For students of engineering in India
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This document discusses how Android smartphones and tablets provide an opportunity for Indians to start their own businesses developing Android apps. It notes that Android phones are very affordable in India, even under Rs. 3,000, and that all one needs to start is a smartphone and app development software. Developing apps offers an alternative to the traditional IT career path. The document also discusses topics like Indian language computing, the growth of mobile internet, and media and how it is shifting to digital formats accessed via smartphones.
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For students of engineering in India
- 1. Face the Future Confidently 1
- 3. S – Satyam W – Wipro I – Infosys T – TCS C – Cognizant H - HCL
- 4. Why “SWITCH” Off!!! Infosys gets 1 lakh resumes for every 300 positions (everybody aspires to work for an IT company but very few get a chance to do so) IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE???
- 5. Yes, There Is… (revenge of the consumer) PCs are the past (too costly for India and too irrelevant for rest of the world) Smartphones and tablets are the future, we can join the bandwagon According to “IHS Suppli” there will be more Smartphones sold worldwide than Featurephones in 2013
- 7. Android, a Mobile OS for India Phones cheapest due to competition More free Apps than paid ones, see Google Play store (very important for India) According to “Flurry” App growth is the biggest in BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China)
- 8. Android Smartphones and India Less than Rs. 10,000 (Int. Brands) Samsung Galaxy Fit ~ Rs. 9,300 LG Optimus One ~ Rs. 9,300 and many others... (Sony, HTC,...) Less than Rs. 5,000 (Indian Brands) Micromax A52 ~ Rs. 5,000 Spice Mi-280 ~ Rs. 4,700 and many others... (iBall, Karbonn, ...) Less than Rs. 3,000 (Indian Brand) Spice Mi-270 ~ Rs. 2,800
- 9. Be your own boss, start an Android Apps Business
- 10. What minimum do you need to develop for Android? A Gingerbread (Android Version 2.3) or above Smartphone or Tablet, this is a minimum requirement A free AIDE App from Google Play Store, this is a minimum requirement (Not a minimum requirement) If you have a Windows or a Linux PC, you can download an SDK from Google
- 11. Android Apps are A Way to Go Develop two free Apps as a proof of concept and put it on Google Play store, it is better if they are India centered but if you may also have global ambitions, if yes, follow them Then develop a paid App, you need to have a clear focus about what market you want to address Go on developing more paid Apps
- 12. Android Apps are A Way to Go You do not want to take risk that goes with working for yourself? Then work for a company that develops Android Apps There are many free and paid Ebooks available that address writing Apps in Java and writing Apps for Android There are many open source Apps, look at their source code for ideas on how to write an Android App
- 13. Android Apps are A Way to Go But what do you need to know additionally? ◦ 2.5G, 2.75G and 3G ◦ Indian Language Computing ◦ Media ◦ Why not Web Design?
- 14. 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G and India
- 15. 2.5G, 2.75G and India 2.5G (GPRS for GSM and 1xRTT for CDMA) and 2.75G (EDGE for GSM) have become common even in towns (as far as I know 1xRTT is everywhere because all CDMA carriers use it as 2G) 2014 to become common in rural areas
- 16. 3G (Various flavors of HSDPA and HSUPA for GSM and EVDO Revision A for CDMA) and India 2014 to become all prevalent in cities 2016 to become all prevalent in towns and rural areas
- 17. 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G and India 2G did it for voice 2.5G, 2.75G, 3G doing it for Internet National Broadband Plan, a catalyst 4G is coming for urban areas (has already come to Kolkata and Bengaluru)
- 19. Indian Langauge Computing 90% of Indians do not know English But still 65% of Indians are literate in their own mother tongue Hence Indian Languages are very necessary for Android’s success (to see how unimportant English is, visit a rural area, the whole village may not even get an English newspaper)
- 20. Indian Language Computing (A Very Brief Tutorial)
