Senior High School students at Wadeford School in Kalibo, Aklan, Philippines are the subject of a study investigating the effects of irregular sleep on academic performance. The study found that students often sacrifice sleep for social and academic commitments, resulting in irregular sleep schedules and poor sleep habits. Research shows sleep benefits cognitive functions important for learning and memory. The study aims to identify irregular sleepers and determine what factors most influence academic performance. It analyzes how irregular sleep and associated factors may affect grades over the course of a semester. The conceptual framework uses a sleep quality scale to identify irregular versus regular sleepers and relates this to academic performance measured by semester grades.
To Study or to Sleep The Academic Costs of Extra Studying at TakishaPeck109
To Study or to Sleep? The Academic Costs of Extra Studying at the
Expense of Sleep
Cari Gillen-O’Neel
University of California, Los Angeles
Virginia W. Huynh
California State University, Northridge
Andrew J. Fuligni
University of California, Los Angeles
This longitudinal study examined how nightly variations in adolescents’ study and sleep time are associated
with academic problems on the following day. Participants (N = 535, 9th grade Mage = 14.88) completed daily
diaries every day for 14 days in 9th, 10th, and 12th grades. Results suggest that regardless of how much a stu-
dent generally studies each day, if that student sacrifices sleep time to study more than usual, he or she will
have more trouble understanding material taught in class and be more likely to struggle on an assignment or
test the following day. Because students are increasingly likely to sacrifice sleep time for studying in the latter
years of high school, this negative dynamic becomes increasingly prevalent over time.
Students generally learn best when they keep a con-
sistent study schedule and distribute their study
time evenly across a number of days (e.g., Bahrick
& Phelps, 1987; Dempster & Farris, 1990). Although
this paced learning is ideal, the increasing demands
that high school students face may make such a
consistent schedule infeasible. Socializing with
peers and working for pay, for example, both
increase across the course of high school (Shanahan
& Flaherty, 2001; Wight, Price, Bianchi, & Hunt,
2009). As they advance through high school, adoles-
cents’ academic obligations also intensify and often
require more time and effort (Eccles et al., 1993). As
a result, many high school students end up with
irregular study schedules, often facing nights in
which they need to spend substantially more time
than usual studying or completing school work.
Although these nights of extra studying may
seem necessary, they can come at a cost. When allo-
cating their limited number of hours across a num-
ber of activities, adolescents often make trade-offs,
sacrificing certain activities to make time for others.
Among adolescents, sleep is one activity that is
commonly sacrificed for additional study time
(Adam, Snell, & Pendry, 2007). Indeed, study time
is one of the most significant determinants of high
school students’ sleep time, more so than time spent
with friends or family or time spent using media
(e.g., computers or television; Fuligni & Hardway,
2006). Even adolescents themselves report that too
much homework is a common barrier that prevents
them from getting enough sleep (Noland, Price,
Dake, & Telljohann, 2009). Studying is obviously a
contributor to academic achievement, yet adequate
sleep is also important for academics (Curcio, Ferr-
ara, & De Gennaro, 2006). Thus, it is possible that
nights of extra studying are not as effective as stu-
dents think. In fact, these nights of extra studying
may even be counterproductive because they are
likely to also be ...
1) The study examined relationships between sleep patterns, self-reported academic performance measures, and demographic/lifestyle factors in 50 college students.
2) Results found that lower sleep quality was associated with lower academic performance, with most students reporting less than 8 hours of sleep per night and feeling groggy.
3) Female students had higher GPAs than male students on average, and students were more likely to drop varsity sports as they neared graduation. While some relationships between sleep and academic performance were observed, the hypothesis that less sleep directly causes lower performance was not supported.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the influence of satisfying physiological needs on the academic performance of primary school students in public schools in Eastern Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. The study specifically examined the effects of adequate nutrition, clean water, sleep, and family well-being. It found that providing adequate nutrition, clean water, and meeting family needs positively influenced academic performance. However, the study also noted that while Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides insight, it does not fully explain why some deprived students still perform well academically. The results could help the Ministry of Education improve learning programs in disadvantaged schools.
The relationship of_university_students_sleep_habits_and_academi[1]Ryrinn Azman
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between college students' sleep habits and factors related to their academic motivation. The study found that 42% of students experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. Students with excessive daytime sleepiness tended to be motivated more by a desire to look competent rather than a desire to learn, engaged in more procrastination, and had lower self-efficacy than students who were well-rested. The findings suggest that lack of sleep can negatively impact factors like goal-orientation and self-regulation that are important predictors of academic performance.
The document discusses how lack of sleep can negatively impact students' learning and performance in school. It presents several studies that show moving school start times later can result in students sleeping more and experiencing benefits such as higher test scores, fewer absences, and more time spent on homework. The document advocates aligning school schedules with teenagers' natural circadian rhythms to improve their health, safety, and academic success.
To Study or to Sleep The Academic Costs of Extra Studying at TakishaPeck109
To Study or to Sleep? The Academic Costs of Extra Studying at the
Expense of Sleep
Cari Gillen-O’Neel
University of California, Los Angeles
Virginia W. Huynh
California State University, Northridge
Andrew J. Fuligni
University of California, Los Angeles
This longitudinal study examined how nightly variations in adolescents’ study and sleep time are associated
with academic problems on the following day. Participants (N = 535, 9th grade Mage = 14.88) completed daily
diaries every day for 14 days in 9th, 10th, and 12th grades. Results suggest that regardless of how much a stu-
dent generally studies each day, if that student sacrifices sleep time to study more than usual, he or she will
have more trouble understanding material taught in class and be more likely to struggle on an assignment or
test the following day. Because students are increasingly likely to sacrifice sleep time for studying in the latter
years of high school, this negative dynamic becomes increasingly prevalent over time.
Students generally learn best when they keep a con-
sistent study schedule and distribute their study
time evenly across a number of days (e.g., Bahrick
& Phelps, 1987; Dempster & Farris, 1990). Although
this paced learning is ideal, the increasing demands
that high school students face may make such a
consistent schedule infeasible. Socializing with
peers and working for pay, for example, both
increase across the course of high school (Shanahan
& Flaherty, 2001; Wight, Price, Bianchi, & Hunt,
2009). As they advance through high school, adoles-
cents’ academic obligations also intensify and often
require more time and effort (Eccles et al., 1993). As
a result, many high school students end up with
irregular study schedules, often facing nights in
which they need to spend substantially more time
than usual studying or completing school work.
Although these nights of extra studying may
seem necessary, they can come at a cost. When allo-
cating their limited number of hours across a num-
ber of activities, adolescents often make trade-offs,
sacrificing certain activities to make time for others.
