function, the voice coding and decoding algorithms of EFR and AMR users
are optimized to improve user experience and increase the MOS. In addition, the improved
VAD technology is used to enhance the identification of ring back tone and music. As a result,
more than 99% of the music can be identified and the MOS for the ring back tone increases
by more than 0.1 points.
4. The transmission efficiency is improved.
Abis IPHC (IP header compression) is supported to improve the Abis transmission efficiency.
5. The testability and maintainability are improved.
Operation and maintenance (O&M) and fault locating functions, such as the BTS IP
transmission real-time monitoring, are provided to improve the O&M efficiency.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
A new TC board DPUf is added.
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS

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NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
Availability
Summary
 Increased system capacity
 Decreased number of BTS migrations caused by internal GBSS problems
 Improved load balancing capability on the GBSS control plane
Benefits
 Increases the system capacity, and uses fewer devices to provide the same capacity as
before. Therefore, the required floor area in the equipment room and the power
consumed by each TRX decrease.
 Decreases the number of BTS migrations.
 Balances loads on the control plane by fully utilizing the hardware on the control plane.
Description
The GBSS14.0 System Improvement feature provides the following improvements:
 The BSC capacity is increased.
In all-IP transmission mode, a fully-configured BSC supports a maximum of 8192 TRXs
and a maximum traffic volume of 45,000 Erlang.
 The transmission resource management method is optimized on the MPU board.
The BSC implements load balancing among different MPU boards based on the load and
transmission resource on each MPU board. This reduces the number of BTS migrations
caused by an imbalanced load among MPU boards.
 CPU loads of boards on the control plane are significantly balanced.
This fully utilizes the processing capability of the control plane.
 New boards are added.
DPUe, FG2d, and GOUd boards are added to replace DPUg, FG2a, and GOUa boards,
respectively.

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Enhancement
None
Dependency
The DPUe, FG2d, and GOUd boards are added.
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
Availability
This feature is introduced in GBSS15.0.
Summary
 Enhanced system integration with the introduction of the BSC6910
 Expanded network capacity
 Optimized BSC flow control mechanism
 Improved system maintenance capability
Benefits
This feature provides the following features:
 Improves the BSC integrity, and use fewer devices to provide the same capacity as
before. Therefore, the required floor area in the equipment room and the power
consumed by each TRX decrease.

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 Increases network capacity due to optimization of the transmission bandwidth and radio
resource management in IP transmission mode.
 Improves system reliability due to optimization of the flow control mechanism.
 Increases the O&M efficiency of the GBSS system.
Description
The GBSS15.0 System Improvement feature provides the following improvements:
 The integration of the BSC system is enhanced.
The BSC6910 product model is introduced. In all-IP transmission mode where 10GE
ports are used, a fully-configured BSC6910 supports a maximum of 24,000 TRXs, a
maximum traffic volume of 150,000 Erlang, and a maximum bandwidth of 8000 Mbit/s.
 Network capacity is increased.
The IP QOS feature is enhanced to implement the adaptive adjustment of Abis interface
bandwidth and access control optimization. This increases the bandwidth usage
efficiency and allows more subscribers to access the network.
To increase the radio resource usage efficiency, the efficiency in which PDCHs carry
TBFs, and the number of admitted PS subscribers, the following optional features are
introduced in GBSS15.0:
PS Access Congestion Balancing
Small Packet Load Balancing
Duty-Cycle-based PDCH Management
 The flow control mechanism is optimized on the BSC.
With the optimized flow control mechanism, the GBSS15.0 implements the following
functions:
DSP self-healing processing
A interface robustness protection
Signaling delay-based flow control
These functions improve system reliability during peak hours.
 The GBSS system maintenance capability is improved.
The maintenance and testability of multi-site cells are improved and PS counter
measurement is optimized. In addition, the following enhancements are provided:
Enhanced maintainability and testability
KPI monitoring
Isolated problem location
Network parameter optimization
Enhancement
None
Dependency
The OIUb, EIUb, PEUc, and SPUb boards are added

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The EOMUa, EGPUa, EXPUa, ENIUa, ESAUa, and EXOUa are added.
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.2 Radio Service Function
1.2.1 GBFD-110101 Frequency Band
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment supports the following frequency bands:
 GSM850
 GSM900
 DCS1800
 PCS1900
Benefits
With this feature, the BTS supports multiple frequency bands and therefore TRX boards of
different frequency bands can be inserted into the same cabinet. Therefore, the number of
required cabinets and the floor area required for the equipment room are reduced.
GBSS equipment supports multiple frequency bands. Therefore, the GSM network can be
deployed with different frequency bands to meet the requirements of operators.
Description
The following table lists the frequency bands supported by Huawei GBSS equipment.

