Understanding and modeling masting in European tree speciesGiorgio Vacchiano
This document summarizes research on modeling and understanding masting in European tree species. It discusses how masting patterns can be reproduced spatially and temporally using context-dependent data to parameterize models. It also examines integrating masting processes mechanistically by relating it to underlying physiological mechanisms like resource accumulation. Challenges include relating seed production to multiple interacting factors and implementing processes not captured in some models. A resource budget model provides the best existing approach, but complete process-based masting models do not exist yet.
This document discusses prescribed burning programs for forest fire management in Italy. It notes that wildfires burn over 112,000 hectares per year in Italy, and climate change is increasing fire frequency and severity. Prescribed burning is used in Italy for several reasons: to regulate rural fire uses, maintain strategic fuel breaks around periodically large wildfires, reduce wildfire risk by increasing forest and plant resilience, and train fire operators. The document describes how prescribed burning plans are implemented and monitored in different regions of Italy, and their effects on reducing fuels and crown mortality in Mediterranean pine forests.
The document discusses the European bioeconomy and forest biomass. It provides background on the EU's Bioeconomy Strategy and Action Plan. Forests play a key role in Europe's circular bioeconomy, providing renewable resources for 25% of the EU's bioeconomy. Forest-based sectors currently employ over 3 million people in the EU.
The document describes the SILVA forest growth simulation model. It discusses trends in forest management, environmental policy, and information technology that created a need for complex simulation models. SILVA is a single tree-based model that simulates individual tree and stand development over time under different treatments and conditions. The model outputs growth, yield, financial, and ecological indicators to support sustainable forest management planning and decision making. The document provides examples of how SILVA has been used for management plans, testing thinning guidelines, economic evaluations, and climate change studies.
A natural stand of Pinus contorta was clearcut and regenerated. It currently has over 7000 trees per hectare. The objectives are to have full site occupancy of over 35% while maintaining vigor with less than 60% occupancy. Precommercial thinning will be conducted to reduce the stand density to 1600 trees per hectare when average diameter is 19 cm, then another thinning will reduce it further to 800 trees per hectare.
This document discusses modeling fire behavior through interactions between fire weather and fuel profiles of forest stand structures. It then provides statistics on an unmanaged Pinus contorta forest that experienced a stand-replacing fire, including stand age, top height, average diameter at breast height, volume, basal area, trees per hectare, relative density, and crown fire indices that indicate an active crown fire would occur.
This document introduces three tree species found in Yellowstone and northern Utah: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and subalpine fir (Abies lasciocarpa). It provides details on lodgepole pine, noting it is adapted to high severity fires, light demanding, produces serotinous cones, and its fire regime varies by location. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are typically associated, are shade bearing, and late successional.
This document provides an introduction to modeling forest dynamics. It discusses different types of forest models including tree stand models that operate over 10-50 years and landscape models that operate over 50-100 years. It also summarizes various approaches to modeling including process-based models, empirical growth models, stand models with and without diameter distributions, individual tree models, gap models, and landscape models. The document concludes by discussing tools for visualization of forest modeling results and the aims of a training course on the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) model.
The document describes a stand visualization system that allows users to model tree stands geometrically as a tree list with user-created or FVS output data. The system displays the tree stand with an overhead, profile, and perspective view and stores input data for each tree including species code, plant ID, status, diameter, height, lean angle, end diameter, crown radius, crown ratio, marking status, and X-Y-Elevation coordinates.
FVS is a tree growth and yield model that uses empirical equations to predict tree growth over time including diameter and height growth, crown changes, and mortality. It represents a variety of forest management actions and outputs stand statistics, measures of competition, species composition, economic values, fuel loads, and carbon accounting. Users input tree inventory data, site characteristics, and management prescriptions and FVS simulates forest growth and updates stand statistics over multiple cycles.
1. The document discusses sustainable forest management and outlines several key models and parameters for forest modeling including carbon stocking, wood yield, data availability, and differences between RPF and FVS-NE.
2. It describes a meeting of the Steering Committee where participants were welcomed and an opening of the meeting was provided.
3. Differences between RPF and FVS-NE are discussed and the document suggests what features participants would like to see added to these models.