Among adolescents, sleep is one activity that is
commonly sacrificed for additional study time
(Adam, Snell, & Pendry, 2007). Indeed, study time
is one of the most significant determinants of high
school students’ sleep time, more so than time spent
with friends or family or time spent using media
(e.g., computers or television; Fuligni & Hardway,
2006). Even adolescents themselves report that too
much homework is a common barrier that prevents
them from getting enough sleep (Noland, Price,
Dake, & Telljohann, 2009). Studying is obviously a
contributor to academic achievement, yet adequate
sleep is also important for academics (Curcio, Ferr-
ara, & De Gennaro, 2006). Thus, it is possible that
nights of extra studying are not as effective as stu-
dents think. In fact, these nights of extra studying
may even be counterproductive because they are
likely to also be ...
1) The study examined relationships between sleep patterns, self-reported academic performance measures, and demographic/lifestyle factors in 50 college students.
2) Results found that lower sleep quality was associated with lower academic performance, with most students reporting less than 8 hours of sleep per night and feeling groggy.
3) Female students had higher GPAs than male students on average, and students were more likely to drop varsity sports as they neared graduation. While some relationships between sleep and academic performance were observed, the hypothesis that less sleep directly causes lower performance was not supported.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the influence of satisfying physiological needs on the academic performance of primary school students in public schools in Eastern Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. The study specifically examined the effects of adequate nutrition, clean water, sleep, and family well-being. It found that providing adequate nutrition, clean water, and meeting family needs positively influenced academic performance. However, the study also noted that while Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides insight, it does not fully explain why some deprived students still perform well academically. The results could help the Ministry of Education improve learning programs in disadvantaged schools.
The relationship of_university_students_sleep_habits_and_academi[1]Ryrinn Azman
This document summarizes a research study that examined the relationship between college students' sleep habits and factors related to their academic motivation. The study found that 42% of students experienced excessive daytime sleepiness. Students with excessive daytime sleepiness tended to be motivated more by a desire to look competent rather than a desire to learn, engaged in more procrastination, and had lower self-efficacy than students who were well-rested. The findings suggest that lack of sleep can negatively impact factors like goal-orientation and self-regulation that are important predictors of academic performance.
The document discusses how lack of sleep can negatively impact students' learning and performance in school. It presents several studies that show moving school start times later can result in students sleeping more and experiencing benefits such as higher test scores, fewer absences, and more time spent on homework. The document advocates aligning school schedules with teenagers' natural circadian rhythms to improve their health, safety, and academic success.
1. The document discusses a study on the reasons senior high school students at Bangsud Integrated School cut classes. It aims to understand why students skip school and how it affects their studies.
2. Some of the common reasons for cutting classes found by the researchers include peer pressure, thinking they are mature enough to make their own decisions, and finding classes boring.
3. The study uses a qualitative research methodology with a systematic sampling technique and structured questionnaires to gather data from students about their feelings and beliefs regarding cutting classes.
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document reviews literature on factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It summarizes 24 papers and reports from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include transportation issues, parenting responsibilities, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Some theorists see lateness as a personality trait.
2) One study found that 3 out of 60 students were always late due to late-night social media use, while another study found that a middle school's policies inadvertently facilitated chronic lateness.
3) Lateness is disruptive as it interrupts lessons and distracts other students. The document recommends further research to better understand lateness patterns and effective strategies for
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a review of factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It reviewed 24 papers on the topic from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include poor time management, late bedtimes, family issues, cultural differences, illness, lack of consequences for lateness, fatigue, emotional challenges, and logistical issues.
2) Strategies for dealing with lateness discussed in the literature include clearly outlining attendance policies, discussing issues with students, dealing privately with disruptive students, understanding motivations, documenting incidents, and addressing problems immediately.
3) While several factors for lateness were identified, the literature on effective strategies was limited
Jurnal insomnia among medical and paramedical students in jordanRindang Abas
Insomnia is a problem that is common in all societies and age groups. However, its importance is increasing between students especially with the highly competitive and demanding environment surrounding them even after their graduation. In spite of the deep understanding of its health and social consequences, the frequency of insomnia among medical students in Jordan was not determined.
The document discusses several studies on the relationship between school start times and student performance and sleep patterns. One study found that while students woke up earlier in 10th grade, their sleep schedules did not adjust and they experienced more daytime sleepiness. Another study found a correlation between longer total sleep time and higher GPAs, with students getting less sleep reporting lower grades. A third study found that later school start times were associated with less daytime sleepiness in students and fewer tardies or absences.
Schools contribute to unhealthy behaviors in adolescents in three main ways: (1) they do not provide enough physical activity through physical education and recess, (2) they do not emphasize enough importance of sleep through early start times and increased homework, and (3) they promote unhealthy eating through use of technology in lessons which increases calorie and unhealthy food intake. Research shows improving physical activity in schools can positively impact cognitive performance and academic achievement.
The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between perceived stress levels of grade 12 technical vocational students at three points in a semester and the students' academic performance. The results showed that students experienced moderate stress overall, and perceived stress levels were significantly different at the beginning versus middle of the semester but not the middle versus end. Perceived stress at the end of the semester was related to academic performance but stress earlier in the semester was not. Most students reported insufficient sleep and eating problems throughout the semester. The study provides insights into managing student stress to improve academic outcomes.
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of In-School Suspension (ISS) in reducing negative student behaviors. The study examined 6th-8th grade students at a rural middle school who had been assigned ISS during the 2014-2015 school year. Based on the results, ISS in its current form was found to not be an effective method for reducing negative behaviors or recidivism. An overwhelming majority of students receiving ISS were found to be male 7th grade students in regular education, indicating certain groups were disproportionately impacted. The study provides insight into one of the most commonly used forms of school discipline and questions its effectiveness.
Nicole's Final Research.1655634762618.docxShanFernandez4
This document summarizes a research study on the disadvantages of modular learning and how it affects the academic performance of selected grade 12 students in Bato National High School. The study uses a conceptual framework that examines the effects of modular learning, students' mental health conditions, and motivation levels. It aims to determine students' time management, anxiety levels, motivation levels, and how these correlate with academic performance. The study is significant as it can help students, teachers, parents and the school address the issues identified and improve the students' learning experience and performance with modular learning.
This research proposal aims to study the relationship between house anxiety and academic performance among junior high school students. A quantitative research design will be used to survey 103 junior high students about factors of house anxiety and impacts on their grades. Statistical analysis will examine the correlation between anxiety over family issues like income, relationships, and academic results. The researchers hypothesize a link between anxiety levels and performance. Findings could help students, teachers, parents and administrators support struggling youth.
