OT

2. FUNDAMENTALS
OF HUMAN
INTERACTION
COMPUTER

3. WHAT IS HUMAN
COMPUTER
INTERACTION?

4. Human Computer
Interaction?
is the study of how people
design, implement, and use
interactive computer systems
and how computers affect
individuals, organizations, and
society.

5. HCI means how human
interacts with computer?
Not primarily the study of Human
Not primarily the study of
Computer
The study of BRIDGE between
Human and Computer

6. Difference between a
Computer and a Human?
Humans create computers.
Computers do not create humans.
Humans appreciate beauty.
Computers don't and can't - they
don't think, they only follow
coded instructions.

7. Difference between a
Computer and a Human?
Humans love.
Computers don't and can't - they
have no feelings. They only follow
coded instructions.
Humans can choose their beliefs.
Computers don't and can't. They only
follow coded instructions.

8. Difference between a
Computer and a Human?
Humans are aware of their own existence.
Computers are not. They only follow
coded instructions.
Humans are spiritual entities in a physical
body.
Computers are physical entities with no
spirit or soul.

10. Humans are limited in their
capacity to store and process
information while computer
can store information. All the
ideas, concepts by the
developer is being stored to
the computer.

11. Information is received and
responses given via a number of
input and output channels:
• VISUAL CHANNEL
• AUDITORY CHANNEL
• HAPTIC CHANNEL
• MOVEMENT

12. Information is stored in memory:
• SENSORY MEMORY
• SHORT-TERM (WORKING) MEMORY
• LONG-TERM MEMORY

13. Information is processed and
applied:
• – REASONING
• – PROBLEM SOLVING
• – SKILL ACQUISITION
• – ERROR
Emotion influences human
capabilities.

14. The term Human
Computer Interaction
(HCI) was adopted in
mid-1980s:

15. 1992
Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM):
HCI is concerned with the design,
evaluation & implementation of
interactive computer systems for
human use & with the study of major
phenomena surrounding them

16. 1998
HCI is study of people, computer
technology and the ways these
influence each other. We study HCI
to determine how we can make this
computer technology more usable
by people”

17. 2002
HCI is the study and practice of
usability. It is about understanding
and creating software and other
technology that people will want to
use, will be able to use, and will find
effective when used.

18. Hey!
In the past, computers
were expensive & used
by technical people only
Now, computers are
cheap and used by non-
technical people
(different needs,
knowledge, skills)

19. Hey!
Computer and software
manufacturers have
noticed the importance
of making computers
“user-friendly”: easy to
use, save people time,
and very useful to
everyone

20. User-friendly describes a
hardware device or software
interface that is easy to use. It
is "friendly" to the user,
meaning it is not difficult to
learn or understand.

21. the following are several common
attributes found in user-friendly
interfaces.
• SIMPLE
• CLEAN
• INTUITIVE
• RELIABLE

22. Simple
A user-friendly interface is
not overly complex, but
instead is straightforward,
providing quick access to
common features or
commands

23. Clean
A good user interface is
well-organized, making
it easy to locate different
tools and options.

24. Intuitive
In order to be user-friendly,
an interface must be make
sense to the average user
and should require minimal
explanation for how to use it.

25. Reliable
An unreliable product is not
user-friendly, since it will
cause undue frustration for the
user. A user-friendly product is
reliable and does not
malfunction or crash.

26. User-friendly products are typically
more successful than those with
complex. Customers often avoid
unreliable products, such as software
programs that are full of bugs. In order
to ensure a good user experience,
companies often thoroughly test their
products before releasing them to the
public.

27. WHY DESIGN IS
IMPORTANT?

28. WHAT IS A GOOD DESIGN?
Good design makes a product useful. A
product is bought to be used. It has to satisfy
certain criteria, not only functional, but also
psychological and aesthetic. Good
design emphasizes the usefulness of a
product whilst disregarding anything that
could possibly detract from it. Good
design is aesthetic

29. What are the features of good user interface
design?
A good interface design should be attractive. It
means that the use of that interfaces enjoyable.
The design should include cool user-
friendly features with the visual appeal. Clarity is
the most important characteristics of user
interface design.

30. What are the qualities of good design?
A good design is aesthetic because it helps to
generate a positive response from people, and
aesthetics cover three fundamental human
cravings: BALANCE, STRUCTURE, and
COMPLETION. A product needs to look good and
feel good, and has to be sturdy enough to
withstand abuse.

31. THE 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD DESIGN
INNOVATIVE
USEFUL
AESTHETIC
UNDERSTANDABLE
UNOBTRUSIVE
HONEST
LONG LASTING
THOROUGH - DOWN TO THE LAST DETAIL.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
GOOD DESIGN IS AS LITTLE DESIGN AS POSSIBLE

32. GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF
HCI DESIGN

33. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF HCI DESIGN
• Compatibility
• Ease of Learning
• Memorability
• Predictability
• Simplicity
• Flexibility
• Responsiveness
• Protection
• Invisible Technology
• Control
• WYSIWYG

34. Compati
bility
Know the User.
Product
can reduce both
learning time & errors

35. Ease of
Learning
Ease of learning – the
system should be easy to
learn so that the user can
rapidly start getting some
work done with the system

36. Memorabil
ity Interfaces that have high
memorability will be easier
to learn and use. Factors
which affect memorability
include

37. Memorabil
ity
ƒ LOCATION: It will be easier to
remember if a particular object is
placed in a consistent location, e.g.,
always putting the search box in the
upper right-hand corner of a Web
page

38. Memorabil
ity
ƒ LOGICAL GROUPING: It will be
easier to remember if things are
grouped logically, e.g., putting
related options together in a menu

39. Memorabil
ity
CONVENTIONS: Conventional
objects and symbols will be
easier to remember, e.g., Home
Page symbol

40. Predicta
bility
It involves a person’s expectations
and his/her ability to determine the
results of actions ahead of time. It
includes:
1. CONSISTENCY 2.GENERALIZABILTY
3.FAMILIARITY 4.CONVENTIONS

41. Predicta
bility
CONSISTENCY
– reinforce our associations and
therefore increase our ability to
remember and predict outcomes and
processes

42. Predicta
bility
GENERALIZABILTY
Help us use the knowledge we
gathered from previous experience
and apply it to similar situations

43. Predicta
bility
FAMILIARITY
familiar menu names and options
help users locate objects and
functions more easily

45. Predicta
bility
CONVENTIONS
Allow us to use our intuitions which are
based on previous experience and logic;
if something is consistently done in a
particular way, it will eventually become
the conventional way of doing it

46. Simplicit
y If things are simple they will
be easy to understand and
thus easy to learn and
remember

47. Simplicit
y It includes:
ƒ PROGRESSIVE DISCLOSURE – Show the
user only what is necessary
CONSTRAINTS – Involve limiting the
actions that can be performed in a
particular design

48. Flexibilit
y Allow more user control &
accommodates variations
in user skill and
preferences, i.e., give users
choices

49. Responsi
veness
Computer should respond
immediately to a user’s
input or inform the user
when long delays are
unavoidable

50. Protectio
n Protect users against
disastrous results of common
human error
Ex. ARE YOU SURE YOU WANT
TO DELETE?

51. Invisible
Technology
No need to know the
technical details

52. WYSIWY
G
What you see is what you
get