The document discusses how the systems paradigm has failed to achieve a coherent organization and unity. It proposes reorganizing systems approaches by critiquing boundaries and recognizing that literature on systems, cybernetics, and complexity rarely references the history of science, and vice versa. The systems paradigm originally aimed to go beyond reductionism and achieve a scientific synthesis and unity of science, with Tektology as the only fully developed conceptual framework for this, but these ideas remain marginalized.

2. lost paradigm
the systems paradigm failing to
attain a sense of compact, coherent, accessible organisation / unity

3. reorganise systems
approaches

4. • Boundary critique systemic intervention

5. • Philosophy and history of science literatures (or HPS) do not
refer to systems, cybernetics, and complexity literatures when
discussing the notion of the unity of science
• Systems, cybernetics, and complexity literatures do not refer to
the HPS literature
•Bogdanov andTektology remain marginalised

10. • Systems paradigm was the scientific synthesis going beyond the
two strands of contemporary Western thought, by targeting the
unity of science
Reductionism

11. • Bodanov’s Tektology - the only fully developed conceptual framework

14. • Bogdanov reversed Dilthey’s argument for an independent social
science and eliminated Simmel’s (and the Frankfurt school’s) anti-
positivist position – the unity of science is not a ‘positivist’ stand.