Teacher Education Students Living in Boarding House/DormitoriesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Living inside the campus guarantees all sorts of good facilities will be readily and quickly
access from the gym, dining hall, classrooms, and library. This descriptive research study was aimed to
determine the factors affecting the students who live in the boarding houses/dormitories towards their academic
performance related to their financial; personal and boarding house security and if the gender of the individual
affects the performances of the students who live in the boarding house or dormitories of President Ramon
Magsaysay State University, Iba Campus, Iba, Zambales, A.Y. 2018-2019. Sixty (60) teacher education students
were chosen to be the respondents of the recent researches. The method used in this research study was a
descriptive survey questionnaire. Results revealed that Student –respondents were typically females, Academic
Performance of the student respondents is at the average level. Moderately agree on the financial, personal, and
boarding house factors affecting boarding student respondents. There is no significant difference in the factors
affecting boarding student respondents in terms of sex. There is no significant relationship between factors
affecting the boarding student – respondent in terms of the financial, personal, and boarding house. The result
of the study will be the baseline information that the Electricity supply, potable and running water must be
prioritize by the school administration. Parents should ensure enough allowance given to their children.
Boarding house/dormitories must have enough space for the study area. Conduct another study to deepen the
information provided specifically on focusing boarders privacy .
KEYWORDS : Boarding house, Financial, Personal, Academic Performance, Dormitories
This document discusses several factors that can affect students' academic achievement and experiences in university, including:
1) Teacher-student relationships, with research showing this relationship significantly impacts student success. Effective teaching methods, understanding student perspectives, and providing encouragement and feedback are important.
2) Sleep, as insufficient sleep decreases concentration, attention, and memory retention, hindering academic performance. Many students do not prioritize sleep.
3) Commuting, as long or difficult commutes reduce time available for studying and focus.
4) Working jobs during studies, which mostly impacts non-academic aspects like socializing, according to some research, though it can also strain academic performance.
This study investigated starter activities for SEN students with literacy deficits. Researchers observed lessons with and without greetings/starters and found starters significantly increased engagement. They then observed one SEN class's responses to different subject starters. Questionnaires found students usually enjoyed and understood starters, though some asked for help. Interviews revealed students prefer practical, interactive starters over literacy-focused ones due to preconceptions about their skills. The researchers concluded starters are effective but should consider alternatives to literacy-focused activities for these students to fully engage them.
The Movement Program is a 12-week sequence of progressive movements that was shown to significantly improve reading age, academic performance, and English exam results in students at The Leigh Academy. A longitudinal study from 2004-2013 tested the program on 100 students with low reading levels, finding that the group who did the Movement Program saw a significant gain in reading scores compared to a control group with no intervention. They also showed significant improvements in balance, coordination, and reduction in retained primitive reflexes. Additionally, the students who did the program in Year 7 performed better on their GCSE English exams in Year 11 than predictions, outperforming students who did not do the program.
1) The academic performance of senior high school students is declining due to different stress levels. Stress can negatively impact physical, mental, and academic success.
2) A study found that students reporting higher stress levels had poorer academic performance. Those feeling more anxious about tests performed worse. Those experiencing more negative emotions had lower engagement.
3) The study aims to determine the relationship between stress and academic performance of senior high school students. It seeks to identify stress levels and the factors affecting academic performance. The findings could help students, researchers, parents, and teachers.
This document provides background information on a study examining the effects of incorporating cross-lateral movement patterns into math instruction. It discusses research showing links between physical activity, brain development, and cognition. The study aims to test if including a daily cross-lateral movement routine before math lessons improves 3rd grade students' math accuracy and fluency on weekly timed tests. It outlines the study design, participants, researchers, purpose, research question, definitions of key terms, and rationale for exploring this type of bodily-kinesthetic intervention.
This study endeavoured to establish the characteristics of effective teachers and how these characteristics assisted teachers to improve learner performance. To address this aim, a case study design was employed as a methodology for the study, consisting of five rural schools. A literature study was conducted, alongside semi-structured individual interviews with five school principals and focus group interviews with twenty eight teachers from the same rural schools from where school principals were drawn. The collected data was analysed thematically, by establishing themes and their emerging categories. The established themes and their categories were interpreted and discussed to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study revealed that an effective teacher has a blend of three characteristics, namely, professional characteristics, personality characteristics and social characteristics. The blend of characteristics contribute to the quality of teaching and learning processes. The study recommended that educational practitioners in diversity should be cognisant of the characteristics of effective teachers and nurture them appropriately as these characteristics have a life-transforming effects on the lives of the learners.
This research study examined the influence of self-regulation skills and social competence on the academic achievement of lower primary school pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. The study used a correlational research design and surveyed 418 primary 3 pupils across 9 local government areas using three instruments to measure self-regulation skills, social competence, and academic achievement. The results showed that pupils had low levels of behavioral and verbal self-regulation skills, average levels of emotional self-regulation skills, and overall low levels of self-regulation skills. Pupils showed high levels of social competence. Statistical analysis revealed a significant influence of self-regulation skills and social competence on pupils' academic achievement. The study concluded that social competence had a greater influence on academic achievement compared
Summary of evaluation and research studies on effects of instrumental enrichmentKaryl Haden
I know both this article and the Professional Development Today issue that I am about to upload are longer, however, they do a nice job of describing the Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment program that is the basis of everything that we do at Ascent International Learning Center. Enjoy! Please message me if you have questions.
1. The document discusses a study on the reasons senior high school students at Bangsud Integrated School cut classes. It aims to understand why students skip school and how it affects their studies.
2. Some of the common reasons for cutting classes found by the researchers include peer pressure, thinking they are mature enough to make their own decisions, and finding classes boring.
3. The study uses a qualitative research methodology with a systematic sampling technique and structured questionnaires to gather data from students about their feelings and beliefs regarding cutting classes.
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document reviews literature on factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It summarizes 24 papers and reports from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include transportation issues, parenting responsibilities, low self-esteem, and anxiety. Some theorists see lateness as a personality trait.
2) One study found that 3 out of 60 students were always late due to late-night social media use, while another study found that a middle school's policies inadvertently facilitated chronic lateness.
3) Lateness is disruptive as it interrupts lessons and distracts other students. The document recommends further research to better understand lateness patterns and effective strategies for
A review of factors associated with student’s lateness bahavior and dealing s...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a review of factors associated with student lateness and strategies for dealing with it. It reviewed 24 papers on the topic from 1991-2013. Key findings include:
1) Common factors for student lateness include poor time management, late bedtimes, family issues, cultural differences, illness, lack of consequences for lateness, fatigue, emotional challenges, and logistical issues.
2) Strategies for dealing with lateness discussed in the literature include clearly outlining attendance policies, discussing issues with students, dealing privately with disruptive students, understanding motivations, documenting incidents, and addressing problems immediately.
3) While several factors for lateness were identified, the literature on effective strategies was limited
Jurnal insomnia among medical and paramedical students in jordanRindang Abas
Insomnia is a problem that is common in all societies and age groups. However, its importance is increasing between students especially with the highly competitive and demanding environment surrounding them even after their graduation. In spite of the deep understanding of its health and social consequences, the frequency of insomnia among medical students in Jordan was not determined.
The document discusses several studies on the relationship between school start times and student performance and sleep patterns. One study found that while students woke up earlier in 10th grade, their sleep schedules did not adjust and they experienced more daytime sleepiness. Another study found a correlation between longer total sleep time and higher GPAs, with students getting less sleep reporting lower grades. A third study found that later school start times were associated with less daytime sleepiness in students and fewer tardies or absences.