This document discusses key concepts for designing effective density management regimes for thinning stands of trees, including:
1) Site index - a measure of site quality based on average dominant tree height that can be used to estimate future stand age.
2) Stand dynamics - the different stages of stand development with varying levels of relative density, competition, and site occupancy.
3) Size-density relationships and relative density - ways to quantify current density and desired future condition (DFC) to inform thinning plans. Relative density compares current stand density to the density at full site occupancy.
This document contains instructions and activities for a forest modeling workshop using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and Stand Visualization System (SVS). The activities guide participants through simulations of forest stands using FVS, analysis of the output, and visualization of stand conditions over time using SVS. Participants are asked to compare thinning and no-management scenarios, assess stand growth and yield, and customize views of modeled stands in SVS.
Understanding and modeling masting in European tree speciesGiorgio Vacchiano
This document summarizes research on modeling and understanding masting in European tree species. It discusses how masting patterns can be reproduced spatially and temporally using context-dependent data to parameterize models. It also examines integrating masting processes mechanistically by relating it to underlying physiological mechanisms like resource accumulation. Challenges include relating seed production to multiple interacting factors and implementing processes not captured in some models. A resource budget model provides the best existing approach, but complete process-based masting models do not exist yet.
This document discusses prescribed burning programs for forest fire management in Italy. It notes that wildfires burn over 112,000 hectares per year in Italy, and climate change is increasing fire frequency and severity. Prescribed burning is used in Italy for several reasons: to regulate rural fire uses, maintain strategic fuel breaks around periodically large wildfires, reduce wildfire risk by increasing forest and plant resilience, and train fire operators. The document describes how prescribed burning plans are implemented and monitored in different regions of Italy, and their effects on reducing fuels and crown mortality in Mediterranean pine forests.
The document discusses the European bioeconomy and forest biomass. It provides background on the EU's Bioeconomy Strategy and Action Plan. Forests play a key role in Europe's circular bioeconomy, providing renewable resources for 25% of the EU's bioeconomy. Forest-based sectors currently employ over 3 million people in the EU.
The document describes the SILVA forest growth simulation model. It discusses trends in forest management, environmental policy, and information technology that created a need for complex simulation models. SILVA is a single tree-based model that simulates individual tree and stand development over time under different treatments and conditions. The model outputs growth, yield, financial, and ecological indicators to support sustainable forest management planning and decision making. The document provides examples of how SILVA has been used for management plans, testing thinning guidelines, economic evaluations, and climate change studies.
A natural stand of Pinus contorta was clearcut and regenerated. It currently has over 7000 trees per hectare. The objectives are to have full site occupancy of over 35% while maintaining vigor with less than 60% occupancy. Precommercial thinning will be conducted to reduce the stand density to 1600 trees per hectare when average diameter is 19 cm, then another thinning will reduce it further to 800 trees per hectare.
This document discusses modeling fire behavior through interactions between fire weather and fuel profiles of forest stand structures. It then provides statistics on an unmanaged Pinus contorta forest that experienced a stand-replacing fire, including stand age, top height, average diameter at breast height, volume, basal area, trees per hectare, relative density, and crown fire indices that indicate an active crown fire would occur.
This document introduces three tree species found in Yellowstone and northern Utah: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), and subalpine fir (Abies lasciocarpa). It provides details on lodgepole pine, noting it is adapted to high severity fires, light demanding, produces serotinous cones, and its fire regime varies by location. Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir are typically associated, are shade bearing, and late successional.
This document provides an introduction to modeling forest dynamics. It discusses different types of forest models including tree stand models that operate over 10-50 years and landscape models that operate over 50-100 years. It also summarizes various approaches to modeling including process-based models, empirical growth models, stand models with and without diameter distributions, individual tree models, gap models, and landscape models. The document concludes by discussing tools for visualization of forest modeling results and the aims of a training course on the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) model.
The document describes a stand visualization system that allows users to model tree stands geometrically as a tree list with user-created or FVS output data. The system displays the tree stand with an overhead, profile, and perspective view and stores input data for each tree including species code, plant ID, status, diameter, height, lean angle, end diameter, crown radius, crown ratio, marking status, and X-Y-Elevation coordinates.
