The document provides an overview of footwear types and their components, including different classifications based on arch type and foot rotation. It discusses the significance of pronation and its effects on gait, alongside the importance of pedobarography and previous research in foot biomechanics. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of appropriate footwear in preventing lower limb injuries and the recommended replacement intervals for running shoes.

1. Kumar, Vasanth
Sports Scientist-Performance Coach
MISB, MBASES (UK), MACSM (US), MCASEM (CAN)

2. What is a foot wear?
 Outer coverings for the feet, such as
shoes, boots, and sandals.

3.  Boots
 Shoes
 Sandals
 Indoor foot wears

4.  Racing flats
 Track shoe
 Skate shoes
 Climbing shoe
 Wrestling shoes
 Cleats/Football boot
 Dance shoe

8.  Outsole
 Midsole
 Shank/Transition
Bridge
 Flex Grooves
 Heel Counter
 Heel Tab
 Achilles Notch
 Tongue
 Upper
 Toe Box
 Toe Cap

11.  Arch Classification
 Flat foot
 Normal arch
 High arch
Rotation Classification
 Pronated
 Normal
 Supinated

15.  Why do we refer the foot rotation as
under Pronation / Hyper Pronation?
 Pronation is the usual characteristic of
a complete gait
 The regular gait has 13 degrees of
pronation (Clarke et al., 1984)
 Pronation as the benchmark
 Too much is over pronation.
 Too less is Under pronation.

17.  What is Pedobarography?
 Study of pressure
 between the foot surface and the
surface that supports.

19.  253 researches on foot biomechanics have been
published since 1981 until 2002 (21 Years) an average
of 13 publications per annum.
 However, still the researchers are hunting for more
evidence in the field of foot biomechanics.
1981 - 1991
38%
1992 - 2002
62%
Publications
1981 - 1991 1992 - 2002

20.  Bruce J- Kilgore
 Lake Osweg
 Martyn R. Shorten
 1989 first filed patent for pronation
control on 8th of November (Patent
Number: 5,046,267).
 Nike was the first to get it patented.

21.  Hyper pronation (excessive medial rotation of the
talus) may exist without Pes Planus (Gould N, 1983)
 Forces acting on the foot during the stance phase act
as an input signal producing a muscle reaction.
(Nigg, Benno M, 2001)
 Powerful tool for controlling human movement.
 assist in reducing the number of lower limb injuries
arising from sport and training activities. (R.A.
Barnes & P.D. Smith, 1994)

22.  ASICS defines their stability category
shoe as “Structured Cushioning” for
Slightly Hyper Pronation with normal
Arch
 Many physicians still abide by the rule
of changing your shoes every 300-500
miles.
 Shock absorption loss after 250-500
miles of running. (Kong et al, 2009)

24.  Feet measured in a standing position
 end of the day is preferred
 appropriate to the activity
 Heel counters are the collar
 The toe box
 The midsole
 Flexibility
 Choose an outsole that best suites your
needs

25.  Clarke, T., Frederick, E., & Hamill C. 1984, “The study of rearfoot
movement in running” In: Frederick E., ed. Sport Shoes and
Playing Surfaces. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; pp.166-189.
 Gould N., Evaluation of hyperpronation and pes planus in adults.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983 Dec;(181):37-45
 Nigg, Benno M., The Role of Impact Forces and Foot Pronation:
A New Paradigm, Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2001, Jan;
(11):2-9
 R.A. Barnes & P.D. Smith, The role of footwear in minimizing
lower limb injury, Journal of Sports Sciences, 1994, (12,4):341-
353
 http://www.asicsamerica.com/Shoe-Fit-Guide/
 Kong PW, Candelaria NG, Smith DR. Running in new and worn
shoes: a comparison of three types of cushioning footwear. Br J
Sports Med. 2009 Oct;43(10):745-9. Epub 2008 Sep 18.