Schools contribute to unhealthy behaviors in adolescents in three main ways: (1) they do not provide enough physical activity through physical education and recess, (2) they do not emphasize enough importance of sleep through early start times and increased homework, and (3) they promote unhealthy eating through use of technology in lessons which increases calorie and unhealthy food intake. Research shows improving physical activity in schools can positively impact cognitive performance and academic achievement.
The document discusses a study that examined the relationship between perceived stress levels of grade 12 technical vocational students at three points in a semester and the students' academic performance. The results showed that students experienced moderate stress overall, and perceived stress levels were significantly different at the beginning versus middle of the semester but not the middle versus end. Perceived stress at the end of the semester was related to academic performance but stress earlier in the semester was not. Most students reported insufficient sleep and eating problems throughout the semester. The study provides insights into managing student stress to improve academic outcomes.
This document summarizes a study on the effectiveness of In-School Suspension (ISS) in reducing negative student behaviors. The study examined 6th-8th grade students at a rural middle school who had been assigned ISS during the 2014-2015 school year. Based on the results, ISS in its current form was found to not be an effective method for reducing negative behaviors or recidivism. An overwhelming majority of students receiving ISS were found to be male 7th grade students in regular education, indicating certain groups were disproportionately impacted. The study provides insight into one of the most commonly used forms of school discipline and questions its effectiveness.
Nicole's Final Research.1655634762618.docxShanFernandez4
This document summarizes a research study on the disadvantages of modular learning and how it affects the academic performance of selected grade 12 students in Bato National High School. The study uses a conceptual framework that examines the effects of modular learning, students' mental health conditions, and motivation levels. It aims to determine students' time management, anxiety levels, motivation levels, and how these correlate with academic performance. The study is significant as it can help students, teachers, parents and the school address the issues identified and improve the students' learning experience and performance with modular learning.
This research proposal aims to study the relationship between house anxiety and academic performance among junior high school students. A quantitative research design will be used to survey 103 junior high students about factors of house anxiety and impacts on their grades. Statistical analysis will examine the correlation between anxiety over family issues like income, relationships, and academic results. The researchers hypothesize a link between anxiety levels and performance. Findings could help students, teachers, parents and administrators support struggling youth.
Teacher Education Students Living in Boarding House/DormitoriesAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT : Living inside the campus guarantees all sorts of good facilities will be readily and quickly
access from the gym, dining hall, classrooms, and library. This descriptive research study was aimed to
determine the factors affecting the students who live in the boarding houses/dormitories towards their academic
performance related to their financial; personal and boarding house security and if the gender of the individual
affects the performances of the students who live in the boarding house or dormitories of President Ramon
Magsaysay State University, Iba Campus, Iba, Zambales, A.Y. 2018-2019. Sixty (60) teacher education students
were chosen to be the respondents of the recent researches. The method used in this research study was a
descriptive survey questionnaire. Results revealed that Student –respondents were typically females, Academic
Performance of the student respondents is at the average level. Moderately agree on the financial, personal, and
boarding house factors affecting boarding student respondents. There is no significant difference in the factors
affecting boarding student respondents in terms of sex. There is no significant relationship between factors
affecting the boarding student – respondent in terms of the financial, personal, and boarding house. The result
of the study will be the baseline information that the Electricity supply, potable and running water must be
prioritize by the school administration. Parents should ensure enough allowance given to their children.
Boarding house/dormitories must have enough space for the study area. Conduct another study to deepen the
information provided specifically on focusing boarders privacy .
KEYWORDS : Boarding house, Financial, Personal, Academic Performance, Dormitories
This document discusses several factors that can affect students' academic achievement and experiences in university, including:
1) Teacher-student relationships, with research showing this relationship significantly impacts student success. Effective teaching methods, understanding student perspectives, and providing encouragement and feedback are important.
2) Sleep, as insufficient sleep decreases concentration, attention, and memory retention, hindering academic performance. Many students do not prioritize sleep.
3) Commuting, as long or difficult commutes reduce time available for studying and focus.
4) Working jobs during studies, which mostly impacts non-academic aspects like socializing, according to some research, though it can also strain academic performance.
This study investigated starter activities for SEN students with literacy deficits. Researchers observed lessons with and without greetings/starters and found starters significantly increased engagement. They then observed one SEN class's responses to different subject starters. Questionnaires found students usually enjoyed and understood starters, though some asked for help. Interviews revealed students prefer practical, interactive starters over literacy-focused ones due to preconceptions about their skills. The researchers concluded starters are effective but should consider alternatives to literacy-focused activities for these students to fully engage them.
The Movement Program is a 12-week sequence of progressive movements that was shown to significantly improve reading age, academic performance, and English exam results in students at The Leigh Academy. A longitudinal study from 2004-2013 tested the program on 100 students with low reading levels, finding that the group who did the Movement Program saw a significant gain in reading scores compared to a control group with no intervention. They also showed significant improvements in balance, coordination, and reduction in retained primitive reflexes. Additionally, the students who did the program in Year 7 performed better on their GCSE English exams in Year 11 than predictions, outperforming students who did not do the program.
1) The academic performance of senior high school students is declining due to different stress levels. Stress can negatively impact physical, mental, and academic success.
2) A study found that students reporting higher stress levels had poorer academic performance. Those feeling more anxious about tests performed worse. Those experiencing more negative emotions had lower engagement.
3) The study aims to determine the relationship between stress and academic performance of senior high school students. It seeks to identify stress levels and the factors affecting academic performance. The findings could help students, researchers, parents, and teachers.
This document provides background information on a study examining the effects of incorporating cross-lateral movement patterns into math instruction. It discusses research showing links between physical activity, brain development, and cognition. The study aims to test if including a daily cross-lateral movement routine before math lessons improves 3rd grade students' math accuracy and fluency on weekly timed tests. It outlines the study design, participants, researchers, purpose, research question, definitions of key terms, and rationale for exploring this type of bodily-kinesthetic intervention.
This study endeavoured to establish the characteristics of effective teachers and how these characteristics assisted teachers to improve learner performance. To address this aim, a case study design was employed as a methodology for the study, consisting of five rural schools. A literature study was conducted, alongside semi-structured individual interviews with five school principals and focus group interviews with twenty eight teachers from the same rural schools from where school principals were drawn. The collected data was analysed thematically, by establishing themes and their emerging categories. The established themes and their categories were interpreted and discussed to answer the research questions. The major findings of the study revealed that an effective teacher has a blend of three characteristics, namely, professional characteristics, personality characteristics and social characteristics. The blend of characteristics contribute to the quality of teaching and learning processes. The study recommended that educational practitioners in diversity should be cognisant of the characteristics of effective teachers and nurture them appropriately as these characteristics have a life-transforming effects on the lives of the learners.
