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Foundational Literature.pdfjdhdhdhhhhddd
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- 2. FOUNDATIONAL LITERATURE OFINDIA-ATA GLANCE • All Scriptures Originated from “Vedas”. • Dating: To Indus civilization ; 2900BC). • Revealed (by GOD) or “Apurusheya”. • Over 90,000 slokas or mantras. • Written in Sanskrit • Passed on through verbal chanting over generations.
- 6. • Vedas -Vedangas -Upavedas • Upanishads •Puranas • Itihaas • Gita • Acharyas HINDU SCRIPTURE-ATA GLANCE
- 7. VEDAS • Author -Ved Vyas • Basis for Hindu religion Samhitas • Compilations Brahmanas • Prose that discusses Rituals. Aranyakas • Forest treatises discussing Rituals
- 8. Rig Veda VEDAS Hymns aboutGods Indra, Varuna and Agni. Mantras on Rituals, Sacrifices and Yagnas Hymns and Songs for Pooja and music. Mantras about Healing, Marriage and Death. Yajur Veda Sama Veda Artharva Veda
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- 10. METHODOLOGIES TO UNDERSTANDVEDAS •Authors: Famousones áre — Panini,Yaska, Katyayana, Brithryh, Pãtanjali.
- 11. VEDANGA'S • Pronunciation ofwords and syllables • Meter used inVedic hymns • Sanskrit Grammar • Explanations of difficult words in the • vedas (Dictionary or‘Nighantu’). •The astrological and astronomical aspects of auspicious times • Explains the aspects that deal with Pooja and associated rituals Jyothisya Kalpa
- 13. UPAVEDAS • These compositions,each are attached to one of the four main Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama, and Atharva respectively). • Four Upavedas • Artha Veda - Science of economics and sociology • Dhanur Veda - Science of defense, war and politics • Gandharva Veda - Art of music, dancing and singing • Ayur Veda—Science of Plants and Medicine.
- 14. UPAVEDAS • Authors •Artha Veda- Sage Brihaspathi . •Dhanur Veda - Sage Brighu •Gandharva Veda Muni Bharata •Ayur Veda Sage Dhanvantri
- 16. PANISHADS • Philosophical Texts •Authors: Many Sages: ° Yajnavalkya ° Uddalaka Aruni, • Aitareya, • Manu, • Brihaspati ° Narada. • Approximate Dating: 800 and 400BC
- 17. PANISHADS • Chandogya • Keno •Isa • Titreya • Aitareya • Mundaka • Mandukya • Prashna
- 18. PURANAS • Purana (Sanskrit)-“of ancient times” • Narrative of the history of the universe: Creation and Destruction Genealogies of the kings Heroes and Demigods Cosmology and Geograhpy • Thousands of years of history
- 19. Veda Vyasa • Before500 BCE • Written 3rd-5'h century AD • 18 accepted puranas PURANAS
- 20. PURANAS • Vaisnava Puranas: —Vishnu Purana — Bhagavata Purana — Nâradeya Purana — Garuda Purana — Padma Purana — Varaha Purana — Vâmana Purana — Kûrma Purana — Matsya Purana — Kalki Purana • Brahma Puranas: — Brahma Purana — Brahmânda Purana — Brahma Vaivarta Purana — Mârkandeya Purana — Bhavishya Purana • Shaiva Puranas: — Shiva Purana — Linga Purana — Skanda Purana — Agni Purana — Vâyu Purana
- 21. SRIMAD DEVI BHAGAWATAM Focuseson the love and life of Krishna • Avatars of Vishnu • Bhakti-Union with the Divine • 12 books • 18,000 verses
- 22. BHAGAVAD GITA • Gitais a conversationbetween Lord Krishna and Arjuna on a báttle field. • It was wrïtten by sage Veda Vyasa. • It was originäI'Iy told and written back in 500BC .. . : • • The Gita has 700 verses, and 18 Chapters ïn all. • written in Sanskrit.
- 23. • The ' BHAGAVADGITA ed into 3 sections: a of actions) -Bhakti Yoga (the yoga of devotion) -Jnan Yoga (the yoga of knowledge) ' The best choices to make in life are the har , and s t fill their ty b ore anything that a pers else. • Lord Krishna duty to fight defend the i «prin as na's
- 24. (TranSlätİon: “Historical Event”) Authors: • ValmikiRamayana. • Vyasa - Mahabharat Time Scale: • 500 BC ITIHAS
- 25. Ramayana About King Rama.Depicts the duties of relationships, portrays ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. Conflict between righteous and evil paths and their consequences. Mahabharat About Kauravas and Pandavas. Exemplifies the four "goals of life" or purusharthas. • Dharma (right action) • Artha (purpose) • Kama (pleasure) • Moksha (liberation) ITIHÂS
- 27. ACHARYAS • Acharya -guideor instructor in religious matters • Also used to address teacher or scholar • A common suffixin Brahmin/Viswakarma names • Many involved in teaching vedic texts and traditions.
- 28. ACHARYAS • Adi Shankaracharya(780 AD) Adi Shonkara's Bhashyas (commentaries) on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, Advita Vedonto and Brahma Sutras are his principal works. • Ramanujacharya (1017AD) Ramanuja may have written 9 books. They are also referred to as the nine precious gems • Madhvacharya (1238AD) The 8 monasteries (Ashta mathas) of Udupi have been following his philosophy since then. He proposed Dvaitha’ siddantam.
- 29. Vedic Way OfLife: Select Stories With Basic Human Values/Morals-from The Vedas • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1-17TeZvV0 ( Classification ofVedas) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hNXxYzgI2U4&t=339s (Krishna and Karna: Story about, values, principles and Dharma) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTUB6bAJ5i4&t=156s (Vishvamitra: Story about Courage, Patience, consistency and respect) • https://www.youtube.com/@kidsanimations (Story channel)