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FOOD IRRADIATION
OLEH
Eva Ni’maturohmah
NIM .146100100111015
ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
2015
Iradiasi sinar gamma
iradiasi bukan pengion
Tidak menimbulkan ionisasi
pada target materi
Daya tembus beberapa energi
pengion
Iradiasi pengion
Iradiasi dihasilkan pada
peristiwa peluruhan inti
atom yang tidak stabil
menjadi atom yang lebih
stabil dengan memancarkan
iradiasi
Radiasi adalah pancaran energi melalui suatu materi atau ruang
dalam bentuk panas, partikel atau gelombang
elektromagnetik/cahaya (foton) dari sumber radiasi.
Rancang bangun alat iradiasi
Isotope
Irradiation Plant
(1) irradiation chamber,
(2) control room,
(3) infeed conveyor,
(4) outlet conveyor,
(5) raw food store,
(6) irradiated product
store,
(7) concrete shielding
wall
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF
FOOD IS IRRADIATED?
• All irradiated food must be
labelled.
WHAT IS FOOD
IRRADIATION?
Food Irradiation
• Food irradiation is a process of exposing
foods, either prepackaged or in bulk to very
high-energy, invisible light waves (radiation)
such as gamma rays, X-rays or electron
beams.
Is irradiation affect Nutritive value
• Irradiation has very little effect on proteins,
Carbohydrates, Fats and Minerals.
• Vitamin A,E,C,K and B1 in foods are relatively
sensitive to radiation,niacin and Vitamin D
are very much stable
Advantage
• CODEX accepted Food Irradiation as a safe
and effective technology.
• People benefit from Food Irradiation due to
reduction in bacteria.
• > 100 food items are identified for food
irradiation.
DISADVANTAGES OF
FOOD IRRADIATION
• Irradiated foods may form chemical
products called “radiolytic products”
• Irradiation cannot be used with all foods.
It can causes undesirable flavor and texture
changes
• Food irradiation can destroy bacterial
spores but is not effective against viruses
Teori dan efek iradiasi
Sinar  dan elektron:
kemampuan mengionisasi
(memecah ikatan kimia bahan)
Produk bermuatan listrik (ion) /
netral (radikal bebas)
Reaksi
Pengaruh pada Mikrobia
Ion
•Mengubah struktur membran sel
•Mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim metabolik
•Mempengaruhi DNA / RNA dalam inti sel
Membunuh mikrobia
Dosis Iradiasi
Gy (Gray) = 100 rad
= 1 Joule / kg
kGy = 1000 Gy
Efek iradiasi gamma pada S. aureus
K. trudeau et al (2012)
Beberapa protein penting pada S. aureus
• protein 30S ribosom S12
• berperan dalam transkripsi
MW 15,2
kDa
• primase DNA
• untuk sintesis primer RNA untuk inisiasi replikasi
DNA
MW 69,2
kDa
• hanya DNA girase subunit B
MW 72,4
kDa
• bifunctional preprotein translocase subunit SecD
/ SecF
• quinol oxidase, subunit I
• terminal oksidase dalam rantai pernapasan
bakteri aerob dan mengkatalisis reduksi O2
MW 84,1
kDa
• 1,2 kGy
• 2,9 kGy
• 3,5 kGy
Dosis iradiasi
• Kerusakan
dinding sel
• Protein sel
keluar
Efek S. aureus • MW 17,7 kDa
• Regulator transktipsi
CtsR
• Protein yang
diperlukan untuk
pertumbuhan
kondisi termal shock
Protein yang
selalu terekskresi
Represi protein sel
efek irradiasi gamma pada E. coli
Irradiasi gamma
6 kGy
E coli terjadi
sintesis
peptidoglikan
pasca iradiasi
Monomer
Peptidoglikan
keluar dari
dinding sel dan
keluar pada
media
E. Coli
mengeluarkan
elicitor
menimbulkan
stimulus respon
baru pada
Drosopila
Perubahan morfologi
• Kondisi lingkungan yang stress pada bakteri gram negatif yang
berbentuk batang termasuk E. coli dapat menyebabkan
konversi morfologi menjadi bentuk mirip coccus
• peningkatan jumlah bakteri mencapai penampilan bulat,
mencapai 45% pada 168 HPI.
• Namun, peningkatan sementara tampaknya mendatar dan
tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan yang diamati antara 72
dan 168 HPI
Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelah
irradiasi (post-irradiation time poin)
untuk melacak DAP
yang tersisa dan
tidak dikeluarkan
memisahkan
ekstraseluler, fraksi
sitoplasma dan dinding
sel bakteri
Perubahan morfologi dari batang menjadi coccus karena
Perombakan PGN
manjadi glikan
Akumulasi
lipoprotein
Peningkatan
cross-linking
Mekanisme pelepasan TCT
Bakteri melepaskan TCT
TCT (tracheal cytotoxin) atau disakarida
tetrapeptida
TCT adalah fragmen peptidoglikan,
yang tampak pada cairan ekstra sel
TCTdapat merangsang pelepasan
cytokinIL-1, dan juga menyebabkan
demam dan foodborne disease
TCT (tracheal cytotoxin)
S
kesimpulannya
S. aureus
• pemaparan 2,9 kGy optimum mengekspresikan protein
dari sel
• Pemaparan 3,5 kGy kondisinya menjadi letal
E. coli
• Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelah
iradiasi
• Bentuk sel semula batang menjadi coccus
E. coli
• Terjadi sintesis peptidoglikan menjadi monomer glikan
• E. Coli melepaskan TCT (Tracheal cytotoxin) yang
menyebabkan foodborne disease
Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)

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Food irradiation effect to microbial (eva n)

  • 1. FOOD IRRADIATION OLEH Eva Ni’maturohmah NIM .146100100111015 ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN 2015
  • 2. Iradiasi sinar gamma iradiasi bukan pengion Tidak menimbulkan ionisasi pada target materi Daya tembus beberapa energi pengion Iradiasi pengion Iradiasi dihasilkan pada peristiwa peluruhan inti atom yang tidak stabil menjadi atom yang lebih stabil dengan memancarkan iradiasi Radiasi adalah pancaran energi melalui suatu materi atau ruang dalam bentuk panas, partikel atau gelombang elektromagnetik/cahaya (foton) dari sumber radiasi.