This research study examined the influence of self-regulation skills and social competence on the academic achievement of lower primary school pupils in Osun State, Nigeria. The study used a correlational research design and surveyed 418 primary 3 pupils across 9 local government areas using three instruments to measure self-regulation skills, social competence, and academic achievement. The results showed that pupils had low levels of behavioral and verbal self-regulation skills, average levels of emotional self-regulation skills, and overall low levels of self-regulation skills. Pupils showed high levels of social competence. Statistical analysis revealed a significant influence of self-regulation skills and social competence on pupils' academic achievement. The study concluded that social competence had a greater influence on academic achievement compared
Summary of evaluation and research studies on effects of instrumental enrichmentKaryl Haden
I know both this article and the Professional Development Today issue that I am about to upload are longer, however, they do a nice job of describing the Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment program that is the basis of everything that we do at Ascent International Learning Center. Enjoy! Please message me if you have questions.
We recently hosted the much-anticipated Community Skill Builders Workshop during our June online meeting. This event was a culmination of six months of listening to your feedback and crafting solutions to better support your PMI journey. Here’s a look back at what happened and the exciting developments that emerged from our collaborative efforts.
A Gathering of Minds
We were thrilled to see a diverse group of attendees, including local certified PMI trainers and both new and experienced members eager to contribute their perspectives. The workshop was structured into three dynamic discussion sessions, each led by our dedicated membership advocates.
Key Takeaways and Future Directions
The insights and feedback gathered from these discussions were invaluable. Here are some of the key takeaways and the steps we are taking to address them:
• Enhanced Resource Accessibility: We are working on a new, user-friendly resource page that will make it easier for members to access training materials and real-world application guides.
• Structured Mentorship Program: Plans are underway to launch a mentorship program that will connect members with experienced professionals for guidance and support.
• Increased Networking Opportunities: Expect to see more frequent and varied networking events, both virtual and in-person, to help you build connections and foster a sense of community.
Moving Forward
We are committed to turning your feedback into actionable solutions that enhance your PMI journey. This workshop was just the beginning. By actively participating and sharing your experiences, you have helped shape the future of our Chapter’s offerings.
Thank you to everyone who attended and contributed to the success of the Community Skill Builders Workshop. Your engagement and enthusiasm are what make our Chapter strong and vibrant. Stay tuned for updates on the new initiatives and opportunities to get involved. Together, we are building a community that supports and empowers each other on our PMI journeys.
Stay connected, stay engaged, and let’s continue to grow together!
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For more, visit pmissc.org.
Parabolic antenna alignment system with Real-Time Angle Position FeedbackStevenPatrick17
Introduction
Parabolic antennas are a crucial component in many communication systems, including satellite communications, radio telescopes, and television broadcasting. Ensuring these antennas are properly aligned is vital for optimal performance and signal strength. A parabolic antenna alignment system, equipped with real-time angle position feedback and fault tracking, is designed to address this need. This document delves into the components, design, and implementation of such a system, highlighting its significance and applications.
Importance of Parabolic Antenna Alignment
The alignment of a parabolic antenna directly affects its performance. Even minor misalignments can lead to significant signal loss, which can degrade the quality of the received signal or cause communication failures. Proper alignment ensures that the antenna's focal point is accurately directed toward the signal source, maximizing the antenna's gain and efficiency. This precision is especially crucial in applications like satellite communications, where the antenna must track geostationary satellites with high accuracy.
Components of a Parabolic Antenna Alignment System
A parabolic antenna alignment system typically includes the following components:
Parabolic Dish: The primary reflector that collects and focuses incoming signals.
Feedhorn and Low Noise Block (LNB): Positioned at the dish's focal point to receive signals.
Stepper or Servo Motors: Adjust the azimuth (horizontal) and elevation (vertical) angles of the antenna.
Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi): Processes sensor data and controls the motors.
Potentiometers: Provide feedback on the antenna's current angle positions.
Fault Detection Sensors: Monitor for potential faults such as cable discontinuities or LNB failures.
Control Software: Runs on the microcontroller, handling real-time processing and decision-making.
Real-Time Angle Position Feedback
Real-time feedback on the antenna's angle position is essential for maintaining precise alignment. This feedback is typically provided by potentiometers or rotary encoders, which continuously monitor the azimuth and elevation angles. The microcontroller reads this data and adjusts the motors accordingly to keep the antenna aligned with the signal source.
Fault Tracking in Antenna Alignment Systems
Fault tracking is vital for the reliability and performance of the antenna system. Common faults include cable discontinuities, LNB malfunctions, and motor failures. Sensors integrated into the system can detect these faults and either notify the user or initiate corrective actions automatically.
Design and Implementation
1. Parabolic Dish and Feedhorn
The parabolic dish is designed to reflect incoming signals to a focal point where the feedhorn and LNB are located. The dish's size and shape depend on the specific application and frequency range.
2. Motors and Position Control
Stepper motors or servo motors are used to control the azimuth and elevation of
Khushi Saini, An Intern from The Sparks Foundationkhushisaini0924
This is my first task as an Talent Acquisition(Human resources) Intern in The Sparks Foundation on Recruitment, article and posts.
I invitr everyone to look into my work and provide me a quick feedback.
1. 1
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Republic of the Philippines
Western Visayas
WADEFORD SCHOOL
Kalibo, Aklan
Irregular Sleep Affecting the First Semester’s Academic Performance of
Wadeford SHS Students
Karl Christian J. Canlas
Divine R. Dela Cruz
Karlo D. Inan
Leowench Paul B. Tungala
Princess Hyacinth Hope V. Viray
Jeanelyn F. Oquendo
Samantha Guilian N. Zaulda
Grade 12 - Cecilians
Mr. Aljune R. Cadag
February 28, 2023
2. 2
Chapter I
Introduction
Sleep is an essential part of daily living, and we all know that a person should sleep for at
least seven (7) to nine (9) hours every day. Students report significantly fewer total hours of
sleep each night than the daily-recommended amount, for their age group, to promote normal
cognitive functioning (Orzech, Salafsky, & Hamilton, 2011). Students tend to sacrifice sleep to
participate in social and academic commitments contributing to constantly changing sleep
routines and poor sleeping habits (Orzech, Salafsky, & Hamilton, 2011). The primary cause of a
person's lack of sleep is their employment, duties, commitments, and so on. Sleep benefits all
cognitive functions in the human body, including memory, learning, decision making, and critical
thinking. This proves that sleep is a vital facet of human existence that is vital to learning
and memory (Vilalobos et al. 2017). Moreover, it proves that sleep is a vital part of human
existence and it is a requirement to perceive healthy sleeping hygiene especially for a student's
academic achievement.
Understanding the impact of irregular sleep on academic performance would help
students realize the necessity of sleep, especially for maintaining high academic performance.
The researcher's objective in this study is to identify irregular sleepers in Senior High School at
Wadeford School while also finding the significant major variable affecting their academic
performance. Furthermore, despite their many tasks and sufferings, this research intends to
examine, encourage, and enhance sleeping hygiene.