GBSS15.0
11
Frequency Band Uplink Frequency
(MS TX, BTS RX)
Downlink
Frequency (BTS
TX, MS RX)
ARFCN
850 MHz 824-C849MHz 869-C894MHz 128-C251
900 MHz
(P-GSM)
890-C915 MHz 935-C960 MHz 1-C124
1800 MHz 1710-C1785 MHz 1805-C1880 MHz 512-C885
1900 MHz 1850-C1910 MHz 1930-C1990 MHz 512-C810
The GSM900 frequency band contains the standard P-GSM and extended E-GSM and
R-GSM. The GSM900 listed in the preceding table refers to P-GSM. For details about
E-GSM and R-GSM, see the description about optional feature GBFD-114901 Support for
E-GSM and R-GSM Frequency Band in GBSS15.0 Optional Feature Description.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
Support For more information, see the product description documentation of the
corresponding RF module.
 eGBTS Hardware
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA

GBSS15.0
12
1.2.2 GBFD-114401 Multi-band Sharing One BSC
Availability
Summary
This feature enables operators to deploy a multi-band network, that is, one BSC can support
multiple frequency bands. Additionally, this feature enables operators to expand frequency
bands to alleviate the problem of insufficient frequency resources.
Benefits
This feature enables a network to support multiple frequency bands and enables operators to
expand frequency bands.
Description
Huawei GBSS supports GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, and GSM850 and therefore supports
a multi-band network sharing one BSC. The DCS1800 and PCS1900, however, have the
following restrictions:
 A DCS1800 cell and PCS1900 cell cannot be configured as neighboring cell for each
other.
 One cell's neighboring cell cannot have a DCS1800 cell and PCS1900 cell at the same
time.
Huawei GBSS supports the following types of multi-band networks:
 GSM850 + GSM900 + DCS1800
 GSM850 + GSM900 + PCS1900
In a multi-band network, parameters associated with cell selection and handover can be set
based on the specific frequency band so that the cell selection, cell reselection, and handover
between different bands can be implemented.
The dual-band network is a common multi-band network and consists of following types:
 GSM900 + DCS1800
 GSM850 + PCS1900
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware

GBSS15.0
13
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.2.3 GBFD-114901 Support for E-GSM and R-GSM Frequency
Band
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS equipment supports the E-GSM900 and R-GSM900 frequency bands.
Benefits
This feature provides the following benefits:
 This feature enables services to be processed on the extended frequency bands and
extends the frequency range.
 The state radio regulatory commission of each country is responsible for the division and
selling of the frequency resources of the country. The GSM900 is the commonly used
frequency band. To fully utilize frequency resources, the P-GSM900 frequency band is
extended to bring more benefits to governments and operators.
In this way, the related government organizations can make profits by selling this frequency
band.
In addition, the operators obtain more radio resources and make more profits by providing
better services to end users.
Description
The operating frequency of E-GSM (including the standard GSM900) is as follows:
 Uplink: 880-C915 MHz
 Downlink: 925-C960 MHz
 ARFCN: 0-C124, 975-C1023

GBSS15.0
14
The operating frequency of R-GSM (dedicated to the railway communications) is as follows:
 Uplink: 876-C915 MHz
 Downlink: 921-C960 MHz
 ARFCN: 0-C124, 955-C1023
The E-GSM900, R-GSM900, and P-GSM900 belong to the same frequency band while their
frequencies are not adjacent. Therefore, the extended frequency bands of E-GSM and R-GSM
are introduced. The E-GSM extended frequency band refers to the E-GSM frequency band
excluding the P-GSM frequency band. The R-GSM extended frequency band refers to the
R-GSM frequency band excluding the E-GSM frequency band.
For the cells configured with E-GSM extended frequency band or R-GSM frequency band,
the system adopts different channel assignment strategies according to the frequency band
supporting capability of the MS and the channel. During the immediate assignment, the
system assigns a channel to the MS based on the frequency band supported by the BCCH
carrier. When assigning a channel, the system obtains the classmark of the MS and then
determines whether a channel is supported by the MS. Among all the channels supported by
the MS, the system preferentially assigns a channel that is not in the intersection of the
frequency bands to the MS. For example, if an MS supports the E-GSM band, and the
available channels are carried on the P-GSM band and the E-GSM extended band, the system
preferentially assigns the channel on the E-GSM extended band to the MS. The band
intersection, that is, P-GSM band, is reserved for other MSs with weak multiband capability.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
 eGBTS Hardware
 MS
The MS must support this feature.
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA

GBSS15.0
15
1.2.4 GBFD-110201 Telephone Service (TS11)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the telephone service (TS11) specified in GSM specifications.
The telephone service can be classified into mobile-originated calls (MOC) and
mobile-terminated calls (MTC). The full rate (FR) speech coding is adopted by default. The
speech calls can be made between MSs within a GSM PLMN or between a PLMN MS and a
public switched telephone network (PSTN) MS or other communication networks.
Benefits
Telephone service is one of the basic speech service functions provided by operators. The
excellent speech service provided by Huawei BSS provides the following benefits:
 Telephone services with high quality, improving user experience for operators
 Better brand reputation, increasing the operators' profit
Description
Telephone service (TS11) specified in GSM specifications is a basic function of the GSM
equipment, such as Huawei GBSS.
The telephone service is classified into MOCs and MTCs. The telephone service supports the
speech calls between MSs within a GSM PLMN, also between a PLMN MS and a PSTN MS
subscriber or other communication networks.
In the BSS, the transcoder&rate adaptation unit (TRAU) is responsible for the speech
conversion between the GSM speech coding and the 64 kbit/s PCM coding. If the speech
coding schemes specified in optional features are not activated for a common call, the full rate
speech coding is adopted by default.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS

GBSS15.0
16
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.2.5 GBFD-110202 Emergency Call Service (TS12)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications
and provides a high priority for the emergency call service.
Benefits
Emergency call service enables a subscriber to make calls for assistance in case of emergency.
For subscribers in emergencies, the emergency call service provides the following benefits:
 Subscribers can dial the specified emergency service number free of charge even if the
MS is suspended or the subscriber is a defaulting subscriber.
 The emergency call service takes precedence over other services in accessing the
network. Even located in congested cells, the subscribers can contact the aid agencies by
dialing the emergency service number.
Description
Emergency call service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications is a basic function of the
GSM equipment, such as Huawei GBSS.
The emergency call takes precedence over common calls. Compared with the common call
procedure, the emergency call procedure is simplified to accelerate the call establishment and
to ensure a high call establishment success rate. For example, during the immediate
assignment procedure, the BSC can directly assign a traffic channel (TCH) for an emergency
call so that the call quickly and easily occupies radio resources.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA

GBSS15.0
17
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.2.6 GBFD-110203 Point To Point Short Message Service (TS21,
TS22)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the TS21 and TS22 services specified in GSM specifications, that is,
the sending and receiving of short messages.
Benefits
The point-to-point short message service is widely used. As a value-added service, the short
message service is a complement to the GSM mobile speech services. An MS can exchange
information with other MSs by using the point-to-point short message services.
This Point To Point Short Message Service feature provides the following benefits:
 Meeting subscribers' increasingly diversified data service requirements
 Becoming an increasingly important source of operators' revenue and diversifying the
operators' profit portfolio
 Enriching the operation modes of the service providers (SPs).
Description
Mobile-terminated (MT) point-to-point short message service (TS11) and mobile-originated
(MO) point-to-point short message service (TS12) specified in GSM specifications are basic
functions of the GSM equipment, such as Huawei GBSS.

GBSS15.0
18
The point-to-point short message service can be used to exchange information in plain text.
With this service, subscribers can exchange text information with each other and the operators
can send service promotion information and promotional information. Both the short message
center (SMC) and the MS can initiate the point-to-point short message service. The BSS
supports the sending and receiving of short messages. On receiving the signaling of a short
message from the MSC, the BSS forwards the short message to the MS. In turn, on receiving
a short message from the MS, the BSS forwards the short message to the MSC.
The short message here refers to the one that is transmitted through SS7 signaling. The short
message service implemented in the PS domain is not included. The PS short message is a
function mainly implemented by the SGSN and is treated as a common data service on the
BSC side.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
This feature requires support from the SMS center.
NA
NA
1.2.7 GBFD-110204 G3 Fax (TS61, TS62)
Availability
Summary
Huawei GBSS supports the TS61 and TS62 services specified in GSM specifications. TS61
refers to the G3 alternate voice and fax service and TS62 refers to the G3 automatic voice and
fax service. The TS61 and TS62 services enable an MS to send and receive faxes.

GBSS15.0
19
Benefits
The G3 fax feature is a value-added mobile data service that allows MSs to send and receive
voice faxes. This service is a complement to the GSM mobile speech service and enables MSs
to carry out fax services.
 Enables an MS to receive and send faxes any time anywhere and meeting diversified
requirements from the subscribers.
 Enables operators to provide mobile fax service to enrich their service scopes and
revenue sources.
Description
TS61 fax and TS62 fax services specified in GSM specifications are basic functions of the
GSM equipment, such as Huawei GBSS.
With the TS61 fax and TS62 fax services, an MS can send and receive voice faxes.
The fax service is realized by using other upper-layer protocols. Therefore, the BSS provides
the lower-layer connection but does not process the upper-layer services.
The main device required by this feature is deployed in the CN.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA

GBSS15.0
20
1.2.8 GBFD-110205 Bearer Service (CSD)
Availability
Summary
Huawei BSS supports the traditional CSD services and the data services with multiple rates.
Benefits
Both CSD and GPRS are standard 2G data services.
Data services are widely used. As a value-added mobile data service, CSD is a complement to
the GSM mobile speech services. With the CSD service, an MS can connect to the operators'
data network or even the Internet.
 Meets subscribers' increasingly diversified data service requirements and enables data
transfer between networks
 Becomes an increasingly important source of operators' revenue and increases the
operators' profit
 Helps operators provide diversified services on the data platform of CSD to attract more
subscribers and thereby achieve more profit.
 Be implemented without adding the PCU device or hardware and software (This reduces
the space required by the equipment room and facilitates the management of the
equipment room. Moreover, the CSD increases the choices of data services.)
Description
Huawei GBSS supports various bearer services specified in GSM specifications. The GBSS
provides the lower-layer connection but does not process the upper-layer services. The bearer
service can be used in low-rate data service applications. Huawei GBSS supports the
following bearer services:
 BS21 asynchronous duplex circuit data service, transparent/nontransparent, 300 bit/s
 BS23 asynchronous duplex circuit data service, transparent/nontransparent, 1200/75 bit/s
(see remark 1)
 BS31 synchronous duplex circuit data service, transparent/nontransparent, 1200 bit/s
 BS41 PAD access service, asynchronous circuit, transparent/nontransparent, 300 bit/s

