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Higher NITEC IN Mechanical Engineering
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Final Year Project
Title: Need-4-Seat
Project Supervisor: Mr Lee
Class: RT1404P
Group members: Lai Yimei (Leader)
Mohd Ridhuan
Shahrul
Fadli
Mohd Fikri
Nurul Sabrina
Mohd Raihan
Al-Nisa

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Acknowledgement
Everyone in our team has put in effort, time and sweat to complete our project. All of us
have made sacrifices to be present for group discussions, even if it’s during holidays or
to stay back after class. The close bond we have among the group members made it
easier and comfortable for us to communicate with an open mind. Our supervisor and
lecturers have guided us throughout the entire learning journey with patience and have
never failed us when we need a helping hand. Despite us having limited knowledge on
this project, the teachers showed their best support and stayed optimistic about our
project. Not forgetting their honest feedbacks which were taken into serious
consideration. Without our supervisor, lecturers and the team members of the group,
there’s no way we could have completed this project. We would like to take this moment
to show our strongest gratitude to the following people who made this possible:
Mr Lee – Our project supervisor who gave us a good head start and guided us until the
end with exceptional ideas, suggestions and remarks to keep us on track.
Mr Andy Lim – Our class advisor who assisted us around the workshop and made sure
we followed safety measures when using machines or tools.
Mr Haron – Assisted us around the workshop as well, together with Mr Andy.
Mr Trevor – A great help with most of the programming in relation to the Arduino, servo
motor, RFID card reader and limit switch. He also made extra time for us after his
working hours to assist us with our problems.
Mr Goh – Printed out the 3D sketches for us.
Some of our parents – Aided us with wood and contributed some ideas such as using
pneumatic cylinders as a form of support and rebound.
Our peers – Contributed various ideas and drawings on how things could be done
better and also working together to improve on our product.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................4
2. Working Principle ......................................................................................................................5
3. Design Consideration................................................................................................................6
4. Costing........................................................................................................................................9
5. Planning and Scheduling........................................................................................................10
6. Drawings...................................................................................................................................11
7. Conclusion & Recommendation............................................................................................14
Reference and Catalogue............................................................................................................15

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1. Introduction
Resources prove that the amount of people taking public transports have been on a
constant rise annually. The average daily ridership on the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) have
raised by 5.3% to 2.76 and the average daily ridership on buses have raised 4.2% to 3.75
million. That being said, there are also a wide number of passengers who are old and
needy for a seat when they travel. Therefore, having priority seats in buses and trains
were implemented for a more convenient mode of travel for everyone. However, there
have been many cases of people misusing the priority seat. People fail to give up their
seat even when another party needs it more and sometimes, inconsiderate actions like
these tend to cause misunderstandings and unnecessary feud among each other.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this project is to design a priority seat for the pioneer generation whereby
it is only made available by a tap of the PIONEER GENERATION (PG) card that every
senior citizen has. The seat is initially closed and it consist of a locking system which only
enables the chair to unlock once the RFID reads the PG card. Through this system, it
makes it exclusive to our senior citizens and they can expect a more comfortable ride to
their destination with a seat, not having to stand throughout their entire ride is 95%
guaranteed.
Advantages:
 It’s user friendly.
 Simple and affordable mechanism.
 Prevents unnecessary arguments.
 Senior citizens don’t have to worry about a tiring journey if it’s a long trip.

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2. Working Principle
Fig 2.1
The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) will send a signal to the Arduino to inform the
servo motor to unlock.
Once the locking device is unlocked, the needy can pull down the seat.
During this part, the locking system will be at a standby mode when there is someone
occupying the seat.
Once the person stands up, the seat will re-bounce and have contact with the limit
switch hidden in the back rest.
The limit switch will then act as a relay and sent a message to the Arduino to prove that
no one is sitting on the chair anymore. We can now lock the chair using the locking
system.
After it has been locked, the cycle repeats.
Tap the RFID
Unlock
Seat manually
pulled down
Seat taken
Seat got re-
bounce
Lock
1
2
34
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6

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3. Design Consideration
1st Design
Fig 3.1
Equipment:
 RFID
 Magnetic lock
 Pneumatic system
 Piano hinge
 Arduino
How it works:
 Use the magnetic lock to lock the chair.
 Use the RFID to unlock the chair
 Pneumatic system supports the chair while the piano hinge helps to
 Retract the chair when there’s no more weight input.
Disadvantages:
 Very high cost.
 Complex programming.