3. 3
Background of the Study
Sleep is one of several critical to cognitive restoration. It affects memory consolidation,
learning, and information processing (e.g., Lavie, 1996; Li Deming et al., 1991; Ramos Pláton,
1996). Sygaco (2021) states that because of the addition of Senior High School, it becomes an
overwhelming situation for grade 12 students, who are bombarded with an overload of academic
tasks such as assignments, product making, practices, and other activities that comprise a larger
portion of their grade. Also, Raley, et al. (2016) discuss on how the academic demands change
throughout the semester, with final exams and other various course requirements due toward the
end of the semester and suggested that university students may need continued education and
reminders, to practice healthy hygiene toward the end of the semester when academic demand is
increased. In line with this, there are numerous negative consequences when teenagers do not get
enough sleep. Students may be aware of some of these hazards, but with their attention focused
on navigating the rigors of the curriculum, few are conscious of their sleep hygiene and how it
may impair their learning and, ultimately, academic success.
As a result, if these students continue to have irregular sleeping habits, their academic
performance and well-being may suffer. However, Naber (2016) states that there is a lack of
knowledge of very simple modifications in sleep hygiene to improve the quality of sleep in
university students, and subsequently, their overall academic performance. Additionally, in a
systematic review, the authors could not establish a cause and effect relationship between sleep
quality and academic performance (Duarte et al, 2014). There are so many negative outcomes
when teenagers do not get the required amount of sleep. Thus, they must be aware of the
consequences and understand the dangers they are facing (Anna S. Urrila et al., 2017; Ahmed S
BaHammam et al., 2012).
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Therefore, identifying the factors that contribute to irregular sleep influencing academic
performance of Wadeford School SHS students may give a solution and may appraise which
portions of a student's daily routine should be altered. This study is aimed to assess and identify
irregular sleepers of SHS Students of Wadeford School in the last month of the semester. In
contrast, this also determines which factors have a major influence on the academic performance
of Senior High School Students who sleep infrequently. By determining the repercussions of
irregular sleep and objectively examining the underlying variables, this may drive and assess
readers to always get enough sleep and develop healthy sleeping hygiene despite their busy
schedule.
Setting of the Study
This research study is intended to conduct and take place at Wadeford School, a Private
Catholic School which is located in Sitio Kamanggahan, Pook, Kalibo, Aklan. The researchers
locale their study on the said school because it is the closest one to the researchers. Also,
gathering of needed data is easier and more convenient since respondents can be easily
conducted. The result of the study is only for and applicable for the said respondents of the study.
Moreover, the researchers decided upon conducting the research in Wadeford School to identify
the students who sleep irregularly and further investigate the major factor of irregular sleep
affecting the 1st semester’s academic performance of the students.
Figure 1 illustrates the map and the campus of Wadeford School.
5. 5
Figure 1. Locale of the Study
Conceptual Framework
Figure 2. Conceptualized Irregular Sleep affecting the Academic Performance of Students
The interactions of these theoretical positions in a theoretical situation Figure 2 indicates
the context for this analysis. Using the PSQI’s instruments developed by Buysse,D.J.,
Reynolds,C.F., Monk,T.H., Berman,S.R., & Kupfer,D.J., its seven areas of components will be
used to determine the students who sleep irregularly. It is used to measure the quality and
6. 6
patterns of sleep in adults which can differentiate “poor” to “good” sleep which can be either
irregular or regular sleepers. With the focus on irregular sleepers, their academic performance
will determine according to their Semester Final Grade which can be categorized as either poor
or bad academic performance.
Statement of the Problem
The study is conducted to identify Irregular Sleepers and see what major factors influence
the First Semester’s Academic Performance of Waderford SHS Students.
Specifically, the study seeks answers to the following questions:
1. How do contributing factors influence the students' irregularity of sleep?
2. How do associated factors influence students' irregular sleeping habits and academic
performance throughout the semester?
3. How does the irregularity of sleep affect the academic performance of the students?
Hypotheses of the study
Alternative Hypothesis
Senior High School Students who sleep irregularly do affect their academic performance
throughout the semester.
Null Hypothesis
Senior High School Students who sleep irregularly don't affect their academic
performance throughout the semester.
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The significance of the study
This study will tremendously benefit the readers as they will be more aware and educated
about the factors that lead to irregular sleep and how it affects academic performance, and
everyone will have a better grasp of how to regulate and maintain healthy sleeping habits.
Additionally, it will offer information on the individuals around them who are sleeping
irregularly and how it impacts their academic performance. In such a situation, students will
contribute to the development and perception of a healthy sleeping schedule and quality.
Furthermore, the findings of this study could be used as future reference material and benefit
future researchers who would like to conduct a similar study on the association between irregular
sleep and student academic performance.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The main scope of this study is to quantitatively evaluate and detect irregular sleepers
among SHS students at Wadeford School. In line with this, the study makes an effort to
objectively and quantitatively assess the factors that contribute to the students' first semester
academic performance that is being affected by irregular sleep patterns. Due to changes in
academic demands throughout the semester, this study also aims to give better explanations on
how to control and establish healthy sleeping habits.
Furthermore, this study delimits on how these contributing factors interrelate the Senior
High School students' irregular sleeping patterns and academic performance over the course of
the first semester. This study will also make an effort to support other studies as it indicates
encouraging the students to practice good sleeping habits as the semester comes to an end and
the academic demands are increased.
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The data will be collected using surveys and questionnaires, which the researchers will
carefully prepare and create, validated by a group of experts. Since Senior High School is
Wadeford School's highest level of instruction, these teenagers, as opposed to those in lower
levels, are primarily dealing with these kinds of academic demands and responsibilities. As a
result, the study's target population and responses will be all the Senior High School students of
the Wadeford School who can actively participate in it. Every component of a student's personal
data regarding the contributing variables associated with their irregular sleep pattern that could
influence their academic performance throughout the first semester is taken into account in this
study.
The research study consists of following questions during the past month only, meaning
only the last month of first semester for academic year 2022-2023 at Wadeford School is only
measured.
Definition of Key Terms
For better comprehension of this research study, conceptually and practically, the
following words were defined as applied to the study:
Sleep
It is a bodily and mental state that normally lasts for many hours every night and is
characterized by the closing of the eyes, relaxation of the muscles supporting the spine, changed
brain activity, and practically suspended awareness of the surroundings.
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Teenagers
These are the people who are between 13 and 19 years old that are also known as “teens”.
Irregular sleep
It is defined as without any sort of real schedule of sleep.
Academic performance
The degree to which a student has achieved either short- or long-term educational goals,
as determined by either continuous assessment or cumulative grade point average.
Sleeping pattern
A person's napping habits, bedtime, and wake-up schedule. The frequency and length of
sleep disruptions may also be included in the sleep pattern.