  • 4. Isotope Irradiation Plant (1) irradiation chamber, (2) control room, (3) infeed conveyor, (4) outlet conveyor, (5) raw food store, (6) irradiated product store, (7) concrete shielding wall
  • 5. HOW DO YOU KNOW IF FOOD IS IRRADIATED? • All irradiated food must be labelled.
  • 6.
  • 8. Food Irradiation • Food irradiation is a process of exposing foods, either prepackaged or in bulk to very high-energy, invisible light waves (radiation) such as gamma rays, X-rays or electron beams.
  • 9. Is irradiation affect Nutritive value • Irradiation has very little effect on proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats and Minerals. • Vitamin A,E,C,K and B1 in foods are relatively sensitive to radiation,niacin and Vitamin D are very much stable
  • 10. Advantage • CODEX accepted Food Irradiation as a safe and effective technology. • People benefit from Food Irradiation due to reduction in bacteria. • > 100 food items are identified for food irradiation.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 14. • Irradiated foods may form chemical products called “radiolytic products”
  • 15. • Irradiation cannot be used with all foods. It can causes undesirable flavor and texture changes
  • 16. • Food irradiation can destroy bacterial spores but is not effective against viruses
  • 17. Teori dan efek iradiasi Sinar  dan elektron: kemampuan mengionisasi (memecah ikatan kimia bahan) Produk bermuatan listrik (ion) / netral (radikal bebas) Reaksi
  • 18. Pengaruh pada Mikrobia Ion •Mengubah struktur membran sel •Mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim metabolik •Mempengaruhi DNA / RNA dalam inti sel Membunuh mikrobia
  • 19. Dosis Iradiasi Gy (Gray) = 100 rad = 1 Joule / kg kGy = 1000 Gy
  • 20. Efek iradiasi gamma pada S. aureus K. trudeau et al (2012)
  • 21.
  • 22. Beberapa protein penting pada S. aureus • protein 30S ribosom S12 • berperan dalam transkripsi MW 15,2 kDa • primase DNA • untuk sintesis primer RNA untuk inisiasi replikasi DNA MW 69,2 kDa • hanya DNA girase subunit B MW 72,4 kDa • bifunctional preprotein translocase subunit SecD / SecF • quinol oxidase, subunit I • terminal oksidase dalam rantai pernapasan bakteri aerob dan mengkatalisis reduksi O2 MW 84,1 kDa
  • 23. • 1,2 kGy • 2,9 kGy • 3,5 kGy Dosis iradiasi • Kerusakan dinding sel • Protein sel keluar Efek S. aureus • MW 17,7 kDa • Regulator transktipsi CtsR • Protein yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan kondisi termal shock Protein yang selalu terekskresi Represi protein sel
  • 24. efek irradiasi gamma pada E. coli Irradiasi gamma 6 kGy E coli terjadi sintesis peptidoglikan pasca iradiasi Monomer Peptidoglikan keluar dari dinding sel dan keluar pada media E. Coli mengeluarkan elicitor menimbulkan stimulus respon baru pada Drosopila
  • 25.
  • 26. Perubahan morfologi • Kondisi lingkungan yang stress pada bakteri gram negatif yang berbentuk batang termasuk E. coli dapat menyebabkan konversi morfologi menjadi bentuk mirip coccus • peningkatan jumlah bakteri mencapai penampilan bulat, mencapai 45% pada 168 HPI. • Namun, peningkatan sementara tampaknya mendatar dan tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan yang diamati antara 72 dan 168 HPI Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelah irradiasi (post-irradiation time poin)
  • 27. untuk melacak DAP yang tersisa dan tidak dikeluarkan memisahkan ekstraseluler, fraksi sitoplasma dan dinding sel bakteri
  • 28. Perubahan morfologi dari batang menjadi coccus karena Perombakan PGN manjadi glikan Akumulasi lipoprotein Peningkatan cross-linking
  • 30. Bakteri melepaskan TCT TCT (tracheal cytotoxin) atau disakarida tetrapeptida TCT adalah fragmen peptidoglikan, yang tampak pada cairan ekstra sel TCTdapat merangsang pelepasan cytokinIL-1, dan juga menyebabkan demam dan foodborne disease
  • 32. S
  • 33. kesimpulannya S. aureus • pemaparan 2,9 kGy optimum mengekspresikan protein dari sel • Pemaparan 3,5 kGy kondisinya menjadi letal E. coli • Dinding sel mengalami perubahan ekstensif setelah iradiasi • Bentuk sel semula batang menjadi coccus E. coli • Terjadi sintesis peptidoglikan menjadi monomer glikan • E. Coli melepaskan TCT (Tracheal cytotoxin) yang menyebabkan foodborne disease