G20 submit 2023

2. ABOUT G20
• THE G20 IS AN INFORMAL GROUP OF 19 COUNTRIES AND THE EUROPEAN
UNION.
• IT HAS REPRESENTATIVES OF THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND
THE WORLD BANK.
• THE G20 MEMBERSHIP COMPRISES A MIX OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST
ADVANCED AND EMERGING ECONOMIES
• IT REPRESENTS ABOUT TWO-THIRDS OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION, 85% OF
GLOBAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, 80% OF GLOBAL INVESTMENT AND
OVER 75% OF GLOBAL TRADE.

3. WHY IT STARTED?
1997-1999 ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS:
• THIS WAS A MINISTERIAL-LEVEL FORUM WHICH EMERGED AFTER G7 INVITED BOTH
DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMIES.
• THE FINANCE MINISTERS AND CENTRAL BANK GOVERNORS BEGAN MEETING IN 1999.
AMID 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS:
• THE WORLD SAW THE NEED FOR A NEW CONSENSUS BUILDING AT THE HIGHEST POLITICAL
LEVEL.
• IT WAS DECIDED THAT THE G20 LEADERS WOULD BEGIN MEETING ONCE ANNUALLY.
• TO HELP PREPARE THESE SUMMITS, THE G20 FINANCE MINISTERS AND CENTRAL BANK
GOVERNORS CONTINUE TO MEET ON THEIR OWN TWICE A YEAR. THEY MEET AT THE SAME
TIME AS THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND THE WORLD BANK.

4. HOW G20 WORKS?
THE WORK OF G20 IS DIVIDED INTO TWO TRACKS:
THE FINANCE TRACK
IT COMPRISES ALL MEETINGS WITH G20 FINANCE MINISTERS AND CENTRAL BANK
GOVERNORS AND THEIR DEPUTIES. MEETING SEVERAL TIMES THROUGHOUT THE
YEAR THEY FOCUS ON MONETARY AND FISCAL ISSUES, FINANCIAL REGULATIONS,
ETC.
THE SHERPA TRACK
IT FOCUSES ON BROADER ISSUES SUCH AS POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT, ANTI-
CORRUPTION, DEVELOPMENT, ENERGY, ETC. EACH G20 COUNTRY IS REPRESENTED
BY ITS SHERPA; WHO PLANS, GUIDES, IMPLEMENTS, ETC. ON BEHALF OF THE
LEADER OF THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTRY. (INDIAN SHERPA, AT THE G20 IN
ARGENTINA, 2018 WAS SHRI SHAKTI KANTA DAS)

5. G20 MEMBERS
THE MEMBERS OF THE G20 ARE ARGENTINA,
AUSTRALIA, BRAZIL, CANADA, CHINA, FRANCE,
GERMANY, INDIA, INDONESIA, ITALY, JAPAN, REPUBLIC
OF KOREA, MEXICO, RUSSIA, SAUDI ARABIA, SOUTH
AFRICA, TURKEY, THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE UNITED
STATES, AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.
SPAIN AS A PERMANENT, NON-MEMBER INVITEE, ALSO
ATTENDS LEADER SUMMITS.

6. ONE EARTH . ONE FAMILY . ONE
FUTURE

7. G20 UNDER INDIA’S PRESIDENCY, FOCUSES ON:
• GREEN DEVELOPMENT, CLIMATE FINANCE & LIFE.
• ACCELERATED, INCLUSIVE & RESILIENT GROWTH.
• ACCELERATING PROGRESS ON SDGS.
• TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION & DIGITAL PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE.
• MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY.
• WOMEN-LED DEVELOPMENT

8. MAJOR OUTCOMES
FROM THE G20 2023

9. INCLUSION OF THE AFRICAN UNION
• THE 55-MEMBER AFRICAN UNION (AU) WAS FORMALLY MADE PERMANENT MEMBER OF
THE G20, ON PAR WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION, IN ORDER TO MAKE THE GROUPING MORE
REPRESENTATIVE.
• UNTIL NOW ONLY SOUTH AFRICA WAS A MEMBER OF THE G20.
• THE ENTRY OF THE AU WOULD PROVIDE GREATER VOICE TO THE GLOBAL SOUTH WITHIN
THE G20 WHERE THE G7 COUNTRIES HAVE LONG PLAYED A DOMINANT ROLE.
• THE MOVE ALSO CAME AFTER THE BRICS WAS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE SAUDI ARABIAAND
IRAN AMONG OTHER NATIONS WHICH WAS SEEN AS AN ATTEMPT BY BEIJING TO MAKE IT A
POSSIBLE ALTERNATE TO THE G20.

10. INDIA-MIDDLE EAST-EUROPE ECONOMIC
CORRIDOR.
• INDIA, THE US, THE UAE, SAUDI ARABIA, FRANCE, GERMANY, ITALY, AND THE
EUROPEAN UNION JOINTLY SIGNED A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) TO
ESTABLISH THE INDIA-MIDDLE EAST-EUROPE ECONOMIC CORRIDOR (IMEE-EC).
• THE CORRIDOR WILL INCLUDE A SET OF RAILAND PORTS LINKS BETWEEN THE MIDDLE
EAST AND SOUTH ASIA AND EVENTUALLY TO EUROPE.
• THIS CORRIDOR AIMS TO FOSTER ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND CONNECT ASIA WITH
EUROPE, PRESENTING A STRATEGIC CHALLENGE TO CHINA’S BELT AND ROAD
INITIATIVE.
• IT IS PART OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR GLOBAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT (PGII),
WHICH IS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT BY G7 NATIONS TO FUND INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING NATIONS.

11. GLOBAL BIOFUELS ALLIANCE.
• PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI ANNOUNCED THE LAUNCH OF THE GLOBAL
BIOFUELS ALLIANCE (GBA).
• NINETEEN COUNTRIES AND TWELVE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS, INCLUDING
BOTH G20 MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS, HAVE AGREED TO JOIN THIS ALLIANCE.
• INDIA, BRAZIL, AND THE US ARE THE ALLIANCE’S FOUNDING MEMBERS.
• GBAAIMS TO SERVE AS A CATALYTIC PLATFORM, FOSTERING GLOBAL
COLLABORATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT AND WIDESPREAD ADOPTION OF BIOFUELS.
• THE ALLIANCE WILLALSO ACT AS A CENTRAL REPOSITORY OF KNOWLEDGE AND AN
EXPERT HUB.

12. ‘DIFFERENT VIEWS’ ON UKRAINE
• DURING THE G20 SUMMIT, LEADERS HAD DIFFERING PERSPECTIVES ON THE UKRAINE
WAR, WHICH HAS BEEN A CONTENTIOUS ISSUE SINCE RUSSIA’S INVASION.
• THE NEW DELHI DECLARATION DENOUNCED THE USE OF FORCE FOR TERRITORIAL
GAIN, BUT REFRAINED FROM DIRECT CRITICISM OF RUSSIA BY NAME.
• UNLIKE IN LAST YEAR’S BALI DECLARATION IN WHICH RUSSIA WAS DESCRIBED AS THE
AGGRESSOR AND ASKED TO WITHDRAW ITS TROOPS FROM UKRAINE FULLY AND
UNCONDITIONALLY, THE NEW DELHI DECLARATION CALLED IT “THE WAR IN UKRAINE”.
THERE WAS NO CONDEMNATION OF RUSSIA EITHER, UNLIKE IN BALI.

13. THANK YOU
BY: SHAHEEN AKTHAR