- 21. Indian Language Computing (A Very Brief Tutorial) CDAC (Mohan Tambe) did ISCII in 1991, ISCII is 8-bit, ASCII plus an Indian Language ISCII (in spirit) now a part of Unicode ASCII is 7-bit, Unicode is (say) 16-bit Microsoft dealt a major setback to Indian Language Computing by not doing dual language Windows (English plus an Indian Language) instead insisting on a single language
- 22. Indian Language Computing (A Very Brief Tutorial) English has one-to-one mapping in Unicode codes and glyphs (screen shapes) Indian Languages do not (conjuncts)
- 23. Indian Language Computing (A Very Brief Tutorial) ‘ज’ glyph has ‘ज’, ‘््’, ‘ञ’ in Unicode Searching and sorting Unicode wise Printing and PDF glyph wise
- 24. Indian Language Computing (A Very Brief Tutorial) Google has very good ◦ Transliteration ◦ Transliteration Input Method Editors (IME) ◦ Machine Translation for Hindi
- 25. Media, Internet and India
- 26. Media, Internet and India No future in India for physical media like paper, printing, CDs and DVDs Media has moved to Internet Media is ad supported
- 27. Media, Internet and India Going to see a media explosion Will give boost to literacy and culture
- 28. Newspapers Ads will dry up for paper newspapers Newspapers should have an ad supported app for Android
- 29. Magazines Magazine are aspirational Will be available on high end mobiles and tablets first
- 30. Books (English) Not printed in India, take months to arrive Ebooks will lead to timely availability English book reading will increase 10 times
- 31. Books (Indian Languages) Was a step-child of publishing, no more Will outnumber English books Indian Language book reading will grow 100 times
- 32. Audio A lot of current Featurephones and Smartphones can play mp3s and tune in FM Opportunity for ad supported songs
- 33. Video India is totally, totally behind in video At least 1Mbps speed is needed and will get a boost with 3G and 4G Progress, Culture, Literacy from it
- 34. Media, Internet and India Three new media types Blogs (mainly text and images) Podcasts (Audio and Video) Audiobooks (Audio)
- 35. Why not Web Design?
- 36. Web Design in India Smartphone/Tablet ratio > 25/1 Market of upper middle class Indians
- 37. Web Design in India Web too complex for mainstream Indians and also will be in English Web will follow the growth trajectory set by wireline Internet in India Advice against it, do Android Apps that are easy to use than Web
- 38. Keeping Up with Technology
- 39. Use RSS feeds Google Reader Request an OPML file from me My OPML is mostly about technology
- 40. Use Podcasts Listento (and see) podcasts when you get time iTunes on PC (the best, but there are others if you have an Android phone) for subscribing to podcasts
- 41. Who Am I?
- 42. Who Am I? B. Tech Electrical Engineering from Benaras Hindu University (1977) M.S. Computer Engineering from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA (1980) Bell Labs (USA) and Mastek (India) C language programming, Industry future
- 43. Addresses Email Address ◦ samirsushah@gmail.com Comments on sites archive (more than 800 comments, more than 500 likes) ◦ http://disqus.com/samirsshah
Editor's Notes
- So you like computers, and have chosen to study them but you are worried about your future. I am here to show you how to face the future and that too with confidence.
- S – Satyam, W – Wipro, I – Infosys, T – TCS, C – Cognizant, H – HCL turn them off in your mind!!!
- S – Satyam, W – Wipro, I – Infosys, T – TCS, C – Cognizant, H – HCL turn them off in your mind!!!
- Getting into SWITCH is very hard, initially the pay is good but it tapers off unless you choose the management track. Working hours are so bad that I can wager anyone coming home before 10 p.m. You will do risk averse, non-creative work that Americans/Europeans chose to dump on you. Is TCS doing new Facebook features or new Twitter features? No. TCS is not even doing EX. Remember EX, the software that was much better than Tally but was killed by TCS after launching it with huge fanfare because it was not lucrative enough compared to outsourcing? Is there an alternative? Fortunately there is.
- Just say bye-bye to PCs. Not at your home or at your workplace, but in your mind, as a platform. Just repeat after me “I will not develop for PCs”. Join the mobility bandwagon, make smartphones/tablets what you develop for and contrary what anybody says PCs ARE DEFINITELY GOING AWAY. The only question is “when”.
- Android is a smartphone/tablet operating system from Google. It is Linux. It is open source and free. This the Android robot. Just like a penguin for Linux, this robot is a mascot for Android.