GBSS15.0
21
 BS43 PAD access service, asynchronous circuit, transparent/nontransparent, 1200/75
bit/s (see remark 1)
 BS51 packet access service, 2.4 kbit/s, synchronous, UDI, nontransparent
 BS61 alternate speech/data service, transparent/nontransparent
 BS81 speech followed by data service
Remark 1: Bearer services BS23 and BS43 apply only to MOCs. In BS23 and BS43 services,
the data rate of 75 bit/s applies to the uplink and the data rate of 1200 bit/s applies to the
downlink.
Enhancement
 GBSS8.0
The GBFD-119405 14.4kbit/s Circuit Switched Data is introduced as an optional feature.
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.2.9 GBFD-114101 GPRS
Availability

GBSS15.0
22
Summary
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a type of end-to-end packet switched service
based on the GSM technology.
Benefits
By providing data services, the GPRS helps increase operators' revenue and the proportion of
packet service (PS) in mobile services.
Description
Huawei GPRS is implemented by adding GPRS support nodes (GSNs) and packet control
units (PCU) on the GSM system and upgrading the software. In this manner, the GPRS
provides quick access of PS services for mobile subscribers. There are two PCU types:
built-in PCU and external PCU. A Huawei external PCU is connected to the BSC on the Pb
interface.
Huawei GPRS has an open system architecture, which facilitates smooth capacity expansion.
The standardized interfaces ensure equipment compatibility, support QoS features, and
support dynamic allocation of radio resources. In addition, the flexible networking and
configuration save a large amount of CAPEX for operators at the initial phase of the GPRS
service operation. In addition, Huawei GPRS provides abundant PS services, such as mobile
Internet access, e-Commerce (e-Bank and e-Currency), trunking management, remote control
or measurement, booking system (used by hotels, theaters, and airplanes), and group call
services (such as releasing information).
Huawei GPRS provides three functions:
 Managing radio links and resources:
− The radio link management includes link establishment, maintenance, and release.
− The radio resource management includes encoding/decoding, configuration, and
multiplexing of the radio packet channel and conversion between CS channels and PS
channels.
 Controlling MS access
By controlling the access of MSs, the GPRS prevents channel contention and allocates
channels to MSs according to the requested QoS.
 Providing routes for packet data transmission
The GPRS system provides routes to transmit the packet data to the SGSN and receives the
downlink data from the SGSN.
According to GSM specifications, the GPRS can use four coding schemes: CS-1, CS-2, CS-3,
and CS-4. The recommended CS-1 and CS-2 coding schemes ensure 100% and 90% cell
coverage, respectively, and meet the co-channel interference requirement (CIR≥9 dB).
However, they provide a data rate of only 9.05 kbit/s and 13.4 kbit/s (containing the RLC
block head), respectively. The reason is that the half-rate and 1/3 rate bits in the RLC blocks
are used for forward error correction (FEC). This reduces the CIR requirement and the
transmission rate.
To increase the transmission rate, Huawei provides CS-3 and CS-4 coding schemes. The CS-3
and CS-4 coding schemes provide the transmission rate of 15.6 kbit/s and 21.4 kbit/s
(containing the RLC block head), respectively. In addition, they have higher CIR
requirements. During data transmission, the BSC dynamically adjusts the channel encoding or

GBSS15.0
23
decoding scheme according to the retransmission rate of RLC blocks on the uplink or
downlink temporary block flow (TBF). This improves the transmission rate while maintaining
the data transmission quality, maximizing the radio resource usage. In addition Huawei GPRS
supports dynamic conversion among CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, and CS-4.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
A PCU, a packet-service processing board, and a Gb interface board are required.
NA
 GBTS Hardware
Support
 eGBTS Hardware
Support
 MS
The MS must support this feature.
 CN
The CN must support this feature.
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.3 Mobility Management
1.3.1 GBFD-110301 Location Updating
Availability
Summary
To ensure that services such as paging services can be processed properly, the network needs
to know the location of an MS. The MS registers to the network by performing the location
update procedure. In this way, the VLR and HLR keep track of the location information about
the MS, ensuring the normal communication between MSs.

GBSS15.0
24
Benefits
Location update is a basic feature for operators to provide the CS speech services.
Description
The location update procedure is the signaling procedure for the MS to update the location
information on the network. This ensures that the location information about the MS stored in
the HLR and VLR is consistent with the actual location information about the MS.
The general location update procedure is as follows:
1. The MS initiates the access request with the location update as the access cause;
2. The network side allocates a signaling channel to the MS;
3. The MS sends a location update request on this signaling channel;
4. The NSS side determines whether to accept the location update request based on the
identity of the MS.
In different scenarios, three types of specific location update procedures are initiated: normal
location updating, periodic location updating, and IMSI attach location updating.
 Normal location updating
When the location of an MS changes, the MS initiates a normal location update
procedure. During the normal location update procedure, the network side may initiate
other supplementary procedures, such as the classmark interrogation, identification
request, authentication, and ciphering mode setting.
 Periodic location updating
When timer T3212 expires, the MS initiates the periodic updating procedure. The value
of T3212 is provided by the network in the system information type 3 message. The MS
resolves this system information message to obtain the value of the T3212 timer.
 IMIS attach location update procedure
The IMSI attach location update is a complement to the IMSI detach procedure. The
network uses the system information type 3 message to indicate whether the IMSI attach
and IMSI detach are allowed. If the network indicates that the IMSI attach and IMSI
detach are required, the MS triggers the IMSI attach procedure when the IMSI is
activated. When the MS activates the IMSI or the MS has moved from a non-coverage
area to a coverage area, the IMSI attach procedure is triggered if the IMSI attach is
allowed and the stored location area of the MS is the same as the location area of the
serving cell.
Location update ensures smooth communication by updating the information about the
location of MSs stored in the VLR and HLR in real time.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA

GBSS15.0
25
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.3.2 GBFD-110302 IMSI Detach
Availability
Summary
After the IMSI of a subscriber is detached from the network, the MSC/VLR marks the
subscriber as invalid and will no longer send any paging message to this subscriber.
Benefits
IMSI detach is a basic feature for operators to provide the CS speech services.
Description
IMSI attach and detach are IMSI-specific procedures. When an MS is powered off, it sends
the MSC a message containing the detach request. After receiving this message, the
MSC/VLR sets the subscriber status to invalid and will no longer page this subscriber.
During the IMSI detach, the subscriber status is recorded only on the MSC/VLR but not on
the HLR. After the MS is powered on again, the MS performs the IMSI attach procedure if the
MS still resides in the location area where it resides before it is powered off. If the MS resides
in a different location area, the MS performs the normal location update procedure to update
the new location information in the HLR and VLR.
The MSC informs the MS whether the IMSI attach or detach is allowed by sending the system
information type 3 message.
Enhancement
None

GBSS15.0
26
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.3.3 GBFD-110303 CS Paging
Availability
Summary
By performing the paging procedure, the network instructs the MS to access the network as
the called party to complete the call establishment.
Benefits
Paging is a basic feature for operators to provide the CS speech services. The paging
algorithm determines the paging efficiency of the GBSS.
Huawei GBSS paging algorithm provides the following benefits:
 Guarantees the paging processing capability while maintaining the paging efficiency and
reducing the paging load. The paging processing capability is one of the KPIs that
indicate the system capability.
 Decreases the complaints and increases customer satisfaction by preventing paging
losses and therefore increasing the call success rate.
Description
The paging procedure is described as follows:

GBSS15.0
27
To answer calls in a timely manner, the MS in idle state listens to the paging channel in real
time. If there is a paging message to the MS, the MS responds to the paging and completes the
subsequent procedure as a called party.
Pagings are classified into PS pagings and CS pagings. To transmit downlink data to an MS,
the SGSN initiates the PS paging procedure. If a packet common control channel (PCCCH) is
configured, the PS paging message is transmitted on the PCCCH. If no PCCCH is configured,
the PS message is transmitted on the paging channel (PCH).
The CS paging message is sent on the PCH. When a call arrives at the MSC that serves the
MS, the MSC determines the location area of the MS and sends the paging message to all
BSCs in this location area. The BSCs determine the paging cell based on the location area and
determine the paging group to which the MS belongs based on the IMSI. Then, the BSC sends
the paging message to the corresponding BTS. The BTS then sends the paging message to the
MS over an assigned PCH.
Huawei GBSS supports the three standard paging modes:
 Common paging mode
The paging message is transmitted only over the configured PCH and the IMSI defined
channel.
 Complete paging mode
When an MS group is informed to work in this mode, the paging message to any MS in
this group can be transmitted over any PCH on the same timeslot. This avoids paging
message loss when the PCH configuration is dynamically changed.
 Spaced paging mode
The BSS sends the paging message to a group over another paging channel to avoid
temporary overload. That is, the MS that receives common paging messages over
channel N can obtain the paging messages over the next paging channel (N+2).
Huawei GBSS supports paging message queuing, paging retransmission, simultaneous
processing of various pagings, and paging flow control. This can effectively improve the
paging capacity of the BSC.
 Paging message queuing
The transmission of paging messages on the Um interface is limited on the basis of
paging groups. The paging message of one paging group can only be transmitted on the
paging block corresponding to the paging group. Therefore, the paging message queuing
is implemented on the BTS. That is, during the period when the BTS waits for
transmission, the paging messages from the BSC are buffered on the BTS. Upon the
transmission, the BTS selects the appropriate paging messages from the queue to
transmit on the corresponding block. If many paging messages have the same
transmission priority, the BTS processes these messages according to the FIFO principle.
 Paging retransmission
Generally, both the CN and BSS of the GSM network allow paging retransmission. A
two-level retransmission mechanism is provided. One retransmission is initiated by the
CN to handle long intermittence during the paging transmission. The retransmission
initiated by the CN takes a relatively long time. The other retransmission is implemented
on the BTS. The retransmission initiated by the BTS takes a relatively short time. Hence,
the two-level retransmission mechanism reduces the signaling load on the Abis interface
and A interface. Huawei BSS supports the paging retransmission. That is, when there is
no paging message or immediate assignment message to be transmitted on the
corresponding sending block, the paging messages that are already transmitted are
retransmitted on this sending block. The maximum number of paging retransmissions
can be specified by the system parameter.

