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Garlic variety evaluations-voigt
- 2. Garlic Variety Classification • Pooler and Simon at U.W., Madison – Taxonomic system – Organizes confusing mass of varieties – True seed available through lab • Filaree Farm, Okanogan, Washington – Uses this system – Offer a multitude of varieties
- 3. Garlic’s Two Major Divisions • Hardneck, Allium sativum ophioscorodon • Softneck, Allium sativum sativum • Based on production of a hard central scape
- 5. Softnecks do not usually produce a scape. Leaf bases form a pseudostem, which falls over at maturity
- 8. Hardneck Garlic • Produces tall scape with bulbil cluster • Cluster includes undeveloped flowers • Classification based on how scape emerges and develops • Often lumped under “Rocambole” name • Gourmet types – Shorter storage – More complex flavors
- 10. Advantages of Hardnecks • More comples flavor • Less often available in the marketplace • Gourmet item • Higher price
- 11. Softnecks • Selected through many years of cultivation • No longer produce hard central scape • Numerous small, central cloves • May be remnants of bulbil cluster • Produce soft pseudostem • Often used for braiding
- 13. Advantages of Softnecks • Standard of commercial industry • Keep longer • May be more productive in some areas • Require less maintenance, mainly removal of the scapes
- 14. Allium sativum ophioscorodon var. Rocambole • Light to medium blotchy purple wrappers • Six to eleven cloves in single circle • Cloves plump, easy peeling • Rich, highly flavored • Short to medium storage
- 15. Varieties of Rocambole Group • Carpathian, large uniform bulbs, strong classic garlic flavor • German Red, strong, hot, spicy flavor • Spanish Roja, taste test winner, true garlic flavor • Yugoslavian, hot and spicy, sweet aftertaste
- 18. Allium sativum ophioscorodon var. Purple Stripe • Very attrative bulbs, purple lines and stripes • Eight to twelve cloves per bulb • Cloves tall, half moon shaped • Great cooking garlic • Keeps like rocambole • Example: Persian Star
- 21. Allium sativum ophioscorodon var. Purple Stripe/Glazed Group • Bulb colors royal glazed purple blush • Tinge of gold • Bulbs not as tall as standard Purple Stripe • Example: Red Rezan
- 24. Allium sativum ophioscorodon var. Purple Stripe/Marbled Group • Marbled, almost spotted bulbs • Large, fat, brownish cloves • Bulbils often larger and fewer than other Purple Stripes’ • Stores longer than Rocamboles • Example: Metechi
- 27. Allium sativum ophioscorodon var. Porcelain • Smooth, paper‐white bulbs, tight wrappers • Large bulbs, few cloves, high allicin • Symmetrical, easy clean bulbs • Long storage, mild and flavorful raw • Examples: Georgian Crystal, Music
- 32. Allium sativum sativum var. Artichoke • Very vigorous, productive, adaptable • Long storing • Easiest softneck garlic for many to grow • Examples: Early Red Italian, Inchelium Red
- 35. Allium sativum sativum var. Artichoke/Asiatic • Normally produce flower stalks • Large bulbs and cloves without scape removal • Scapes fail to coil • Long, bean‐like capsule • Long storing • Example: Asian Tempest
- 38. Allium sativum sativum var. Artichoke/Turban • Weak bolting, early maturing • Short period of rest, poor storage • Turban‐shaped bulbil capsule • Example: Chinese Purple
- 41. Allium sativum sativum var. Silverskin • Cloves tall and pinkish • Small interior cloves more likely • Bulbs whiter, easier to clean • Longest storing • Examples: Idaho Silverskin, Nootka Rose, Pink Blush
- 44. Allium sativum sativum var. Silverskin/Creole • Bolt weakly, act like ophio • Beautiful bulbs • Sweet tasting and good storing • Least productive for me • Example: Ajo rojo (aka Spanish Rojo)
- 47. Preparation for Planting • Leave bulbs whole until ready to plant • Carefully break wrappers, pop cloves loose • Remove wrapper residue • Leave clove skins in place • Handle with care • Sort for size, larger clove, larger bulb
- 49. Planting • Handled like other hardy bulbs • Planted 6‐8 weeks before ground freezes • Roots in rapidly shoot emerges • Growth commences early in spring • Spring plantings never catch up • Mature in hotter weather
- 50. Spacing • Conventional 36 inch rows – Furrows 3‐4 inches deep – Cloves spaced about 4 inches • Intensive beds – Spaced 6‐8 inches apart each way – Same depth
- 51. Leaf Orientation Predictable • Borne in a single plane • Leaves perpendicular to flat sides of clove • Plant cloves crosswise, leaves in the row • Plant cloves parallel, leaves across row • In row allows mechanical cultivation
- 53. Watering, Mulching • If soil dry at planting, water will speed establishment • Once ground freezes, apply straw or other mulch to avoid freezing and thawing cycles through the winter • Remove mulch when growth commences for real in spring
- 54. Fertilizing • Incorporate amendments, balanced fertilizer before planting • Apply one side dress of high nitrogen in mid‐ April • Apply a second about a month later • Do not fertilize in the last month or six weeks before harvest
- 55. Weeding • Keep weeds under control • Competition will lessen plant growth, result in smaller bulbs • Use caution around base of plants
- 56. Scape removal • Most varieties, 25‐35% increase in bulb size • Allow to mature if fast propagation is desired • Cut while still tender, these are a gourmet item • Left on, may increase keeping quality
- 57. Harvest • When about 4 leaves remain green or wrappers will rot off • Dig to loosen soil, do not pull like onions • Shake soil loose • Allow to dry dirty unless very muddy • If you must wash, dry thoroughly as soon as possible • Keep out of sun once dug
- 60. Curing • Keep out of the sun • Dark, dry, well ventilated • Moderate temperature • Spaced to allow quick drying – Drying racks – Garlands
- 61. Storage • Cool side of room temperature • NOT in the refrigerator – Will mold – Encourages sprouting • Fairly dry • dark
- 62. Cleaning and Preparation • When cured, trim roots (leave on while drying to wick away moisture) • Rub off dirt with outer skin (one layer) • Trim tops unless braided • Take care to leave remaining wrappers whole
- 64. Green Garlic • Plant topsets or small cloves thickly in fall • Harvest before bulbing begins, look like scallions • Chop whole into dishes • Mild, sweet garlic flavor • Favorite of chefs
- 65. Summary • Garlic variable, adaptable crop • Wealth of varieties available • Will grow throughout North America • Can grow types you cannot buy • Especially varieties that do not store/ship well • Experiment, find adapted varieties