- One of the two operating systems for which phones are available for less than Rs. 10,000. And there is a choice of handsets available for all ranges; budget, mid and premium. After buying an Android you do not have to break the bank for getting useful applications. Free does not mean application developer are not making any money. An application developer can make money by displaying advertisements in his/her application.
- Android has already broken Rs. 10,000 barrier when other operating systems have not broken even Rs. 20,000 barrier. I expect Rs. 5,000 will get broken with handsets made form Chinese kits. The Rs. 2,500 will get broken next year with two pronged assault of ARM Cortex-A5 based SoCs and Chinese kits. ARM Cortex-A5 was developed just for budget handsets. Android has already broken Rs. 5,000 barrier (outside India with ST-Ericsson chips)
- Today is the right place and the right time to develop Indian Android/Bada applications. You start at the ground floor of the huge opportunity that is coming. And, THERE IS ROOM FOR EVERYBODY. You will still have a viable business even if whole of this class started writing Android/Bada applications. Heck, it may be true that you may still have a viable business even if ALL of the students whom I give this presentation started writing Android/Bada applications. Because Android/Bada numbers in India going to be that huge.
- You just need a PC and an Android phone. Why Ubuntu Linux? Because that is what Google uses as a development platform. If you want to use Windows you will have to be satisfied with a slow development pace because you have to use a software that emulates Linux on Windows (virtualization). Why Android 2.2? Because some advanced features like saving applications to an SD card or using speech anywhere needs Android 2.2. SDK is Software Development Kit and uses Java. NDK is Native Development Kit and uses C.
- Android is a “free” culture. Bada is not a “free” culture like Android but it does cater to lower end market like India. You have to give something free initially to get something later. So write something useful initially in one or two of your applications and make them available for free to show your development credibility. India is going to need a ton of Android/Bada applications and most of that is going to cater to consumers and Small and Medium Businesses (SMBs).
- Running a business is not for everybody. So you may want to have the cake and eat it too by working for an Android/Bada applications company. Icing on the cake will be the ability to look into Android source code (you may have more time than if you had your own business). Also, looking at Android source code may help your company to write better Android applications. Bada is NOT open source.
- All of these are equally important so I am presenting them in no particular order.
- It would have been better if 3G had come to India a few years earlier. But now that it has come it is going to have significant effect on India. The main one being democratization of Internet.
- This is a very, very conservative forecast. May happen much sooner.
- This is a very, very conservative forecast. May happen much sooner.
- After years and years of trying to bring telephony to small towns and rural areas (Sam Pitroda and CDOT has really tried hard, very hard) it was 2G that finally brought telephony to small towns and rural areas. In the same way 3G will finally bring Internet to small towns and rural areas, it is not that wire-line is not trying very hard (BSNL), it just a question of economics. Mature wireless technology is much cheaper to deploy then wire-line in low population density areas. National Broadband plan should allow these market forces to run without hindrance and may want to give them a boost by giving them back haul capacity cheaply. India has shown a very, very big foresight by auctioning off Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) spectrum. It will bring 4G to urban areas in a year and will slowly but surely move to small towns and rural areas. We may be late with 3G but WE MAY LEAPFROG TO 4G.
- Many of you will think that above is a misnomer, but it is not so. It is because we think it so. Indian freedom struggle in 1857 A.D. was named a “rebellion” by the British historians and many us thought it was so, me included, until somebody more patriotic started calling it a freedom struggle. Media like Newspapers, Cable TV and Radio have followed the path from English to Indian languages and computing is THE FINAL FRONTIER.
- The first step of Android/Bada will be to reach non-English knowing but literate Indians in their own language and slowly move down to illiterate Indians. I will be very happy if Google/Samsung did so, but if they do not, we will have to do it ourselves by diving into source code of Android. For Bada it has to be done by Samsung because Bada is not open source.
- Because you will never come across Indian languages in your curriculum, I have a very small tutorial that will guide you through the very basics of Indian language computing.
- Before Unicode there was only ASCII so India developed ISCII. Around late eighties and early nineties when Unicode started to get traction ISCII, in spirit, became a part of Unicode.
