Functional testing, also known as specification-based testing, assesses individual functions of a software system to ensure they meet specified requirements and standards. It focuses on validating processing results rather than the processing methods and can be conducted at various levels of software granularity. The testing includes independently testable features that interact with other system components.

1. FUNCTIONAL TESTING
FUNCTIONAL TESTING, ALSO KNOWN AS SPECIFICATION-BASED TESTING, EVALUATES INDIVIDUAL
FUNCTIONS OF A SOFTWARE SYSTEM TO VERIFY THAT THEY ADHERE TO PRE-DEFINED
SPECIFICATIONS. IT TESTS THE FUNCTIONAL ACCURACY, INTEROPERABILITY OF SUBSYSTEMS AND
COMPLIANCE WITH PRE-DEFINED STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF FUNCTIONAL AND BUSINESS
REQUIREMENTS.
A PROPER FUNCTIONAL TESTING ASSURES THAT EVERY FUNCTION OF THE SYSTEM IS WORKING AS
REQUIRED

2. WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL TESTING?
 Functional Testing, also known as Specification-based testing, evaluates individual functions of a
software system to verify that they adhere to pre-defined specifications. It tests the functional
accuracy, interoperability of subsystems and compliance with pre-defined standards in the context
of functional and business requirements.
 The primary focus of this type of testing is validating the results of processing, not “how” the
processing is done. It can also be termed as a form of Black Box testing.

3.  Functional Testing is applicable at any level of granularity, be it at individual module levels or
overall system levels. Depending on the level of granularity and interdependence, appropriate test
cases are designed.
 Any software system also has certain functions or plugins that can be tested independent of other
functionalities. Such features are known as Independently Testable features. Such features either
take inputs from modules of software under test or provide inputs to them.
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