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2nd Design
Fig 3.2
Equipment:
 Arduino
 RFID
 Sliding Hinge
 Double Hinge
 Limit Switch
 Servo Motor
How it works:
 Limit switch acts as a relay to send a message to the servo when the card is
tapped on the RFID
 The double hinge helps to retract the chair when there’s no more weight input.
 The sliding hinge has a pivot which makes it able to close and open the chair
with ease.
Disadvantages:
 We have to fabricate the sliding hinge.
 The supporting mechanism is weak as the double hinge depends on the sliding
hinge.
Slidinghinge Limitswitch
RFID
Servomotor
Double hinge

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Final design
Fig 3.3
How it works:
 Limit switch acts as a relay to send a message to the servo motor when card is
tapped on the RFID
Metal bracket
Servomotor
Double hinge
Woodenwall
Limitswitch
RFID

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4. Costing
4.1 Materialcost:
Item Part description Quantity Cost($)
1 NFC+RFID Shield 1 78.90
2 Servo Motor 1 28.50
3 Limit Switch 1 3
4 L Bracket 1m 5
5 Ply Wood 1.5m x 3m x3 15
6 Hinge 2 20
7 Container 1 6
Total 156.40
Table 4.1
4.2 Man hour:
Item Part description Estimated Man-hour
(Hr)
1 Programming of servo motor 10
2 Programming of RFID 15
3 Programming limit switch 5
4 Combine all programming 5
5 Cutting 50
6 Solid works 50
7 Assembly 25
8 Locking device( 3D print) 1
9 Purchasing of materials 10
10 Research 10
Total 181
Table 4.2

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5. Planning and Scheduling
Table 5.1

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6. Drawings
Fig 6.1 Circuit Diagram with Breadboard
Fig 6.2 Isometric view

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Fig 6.3 2D diagram
Fig 6.4 Circuit Diagram

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Fig 6.5 Improvised Hinge
Fig 6.6 Locking device

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7. Conclusion & Recommendation
Name: Conclusion: Recommendation:
Sabrina It’s a really great experience for me as I do
not have any experience and knowledge on
inventing and producing products.
Furthermore, this is my first ever experience
in having doing group project for almost one
whole year.
However, there are still a
lot of improvement that
have to be improvised
such as the tools and
material we used.
Yi Mei There are positive and negative. Positive
whereby there is teamwork. Negative
whereby I had language barrier with the
others as I’m not good with my English.
Thus there is misinterpretation when
explaining to the group.
Scale it to 1:1
Fikri Arduino was hard to program. The soldering
was hard to use. We have ups and down.
There is also limited tools to use. Hadi
managed to bring some of the useful tools.
The locking system, chair
and the support of the wall.
Nisa It has been a fun and enriching ride and I
also gained extra knowledge about
machining and basic things like working with
Microsoft. However, there were very limited
tools for our group and the engineering
management could do something about it.
Better material can be
used and the seat can be
made into real size.
Ridhuan This project experience has improved the
way I view and work with the group. Each
group members have unique features/
speciality for the project if we did not waste
time earlier on.
Locking system, wood,
wall, safety measure.
Shah It’s my first experience learning Arduino
programming and great working with the
others. With limited equipment from home.
In the end, we also managed to finish our
project on time.
Use proximity sensor
instead limit switch
Fadli Overall it was an enjoyable, stressful and
tiring experience. In the process of the
project, we got to know more about each
other. For example, we got to know what
everyone was able to do. Like what each
other are good for. There were
misunderstanding that went off, but we
manage to overcome the situation. We were
able to even finish the project in less than
the time given due to changes in the
projects. Overall, it was a good experience.
Appearance
Wiring
Weight capacity
Overall performance

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Reference and Catalogue
Books:
 3D Arduino Projects for the EVIL GENIUS
 ARDUINO for BEGINNERS
 Learn Electronics Arduino
Website:
 http://www.electroschematics.com/8975/arduino-control-relay/
 https://learn.adafruit.com/downloads/pdf/adafruit-pn532-rfid-nfc.pdf
 www.youtube.com
 https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Sweep