FVS is a tree growth and yield model that uses empirical equations to predict tree growth over time including diameter and height growth, crown changes, and mortality. It represents a variety of forest management actions and outputs stand statistics, measures of competition, species composition, economic values, fuel loads, and carbon accounting. Users input tree inventory data, site characteristics, and management prescriptions and FVS simulates forest growth and updates stand statistics over multiple cycles.
1. The document discusses sustainable forest management and outlines several key models and parameters for forest modeling including carbon stocking, wood yield, data availability, and differences between RPF and FVS-NE.
2. It describes a meeting of the Steering Committee where participants were welcomed and an opening of the meeting was provided.
3. Differences between RPF and FVS-NE are discussed and the document suggests what features participants would like to see added to these models.
This document discusses key concepts for designing effective density management regimes for thinning stands of trees, including:
1) Site index - a measure of site quality based on average dominant tree height that can be used to estimate future stand age.
2) Stand dynamics - the different stages of stand development with varying levels of relative density, competition, and site occupancy.
3) Size-density relationships and relative density - ways to quantify current density and desired future condition (DFC) to inform thinning plans. Relative density compares current stand density to the density at full site occupancy.
This document contains instructions and activities for a forest modeling workshop using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and Stand Visualization System (SVS). The activities guide participants through simulations of forest stands using FVS, analysis of the output, and visualization of stand conditions over time using SVS. Participants are asked to compare thinning and no-management scenarios, assess stand growth and yield, and customize views of modeled stands in SVS.
2. Orario Attività docenti
9,00 - 9,30
Apertura giornata con presentazione obiettivi, logistica.
Distribuzione materiale divulgativo e didattico
Raccolta dati partecipanti
Dott.ssa Roberta Berretti
Dott. Davide Ascoli
Dott. Giorgio Vacchiano
9,30 - 11,00
Introduzione ai danni da vento in foresta.
Fattori responsabili e strategie di prevenzione.
Introduzione agli strumenti di supporto all’analisi della
suscettibilità allo schianto dei popolamenti.
Dott. Giorgio Vacchiano
11,00 - 11,15 Pausa caffè
11,15 - 12,30
Utilizzo di diagrammi di gestione della densità come
strumenti di supporto empirici per l’analisi della
suscettibilità allo schianto.
Dott. Giorgio Vacchiano
12,30 - 13,30 Pranzo
13,30 - 17,00
Introduzione all’uso di ForestGALES.
Descrizione dell’interfaccia.
Simulazioni con parametri di default.
Simulazioni con parametri calibrati.
Applicazione ad un caso studio in un comprensorio
forestale piemontese
Dott. Giorgio Vacchiano
2
11. Simulare i trattamenti selvicolturali
• Ceduo con 1500 polloni/ha e diametro medio 4 cm
• Obiettivo finale: legna da ardere, diametro medio 8
cm
• Occorre eseguire un diradamento?
11
16. 16
Assume a stand to be in fertility class V (site index =14 m at age 50) accor-
ding to the following site index curves (modified from Wiedemann 1949):
age t
stud
table
Wied
the d
close
base
T
mod
low
thinn
(i) re
term
the s
G. Vacchiano et al. / Forest Ecology and Mana2550Curve altezza dominante (site index)
Altezzadominante(m)
Età (anni)
20. Simulare scenari selvicolturali
1. Lavorate sul DMD dell’abete rosso e con le relative curve di
altezza dominante (classe di fertilità 16).
2. La densità attuale è 1000 piante/ha e il D medio è 10 cm.
Quali sono l’età e il volume presunti del popolamento? Qual
è il rapporto H/D delle piante dominanti?
3. Cosa succede senza interventi? A che età inizia la mortalità
naturale? Quali saranno volume, densità e età a 130 anni?
Per quanti anni il popolamento resta a alto rischio?
4. Diradate il popolamento attuale a 700 piante/ha (dal
basso). A che età inizia la mortalità naturale? Per quanti
anni il popolamento resta a alto rischio?
5. Calcolate e confrontate l’incremento medio annuo nei due
casi quando il diametro medio ha raggiunto 35 cm
20