- In English what you input through keyboard comes one-to-one on the screen, except for very rare and very special case fonts that use ligatures like ‘ffi’ and combine them to one glyph on the screen. It is different for Indian languages where we have conjuncts like ‘ ज्ञ ’ , ‘ क्ष ’ and ‘ श्र ’ .
- ‘ ज्ञ ’ is stored, searched, sorted and archived as ‘ ज ’ , ‘ ् ’ , ‘ ञ ’ . But in PDF, which is virtual paper, it is ‘ ज्ञ ’ .
- Transliteration is a phonetic change of script which is almost one-to-one between Indian languages because varnamala for Indian languages is almost same. Transliteration is somewhat implementation dependant from Indian languages to English and vice versa. Input Method Editors allow a an English educated urban Indian to write in Indian languages. It has a keyboard which is used when transliteration does not do the job. In spite of so many millions of people speaking Indian languages. Only Google has machine translation and that too only to and from Hindi. It shows how much we have devalued our own Indian languages.
- Media in India will go through a major upheaval with wireless Internet. Some of it is already happening. The path of change did not happen to least bandwidth hungry medium, text, first because Indian language text is not available. Instead it went directly to audio. FM radio is totally heard on mobiles and is totally Indian language. Songs are sideloaded on a mobile by a PC savvy person and then it goes viral with many people transferring to their mobiles through Bluetooth. Video is almost very rare.
- Physical media costs more.
- Media has never reached satisfactorily to lower rung of Indians. We are seeing mobile penetration more than TV penetration and it is going to diverge even more. There are so many community televisions. A television can be a shared medium but a mobile is not. And as new mobiles replace old ones, so many people will have something in their pocket that does text, audio and, maybe limited, even video. The pent up demand for media is going to drive this explosion. Mobile is an ideal teacher because it is so personal. I am envisioning many, many literacy applications.
- Paper newspapers are on their way out, because their ads will go more and more to apps.
- Magazines show us a life that we want to attain to and because of that they are in color with vibrant ads popping up to catch our eye. Because of this high bandwidth requirement they will come to high end mobiles and tablets first.
- I have not followed recently but you may see New York Times bestseller’s list for hardcover and NONE of them would be available in India. Again, paper is on his way out.
- This is where the explosion is going to be the biggest, what required rupees will finally be available in paisa or even free. With Ebooks, Indian language books’ time has come.
- Instead of savvy consumers going to illegal sites for their mp3s, give them the legal ones with ads. If the song is catchy and legal bit rate is higher than the illegal sites’ there is a chance that the one with the ads is listened to.
- After all media explosion happening, video will still remain because video requires 1Mbps broadband. It is like TV but so much different where you get to decide what and when to watch. It is the ultimate freedom in watching media.
- Blogs are daily journals in reverse chronological order. You have heard of Amitabh’s and Aamir’s blogs. Podcasts are discussions, usually on a single topic, available for download and listening. Audiobooks are books read by professionals available in audio form.
- Web is in many ways a product of USA/Europe where people are affluent and can afford a PC. Because Web assumes that you have a 1024x768 screen or bigger. Mobile Web is, more or less, so reduced in information compared to the normal Web that it is useless.
- Smartphones will not have 1024x768 screens, and even if all screens became Retina displays, the characters will be so small to be of any use. Cheaper tablets using RockChip available outside India for Rs. 7,500 will make it possible for upper middle class Indians to have a tablet and surf the web. Tablets have to break Rs. 5,000 barrier before I go below 25/1 and recommend parity between apps and web in India.
- Even if we cram enough information in mobile Web, the hyperlink metaphor may be too difficult to grasp for mainstream. Instead I see applications taking on tasks usually performed by full/mobile Web. The growth will NOT be hockey stick but linear.
- As a developer you need to keep up with what is going on in technology, at least new Android/Bada versions and new Android/Bada phones.
- RSS feeds are mostly text and images taken from blog websites and given in a more readable form. An OPML (Outline Processor Markup Language) takes what websites are subscribed and gives it in a machine readable form. By using my OPML file you will subscribe to the website I subscribe to and add or delete websites.
- iTunes is best for subscribing and downloading podcasts but for listening to them on your phone, you will have to manually put the mp3 file in your phone.