GBSS15.0
28
 Simultaneous processing of multiple paging messages
Each paging command from the BSC comprises only one paging message sent to one
MS, but each paging request on the Um interface may pack a maximum of four paging
messages sent to four different MSs. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of the paging
processing, the number of paging commands to the MS included in the paging message
on the Um interface should be as many as that is specified. In detail, a maximum of four
paging messages can be included. When the sending block of a paging group is polled,
the BTS searches for the paging messages to be transmitted in the paging queue
corresponding to the paging group. Then, based on the maximum combination principle,
the BTS packs these paging messages or several of the paging messages as appropriate
type of paging request on the Um interface. The paging request is then sent on the
sending block to the MSs. In this way, the paging commands of multiple MSs can be
transmitted on the Um interface.
 Paging flow control
When the paging flow from the MSC exceeds the processing capability of the BSS, the
BSS initiates the selective flow control based on the current network situation to ensure
the robustness and proper operation of the system, the high efficiency of the paging
capacity, and the smoothness and stability of services.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA

GBSS15.0
29
1.3.4 GBFD-110304 Authentication
Availability
Summary
Authentication is an identity verification procedure. With the authentication, only legal
subscribers can access the network.
Benefits
Authentication is a basic feature for the operators to provide the CS speech services. This
feature ensures that only the legal subscribers can access the network, thereby guaranteeing
the security of the network and services.
Description
Authentication is a procedure in which the GSM network verifies the validity of the identity
of an MS.
The purpose of authentication is to prevent unauthorized subscribers from accessing the
network and to protect the private information of authorized subscribers.
The network initiates the authentication procedure in the following situations:
 The MS requests to change the information restored in VLR or HLR.
 Service access such as MOC, MTC, MS activation or deactivation, or supplementary
services is required.
 Initial network access is required after MSC/VLR reboot.
 The ciphering key Kc sequence is mismatched.
 The network needs to determine whether the MS is accessible to network.
 Parameters for the MS to calculate new ciphering key is required.
The authentication procedure is always initiated and controlled by the network.
After the RR connection between the MSC and the BSS is established, the network can decide
whether to initiate the authentication procedure to verify the subscriber's identity. The BSS is
mainly responsible for the RR connection establishment and the transparent transmission
between the MSC and the MS. When the network determines to initiate the authentication
procedure, the MSC/VLR sends the MS an Authentication Request message to trigger the
authentication procedure. The MS responds to this request with an Authentication Response
message and reports the calculated result to the CN for approval for the authentication.
Authentication strengthens the network identification of subscribers and ensures their security.
Enhancement
None
Dependency

GBSS15.0
30
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
NA
NA
1.3.5 GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover
Availability
Summary
This feature involves the following phases: MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision,
and handover execution. In the handover decision phase, an appropriate candidate cell is
selected for the handover.
Benefits
With this feature, the MSs in movement can continue with the ongoing call.
Handover is an important method to ensure the voice quality.
Handover optimizes the overall performance of the system by adjusting the traffic volume of
the cells.
Description
The GSM service area is composed of a number of cells that provide continuous coverage.
The handover technique is introduced into the GSM system to enable the MSs in movement to
continue with the ongoing calls within the coverage area, optimizing the network
performance.
This feature involves the following phases: MR reporting, MR processing, handover decision,
and handover execution. The NEs involved in the handover include the MS, BSS, and MSC.
The measurement and MR reporting are implemented by the MS and BTS. The MS measures
the downlink level strength, downlink quality, and TA of the GSM cell and then reports the

GBSS15.0
31
information to the BTS. The BTS measures the receive level strength and quality of the MS
and then reports all the information to the BSC. Generally, the MR processing is implemented
by the BSC. The BSC performs the basic functions such as filtering and interpolation to
provide a reference for the subsequent handover decisions. If the BTS performs the
pre-processing of MRs, the MR processing can be implemented by the BTS. Based on
different factors such as radio signal quality, radio signal level, speed, load, and requirement
of operators, the handover decision algorithm determines which candidate cell to be used as
the target cell for handover. After the target cell is selected, the handover procedure is initiated.
If the handover failure or rollback occurs, the MR indicating the result is reported to the
handover decision module. Then, the handover decision algorithm selects another candidate
cell as the target cell.
The handover decision algorithm is categorized into five types: high-speed railway fast
handover, emergency handover, enhanced dual-band network handover, load handover, and
normal handover. The emergency handover is of five types: TA handover, bad quality
handover, quick level drop handover, interference handover, and no downlink measurement
report handover. The normal handover is of the following types: edge handover, hierarchical
handover, PBGT handover, concentric cell handover, AMR handover, and better 3G cell
handover.
High-speed railway fast handover: This handover reduces the filtering time, speeds up the
handover and determines whether to trigger the handover based on the frequency offset and
signal level. In addition, the neighboring cell on a chain is selected to improve the reliability.
TA handover: The timing advance can be used as a standard to limit the cell coverage to
some extent. The BSC determines whether the TA value of the current MS exceeds the timing
advance limit (TALIM). If the TALIM is exceeded, the BSC initiates an emergency handover
with the cause value being great TA value. The TA value ranges from 0 to 63. The step of each
bit corresponds to the distance from the MS to the BTS, which is 553.5 m. The TA value 63
corresponds to a distance of 35 km. If the serving cell meets the conditions to trigger a TA
emergency handover, penalty is performed on the originating cell after a successful to prevent
a handover back to this cell due to other causes. The TA handover algorithm has been
optimized to meet the special requirements of the extended cells.
Quick level drop handover: This handover is responsive to the signals with rapid signal level
drop. The average value filtering and P/N decision methods are used in edge handover and
PBGT handover, and therefore the time for measurement and decision is prolonged. Therefore,
these handovers are not sensitive to rapid level drop in a short period. Therefore, concerning
the rapid level drop, you can perform finite impact response (FIR) filtering on the original
receive level. This filtering method is responsive to the rapid level drop based on the drop
slope of the original receive level.
When the quick level drop handover is triggered, the selected target cell should have the
highest priority based on the ranking in the preprocessing. If the candidate GSM cells do not
meet the handover conditions and there are neighboring 3G cells available, the inter-RAT
handover is performed if allowed. Otherwise, the algorithm determines to perform the
emergency handover of other types.
Edge handover: Edge handover is a type of rescue handover based on the signal level. To
trigger an edge handover, the receive level of the target cell should be at least one hysteresis
value (hysteresis of inter-cell handover) higher than the receive level of the serving cell.
When the receive level of the serving cell is lower than the edge handover threshold and the
P/N criterion is met within a period of measurement time, the edge handover is triggered for
the MS to maintain proper communication quality.
Bad quality handover: The transmission quality of the link is measured in bit error ratio
(BER). The BSC determines the quality of a radio link based on the quality level in the MR.
There are eight quality levels ranging from 0 to 7. Level 0 is the best and level 7 is the worst.