Academic demand
It characterizes the activities that take place in schools, colleges, and universities,
particularly those that entail learning.
Affect
It is defined as the influence and causes of things or something to change.
10. 10
Circadian rhythm
It is also known as a circadian cycle, is a natural, internal mechanism that governs the
sleep-wake cycle and occurs about once every 24 hours.
Homeostatic Sleep Drive
It is a pressure for sleep that builds up in our bodies, which is a process that increases
your urge to sleep during the day.
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Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
The primary focus of this chapter is a presentation of literature works from both foreign
and local, and other researches that have significant effects on the research’s variables . As this
study is conducted and concentrated on evaluating and identifying the irregular sleepers among
the Wadeford School Senior High School students, as well as to quantitatively assess the
variables that contribute to the SHS student’s academic performance in the first semester that is
being affected by the irregular sleep patterns.
I. Foreign Literature
A. Related Literature
According to Fonseca and Genzel (2020), sleep is essential for cognitive functioning, and
that how good our sleep is depends not only on the length and quality, but also on the timing
relative to our natural sleep onsets. If sleep is not properly maintained, it can have negative
effects on the body physiologically, psychologically, and cognitively, that is linked to the
academic performance of the students. Concerning the factors of irregular sleep, it is important
to understand why proper sleep quality and pattern is required.
This literature review will be divided into three categories related to sleep irregularity: (1)
physiological and psychological health (2) proper sleep hygiene (3) cognitive health and
academic performance. This will focus on the physiological and psychological health which
12. 12
influence the performance of the students academically, and how to control and establish proper
sleep hygiene, and lastly, on the cognitive health relating to academic performance.
High grade level Students report much lower sleep quality than the general population,
including irregular sleep cycles and sleep deprivation. Additionally, compared to the general
population, they experience more daytime tiredness. The amount of sleep that students report
getting each night is also much less than the amount that is daily advised for their age group to
support good cognitive functioning. Students frequently forgo sleep in favor of social and
academic obligations, which results in irregular sleep schedules and bad sleeping habits. The
normal university student's life may be impacted by all of these things, including their mood,
immune system, and even their usage of drugs (Orzech, Salafsky, & Hamilton, 2011).
Although adolescents spend a significant amount of time learning and developing their
education, Shochat et al. (2014) argue that there is a significant research vacuum about how sleep
affects academic functioning and performance. The academic performance of students and the
quality of their sleep have been linked, according to studies by Chen et al. (2014), Hershner and
Chervin (2014), and Brown et al. (2006). By delaying the body's normal circadian rhythm and
homeostatic sleep drive, Milner and Cote (2008) and Gomes et al. (2011) address how sleep
schedule irregularity and napping can impair students' quality of sleep.
Cognitive Behavior was used for insomnia to assess irregular sleep patterns. Irregular
sleep schedules are highly prevalent among students and the consequences can result in lower
grade point averages, increased risk of academic failure and compromised learning indicates that
academic-related stress can reduce motivation and the impact on students’ learning capacity and
mental health problems. In order to combat the effects of irregular sleep on one’s physiological
health, napping for a short period of time and early in the day can be used to maintain optimal
13. 13
brain function. Management of sleep is important, as it improves sleep quality. Therefore, poor
lifestyle behaviors can influence sleep quality and ultimately reduce academic performance.
The study had several findings, although better performance and grades were correlated
with improved quality of sleep that was longer in duration, better sleep consistency has resulted
in much higher and better grades. The relationship between proper sleep pattern and academic
performance can also be limited by factors such as stress, anxiety, responsibilities, and
motivation that can affect sleep hygiene, specifically on how it affects the overall health that
influences the academic performance of the students. They examined the relationship between
sleep regularity, sleep duration, distribution of sleep across the day, and academic performance
during one semester. The results indicated that going to sleep and waking up at approximately
the same time is as important as the number of hours students slept. Students with more regular
sleep patterns had better school grades on average. Interestingly, researchers found no significant
difference in average amount of time students slept, but it was the student's body clock.
For instance, duration of sleep the night prior to an examination was associated with
academic performance as measured by course grades and semester GPA. According to some
research, this finding is consistent among students who reported sleeping for longer durations
obtaining higher scores on examinations, as well as a study that found sleep behaviors to be
associated with IQ measures and academic performance. In addition, neurophysiologic studies
show that sleep ensures adequate function of the prefrontal cortex, which executes higher brain
functions including language, working memory, logical reasoning, and creativity.
According to H. Raza, the author of the book “Developing Regular Sleep Pattern”,
sleeping patterns have a significant effect on people’s everyday lives and day to day activities as
the desired sleep time approaches, to maintain a comfortable sleep environment. The amount of
14. 14
sleep that a student gets is one of the strongest predictors of academic success. Stop Losing
Sleep: Establish Healthy Sleep Patterns to Improve Your Health, a book by author K. Richards,
claims that certain behaviors or hobbies have been identified as being harmful to regular sleep.
These "inadequate sleep hygiene" behaviors include irregular sleep schedules, frequent or
prolonged daytime naps, and staying on one's bed for non-sleep-related activities.According to
Brown et al. (2006), improving students' sleeping patterns can help reverse the lack of
understanding about the actions and lifestyle decisions that either prevent or encourage sleep. A
sleep education program should be undertaken, according to Hershner and Chervin (2014) and
Brown et al. (2006), in order to enhance students' sleeping hygiene and habits.
II. Local Literature
A. Related Literature
According to Sygaco (2021), in order to reduce sleep debt, one must practice time
management, set goals, and a relaxing setting for resting and less time spent on social media. The
research concludes that there is no connection between academic performance and sleep
performance. The two extra years of senior high school In the Philippine educational system,
school is eventually a challenging circumstance for 12th graders. As they are overloaded with
academic material tasks like homework, product creation, techniques, as well as other actions
that make up a greater percentage of their grade.
Zeek et al. (2015) found that when students only obtain six hours of sleep per day,
cognitive capacity frequently deteriorates. According to Okano et al. (2019), teenagers and
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young adults who stay up late are hampered by their rigid morning schedules and erratic sleep
patterns. Teenagers in college do worse because of more significant sleep unpredictability
(Sygaco, 2021).
Sleep has an integral role in learning and memory consolidation as it affects the
performances of the students academically. According to Dr. Anis Rehman and Danielle Pacheco
of the Sleep Foundation, they define sleep issues as conditions that impact a person's ability to
function while awake as well as the duration and quality of their sleep (Ballesteros et al., 2021).
It is well acknowledged that there is a reciprocal relationship between sleep and overall health,
including physical and mental health: lack of sleep can lead to poor overall health, while stress
can cause sleeping patterns to become disrupted (Ballesteros et al., 2021). (Because it influences
how well students function academically, sleep is essential for learning and memory
consolidation. Sleep difficulties are conditions that affect a person's capacity to function while
awake as well as the quantity and quality of their sleep, according to Dr. Anis Rehman and
Danielle Pacheco of the Sleep Foundation (Ballesteros et al., 2021). It is widely accepted that
there is a reciprocal relationship between sleep and overall health, including both physical and
mental health: insufficient sleep can result in poor overall health, while stress can disturb
sleeping patterns (Ballesteros et al., 2021).
