The document provides an overview of fossil fuels, explaining their formation from ancient organic materials over millions of years under high pressure and temperature. It categorizes fossil fuels into three main types: coal, oil, and natural gas, detailing their characteristics and uses. Additionally, it outlines the processes involved in the formation and transformation of these fuels, emphasizing their significance in energy production and various applications.

1. Energy Engineering:
Fossil Fuels
Facilitator:
Er. Rujan Timsina
Assistant professor
Institute of Engineering
Tribhuvan University
BE/ ME

2. FOSSIL FUELS
Fossil fuels are natural resources, such as
coal, oil and natural gas, containing
hydrocarbons
 These fuels are formed in the Earth over
millions of years and produce carbon
dioxide when burnt

3. FORMATION OF FOSSIL
FUELS
 Fossil fuels are fuels that are produced from fossilised
organic material like dead sea life forms
 Crude Oils and Natural Gas were formed by the deposit of the
dead marine organisms on the sea bed, together with sand,
silt and other sediments which formed the rocks under the sea
 The formation of layers of rocks continued to take place and
to build up containing the organic matter of the marine
organisms and to create high pressure and temperature.
 In the absence of oxygen, and under the effect of the
combined factors of pressure, temperature, catalysis and time,
the chemical components of these marine substances have
undergone break-down and transformation into
HYDROCARBON compounds trapped in small pores
(pockets) in the rocks, the result of which was the formation of
crude oil and natural gas within the rocks

4. CONTINUED…
Another fossil fuel formed when Forests and
other vegetation became folded into the Earth's
crust by upheavals an land movement during
Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
 Like the Oil and Gas, without oxygen and
under tremendous pressure and temperature,
the vegetation rotted away and become layers
(seams) of coal in the earth
Today, those fossil fuels refer to those we now
call Petrol, Fuel gas, Diesel and Heating fuels
together with waxes, lube oils, cosmetics,
medicines, man-made fibres, plastics and so
on

5. TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS
Different types of fossils fuels were
formed depending upon the combination
of animal and plant debris that was
present, how long the material was
buried, and what temperature and
pressure existed when they were
decomposing
Coal
Oil (petroleum)
Natural Gases

6. 3 Types of fuel
The three different types
of fossil fuels are coal,
petroleum, and other
natural gases

7. Different Types of Fossil
Fuels
Coal- coal is formed with the decay of
the earth. Coal is also found in mines
Oil- “is a liquid fossil fuel that is formed
from the remains of marine
microorganisms deposited on the sea
floor”
Natural Gas- “is a gaseous fossil fuel
that is versatile, abundant and relatively
clean compared to coal and oil

8. COAL
Coal is a hard,
black colored rock-
like substance
formed when dead
plants were
subjected to
extreme heat and
pressure for
millions of years. It
is made up of
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen
and varying

9. FORMATION OF COAL
 coal forms from the remains of plants which died in
prehistoric swamps and wetlands. Organic plant
matter at various stages of decay form peat, which,
under certain pressure, time and heat conditions
experiences slow rates of bacterial decay and
eventually goes on to form coal
 As peat is buried by sediment and becomes
compressed, it slowly releases water and other
elements contained within it, resulting in an
increasingly compact and carbon rich substance
 The natural process converting plant matter to peat
may go through different stages, first forming
lignite, then sub bituminous coal, bituminous coal
and eventually anthracite coal

10. COAL FORMATION

11. COAL USES
Coal is used for heating
and bringing electricity
where needed

12. OIL(PETROLEUM)
Oil was formed from the remains of tiny sea
animals and plants that died millions of years
ago. The organic material was then broken
down into hydrogen and carbon atoms and a
sponge-like rock was formed, full of oil
 Petroleum is a basic natural fuel. It is a dark
greenish brown, viscous mineral oil, found deep
in earth’s crust
 It is mainly composed of various
hydrocarbons together with small amount of
organic compounds containing oxygen nitrogen
and sulphur

13. Formation of Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Accumulation of
organic material –
typically marine
mud
Burial and
preservation of
organic material –
reducing
conditions
Reducing
conditions in deep
sea or on
continental shelves
during times of

14. Formation of Petroleum and
Natural Gas
Black, organic-rich mud
is buried deeper and
converted to rock – shale
With burial, the organic
matter is heated
When heat is sufficient
(but not too great) – in
the range of 100-300
degrees C – the organic
matter is “cooked” and oil
forms
Process is called
thermal maturation

15. Formation of Petroleum and
Natural Gas
If heat is greater than
300 degrees C, the
liquid petroleum is
further broken down to
form natural gas
If heat is too great, even
the natural gas is
broken down to form
carbon dioxide, which
has no value as a fuel

16. Oil uses
Oil helps makes
diesel fuel and helps
create motor gasoline
like cars , buses and
trucks

17. REFERENCES
www.google.com
Wikipedia