GBSS15.0
32
Bad quality level may be resulted from low signal power or channel interference. When the
receive quality of the serving cell is lower than the BQ handover threshold, the BSC starts the
handover algorithm for the MS to maintain proper communication quality. This procedure is
called BQ handover. If the serving cell meets the conditions to trigger the bad quality
handover, penalty is performed on the originating cell after a successful handover to prevent a
handover back to the cell due to other causes.
Interference handover: When the receive level of the serving cell is good, the network starts
the interference handover for the MS to maintain proper communication quality if the receive
quality deteriorates to a certain degree. If interference handover is triggered, the quality of the
channel in the serving cell is affected to some extent. Conversation, however, can be
maintained. At the same time, the receive level of the serving cell is relatively high and other
channel in the serving cell may be affected to some extent. Therefore, the intra-cell handover
is recommended.
PBGT handover: PBGT handover is also referred to as better cell handover. The PBGT
handover is based on the path loss. In PBGT handover, the system searches in real-time for a
cell with less path loss and in compliance with the system requirements. Then, the BSC
determines whether a handover is required. Compared with other handover algorithms, the
PBGT handover is triggered on the basis of path loss instead of receive level.
Hierarchical handover: The radio systems with the same coverage can be divided into four
layers. The highest layer, also the fourth layer, is the umbrella-shaped GSM900 cell with wide
coverage. This GSM900 cell implements the coverage and the connection of the fast-moving
MS. The third layer is composed of GSM900 macro cells. These are the most widely used
cells of the current system. Most of the MSs camp on this layer. The second layer is composed
of DCS1800 micro cells with smaller coverage. The DCS1800 cell is also the target cell for
capacity expansion aiming at solving the problem of insufficient frequency resources. The
bottom layer is composed of DCS1800 pico cells, which aims to meet the requirements of the
hot spot or the blind spot. The cell at the lower layer has a higher priority than the cell at the
higher layer.
Inter-layer handover: This handover is performed between different layers or between
different hierarchies at the same layer. The inter-layer handover is not performed between
cells at the same layer and the same hierarchy. If the following situations occur in a layered
and hierarchical network:
 A cell with a higher priority exists.
 The cell meets the conditions to trigger the hierarchical handover. That is, the signal
level of a neighboring cell is higher than the sum of inter-layer handover threshold and
hysteresis.
 The P/N criterion is met. That is, within period P, the conditions to trigger the handover
are met for period N.
Then, the call is handed over to the cell with a higher priority even if the serving cell can
provide good services. The purpose of hierarchical handover is to direct the traffic of the MS
to the cell with a higher priority so that the traffic can be distributed more properly.
During the call, the hierarchical handover flexibly adjusts the traffic distribution between
different layers to meet the requirements of various networking modes.
Enhancement
 GBSS14.0
After being decoupled from Huawei handover II, handover between full-rate and
half-rate TCHs can be enabled when Huawei handover I is used. Handovers between

GBSS15.0
33
full-rate and half-rate TCHs include RQI-based handovers and capacity- and
quality-based handovers. RQI is short for radio quality indicator.
A handover penalty inheritance mechanism is provided for load handovers. A successful
load handover prevents ping pong handovers and ensures that the penalty cell list of the
source cell is inherited.
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
GBFD-110801 Processing of Measurement Report or GBFD-110802 Pre-processing of
Measurement Report
GBFD-510501 HUAWEI II Handover
1.3.6 GBFD-110607 Direct Retry
Availability
Summary
Directed retry is a special type of handover. That is, during the assignment procedure, the
BSC initiates the directed retry procedure to switch the MS to a neighboring cell if no TCH is
available or the traffic load is heavy in the serving cell.
Benefits
 This feature helps reduce the call access failure due to TCH congestion in the serving
cell, and hence increases the access success rate.
 This feature can balance the traffic load between different cells, and hence avoids the
traffic load imbalance among cells.