According to Jorge II et al. (2020), it has been discovered that there is no discernible
difference in academic performance between individuals who are overly sleepy and those who
are not considering the relationship between sleepiness and performance in school. Academic
performance and the amount of hours slept at night were significantly positively correlated.
According to this, getting a lot of sleep at night is linked to doing well in school (Toyong, 2020).
16. 16
According to Ballesteros et al. (2021), the term "sleep hygiene" refers to routines
followed during the day or shortly before bed that foster the best environment for restful sleep.
Policy makers, school administrators, and teachers may utilize the implications as a starting point
for instructing kids and parents on how to properly use mobile phones and other technology. The
usage of mobile phones must be limited, and the parents must establish guidelines on bedtime or
lights-out. A schedule or time for sleeping must be enforced. To ensure that students reach high
academic standards, teachers and school administrators must create a well-thought-out policy for
the distribution of assignments and homework (Toyong, 2020). The same goes for determining
which aspects of a student's daily schedule should change: recognizing the fundamental reasons
for their irregular sleep will provide a remedy (Sygaco, 2021). Teenagers who are aware of the
variables regarding sleep irregularity can be more motivated to control and establish healthy
sleeping hygiene despite their hectic schedules.
17. 17
Chapter III
Methodology
Introduction
This chapter will be accumulated for the frameworks of the methods to be used in the
research study and how it will be conducted. It includes the instruments that will be used,
respondents of the study, procedures of gathering the data, sampling techniques, and the
methods to be used for interpreting the gathered data. On this, it allows the readers to gain
insight into how the researchers measure the reliability of this study.
Research Methodology
The researchers will be utilizing the use of survey research approaches for the aim of its
purpose. In this research, two kinds of surveys will be used which will determine irregular
Sleepers through the use of PSQI instruments and other questionnaires will be used to measure
academic performance of the students who sleep irregularly. Furthermore, the survey research
design will be used to gather data through a survey form which will be distributed personally for
face-to-face learners, and the responses from the students will be used to support the study.
Subjects/Respondents of the Study
The survey will be distributed to each student in each grade level and academic strands in
the Senior High School Department of Wadeford School. Considering that the locale offers both
online and face-to-face learning methods, the research just mainly focused with their
co-face-to-face learners. The number of participants will consist of Grade 11 students, consisting
18. 18
of following strands; ABM, Arts and Design, GAS, HUMSS, and STEM. And in Grade 12, it
consists of Arts and Design, GAS, and STEM strands. The students who can actively participate
in the study will be used to support the study by gathering their data on identifying their sleep
pattern while knowing the major variable affecting the academic performance of the students
who sleep irregularly.
Sampling technique
In this study, total population sampling will be used. Total population sampling is a
type of purposive sampling technique where we choose to examine the whole or entire
population to determine the irregular sleepers in a particular set of characteristics. This study will
therefore have respondents and will be distributed to the whole population of the Senior High
School Department, grades 11 and 12 which consists of different strands.
Research Instruments
In this study, the researchers will be using The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),
which is a is an instrument created by Buysse,D.J., Reynolds,C.F., Monk,T.H., Berman,S.R., &
Kupfer,D.J. It is an effective instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in
adults. It can categorize the irregular and regular sleepers by measuring seven domains:
subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep
disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction over the last month. The results
of the questionnaire will serve as a reference if the students sleep regularly or irregularly that will
accomplish the researchers’ objectives in identifying who sleeps irregularly and see the major
variables affecting their academic performance. Moreover, another survey will be distributed by
19. 19
researchers to those categorized as irregular sleepers which includes the collection of personal
identification that will remain confidential for students which includes their names, age, year
level, and their academic track/strand. Their final rating also for the 1st semester will be asked
and will be used to measure their academic performance according to their final grade and for
academic evaluation purposes.
Procedures of Gathering Data
The procedures for gathering the data will contain 6 stages;
1. Stage I - Researchers find a validated questionnaire to identify the irregular
sleepers.
2. Stage II - The questionnaire will then be translated by the researcher in different
forms for academic evaluation and to measure the quality of sleep which the
survey can easily comprehend.
3. Stage III - Collect the names for face-to-face learners..
4. Stage IV - Distribute the survey form to the respondents.
5. Stage V - Wait and collect their responses.
6. Stage VI - And lastly, analyze the data from the accumulated survey responses of
the students.
Statistical Treatment of Data
To interpret the accumulated data, researchers will use the following;
1. In scoring the PSQI, seven component scores are derived, each scored 0 (no difficulty) to
3 (severe difficulty). The component scores are summed to produce a global score (range
20. 20
0 to 21). Higher scores indicate irregular sleepers. Moreover, to measure the academic
performance, the semester's final grade of the students who sleeps irregularly will be used
which is broken down into three categories: Semester Final Grade of 95 higher (Excellent
Performance), Semester Final Grade of 90 to 95 (Good Performance), Final Grade of 84
to 89 (Moderate Performance)
2. Each component of survey responses will use a percentage to determine which major
variable contributes to the irregularity of sleep affecting the 1st academic performance of
the SHS students.
21. 21
REFERENCES:
Buysee, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (n.d.).
https://www.psychiatry.pitt.edu/sites/default/files/inline-files/PSQI%20Article.pdf
Herrera, D. (n.d.). Effect of Stress on Academic Performance of Students. BohatALA.com.
https://bohatala.com/effect-of-stress-on-academic-performance-of-students/
Jorge II, M. P. P. C., Villalobos, R. E. M., & Nunal, J. C. C. (2020). A Descriptive Study on the
Sleeping Habits and Correlation of Sleepiness withAcademic Performance in a State
University-run Medical School in the Philippines.
Raley, H., Naber, J., Cross, S., & Perlow, M. (2016). The Impact of Duration of Sleep on
Academic Performance in University Students.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331067054_The_Impact_of_Duration_of_Sleep
_on_Academic_Performance_in_University_Students
Regala, J., Huelgas, K., & Fortes, N. (2021). Woke Up Like This: about the Filipino experience
of sleep problems. https://mentalhealthph.org/09-20/
Toyong, P. J. A. (2020). Sleeping Habits, Classroom Behaviour and Academic Performance of
Senior High School Students. Philippine E-Journals.
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=16847
Valdes, M., Rios, D., Rocha, A., & Rodriquez, K. (2021). Sleep Irregularity and Academic
Performance. The Journal of the Association of Schools and Colleges of Optometry.
https://journal.opted.org/article/sleep-irregularity-and-academic-performance/#:~:text=Po
or%20quality%20sleep%20among%20college,inattentiveness%20and%20poor%20acade
mic%20performance