GBSS15.0
34
Description
When the MS initiates a call, the BSC determines the assignment procedure that is to be used
according to the load of the current cell if the BSC receives an ASSIGN REQ message from
the MSC. There are three types of assignment procedures: normal assignment procedure,
mode modification procedure, and directed retry procedure. If the load of the cell is so high
that the cell does not admit a new service or that a newly admitted service will affect the
existing services, the BSC determines to perform a directed retry. The directed retry procedure
is as follows:
The BSC sends a CHAN ACTIV message to the target cell.
After receiving a CHAN ACTIV ACK message, the BSC requests circuit service resources.
After the requested resources are allocated successfully, the BSC sends an HO CMD to the
MS through the originating cell.
The MS sends an HO ACC message in the target cell to attempt to access the network. The
BTS sends an HO DETECT message to notify the BSC of the request and sends the PHY
INFO message to the MS.
The MS accesses the network through the FIRST SABM frame. Then, the BTS sends an EST
IND message and a UA frame to the MS for acknowledgment.
The MS sends an HO CMP message to the BSC through the target cell. Then, the BSC sends
an ASS CMP message to the MSC to process signaling in other assignment procedures. The
mobile originated procedure is complete.
Based on the homing BSC and MSC of the serving cell and target cell, the directed retry can
be classified into these types: intra-BSC directed retry, inter-BSC directed retry, and
inter-MSC directed retry. The directed retry helps reduce the call access failures due to TCH
congestion in the serving cell, increase the access success rate, and improve the network
quality.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA

GBSS15.0
35
− GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover or GBFD-510501 HUAWEI II Handover
NA
1.3.7 GBFD-110608 SDCCH Handover
Availability
Summary
SDCCH handover refers to the handover from one SDCCH to another SDCCH in the
immediate assignment procedure.
Benefits
This feature helps improve the access success rate of MSs on the edge of the network.
Description
The SDCCH handover refers to the handover from one SDCCH to another SDCCH. This
feature helps improve the access success rate of MSs on the edge of the network, improving
the network quality.
The handover decision in SDCCH status is the same as that in TCH status. That is, the TA
handover, interference handover, BQ handover, signal level rapid fall handover, and edge
handover are allowed, and the load handover, PBGT handover, concentric handover, and
AMR handover are not allowed. In addition, the parameter used for handover decision in
SDCCH status is the same as that used for handover decision in TCH status.
Generally, the time for seizing the SDCCH is short, and therefore the SDCCH handover
seldom occurs. To prevent unnecessary handovers due to inaccurate MR in the initial phase of
call setup, the minimum time to start the SDCCH handover can be configured to control the
handover rate of the signaling channel.
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA

GBSS15.0
36
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA
− GBFD-110601 HUAWEI I Handover or GBFD-510501 HUAWEI II Handover
NA
1.3.8 GBFD-110401 Basic Cell Selection
Availability
Summary
When the MS is powered on or moves from a blind spot to a coverage area, the MS searches
for all frequencies that the PLMN allows and selects a proper cell to camp on. This procedure
is called cell selection.
Benefits
This feature facilitates the automatic selection of the network on the MS and avoids the
complexity of manual operations.
Description
The cell selection involves two scenarios:
 The MS does not store any information about the BCCH TRX.
The MS sets a search frequency band first. When the MS is tuned to the frequency with
the highest level, it decides whether this frequency is the BCCH TRX. If it is the BCCH
TRX, the MS tries to decode the SCH to synchronize with this frequency and read the
BCCH system broadcast messages. The MS camps on this cell if the MS can decode the
BCCH data correctly and confirms that this cell belongs to the selected PLMN,
parameter C1 exceeds 0, and that the access to this cell is not denied. Otherwise, the MS
is tuned to the frequency with the second highest level and repeats the decoding and data
verification procedures until the MS finds the available cell.
 The MS stores the information about the BCCH frequency.
The MS searches for the stored BCCH frequency first. If the MS can decode the BCCH
data of the cell but cannot camp on this cell, it checks the BA (BCCH) list. If none of the
BCCH frequency in the list is suitable, the MS initiates the cell selection procedure
without the BCCH message mentioned earlier.
Whether an MS can select a cell to camp on is also influenced by the following factors:
 Two parameters in system information 1

GBSS15.0
37
Cell bar access (CBA): It indicates whether a cell allows access of an MS. Cell bar
access is a one-bit code: Value 0 indicates that the access is allowed, and value 1
indicates that the access is not allowed. This parameter does not influence the access of
MSs that are handed over to the cell.
Access control (AC): It can be graded from level 0 to level 9 and from level 11 to level
15. Usually each GSM subscriber has an access level and each level is represented by
one bit: Value 1 indicates that the current cell does not allow the access of the MS with
the corresponding level value. Otherwise, the access is allowed. Subscribers with level
11 to level 15 have higher priority over subscribers with level 0 to level 9 in access, but
there is no priority difference within level 11 to level 15 or within level 0 to level 9.
 The minimum receive level allowed in system information 3:
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN: It is the signal level threshold represented by a 6-bit code. The
range 0 to 63 corresponds to the level value range -C110 dBm to -C47 dBm.
 Access parameter CBQ in system information 4
Cell Bar Qualify (CBQ): It is a one-bit code. CBQ and CBA together indicate the priority
status of the cell. For details, see following table.
CBQ CBA Priority Status of
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Status
0 0 Normal Normal
0 1 Barred Barred
1 0 Low Normal
1 1 Low Normal
Enhancement
None
Dependency
NA
NA
 GBTS Hardware
NA
 eGBTS Hardware
NA
 MS
NA
 CN
NA
 Other NEs
NA

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