The FlavourSpec® comprises advantages of a Gas Chromatograph (GC) with regard to selectivity and outstanding sensitivity of an Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS) enabling the analysis of volatiles in the headspace of liquids and solid samples without any sample pre-treatment..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/flavourspec
Process Analytical Technology
• Hardness monitoring
• Moisture distribution mapping
• Powder drying process monitoring and end point determination
• Capsule content examination
• Particle size monitoring
• Detection of foreign objects in powders
Cleaver Scientific are suppliers of a wide range of electrophoresis systems as well as other products and accessories. We manufacture equipment that is used in life science laboratories all over the world. While our core focus is electrophoresis, our extended product range features everything from pipettes to radiation shielding. We offer FREE shipping worldwide on our extensive product range..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/cleaver-scientific
GC-7800 is a classical gas chromatograph instrument which integrates the most advanced chromatography technique and national or international standards with the most extensive applications by the experienced experts of Labthink.
GC-7800 is a classical gas chromatograph instrument which integrates the most advanced chromatography technique and national or international standards with the most extensive applications by the experienced experts of Labthink.
Ingold was founded in 1948 by Dr. Werner Ingold. Today, Ingold
provides the broadest range of inline analytical measurement solutions for industrial processes in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical, and beverage industries. Ingold offers systems for the measurement parameters of pH / ORP, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved CO2, conductivity and turbidity. Latest developments include optical DO sensors and intelligent in-line
sensor management solutions for optimized maintenance management in demanding applications.
The EVOM Auto automates measurements of TEER in epithelial or endothelial monolayers cultured on high throughput screening (HTS) 24 and 96-well and plates utilizing our innovative EVOM technology, qualitatively measuring cell monolayer health and quantitatively measuring cell confluence by determining an increase or a plateau in tissue resistance..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/-evom-auto--high-throughput-screening-system-
Process Analytical Technology
• Hardness monitoring
• Moisture distribution mapping
• Powder drying process monitoring and end point determination
• Capsule content examination
• Particle size monitoring
• Detection of foreign objects in powders
Cleaver Scientific are suppliers of a wide range of electrophoresis systems as well as other products and accessories. We manufacture equipment that is used in life science laboratories all over the world. While our core focus is electrophoresis, our extended product range features everything from pipettes to radiation shielding. We offer FREE shipping worldwide on our extensive product range..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/cleaver-scientific
GC-7800 is a classical gas chromatograph instrument which integrates the most advanced chromatography technique and national or international standards with the most extensive applications by the experienced experts of Labthink.
GC-7800 is a classical gas chromatograph instrument which integrates the most advanced chromatography technique and national or international standards with the most extensive applications by the experienced experts of Labthink.
Ingold was founded in 1948 by Dr. Werner Ingold. Today, Ingold
provides the broadest range of inline analytical measurement solutions for industrial processes in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical, and beverage industries. Ingold offers systems for the measurement parameters of pH / ORP, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved CO2, conductivity and turbidity. Latest developments include optical DO sensors and intelligent in-line
sensor management solutions for optimized maintenance management in demanding applications.
The EVOM Auto automates measurements of TEER in epithelial or endothelial monolayers cultured on high throughput screening (HTS) 24 and 96-well and plates utilizing our innovative EVOM technology, qualitatively measuring cell monolayer health and quantitatively measuring cell confluence by determining an increase or a plateau in tissue resistance..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/-evom-auto--high-throughput-screening-system-
ELK Biotech offers thousands of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for researchers, The species include human, mouse, rat, rabbit, monkey, porcine, etc. As a professional ELISA kits manufacturer and supplier, our ELISA test kits have been strictly quality-controlled to ensure the accuracy of results. Elabscience is committed to providing high quality ELISA kits with a very economical price..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/elisa-kit
SOTAX is a leading independent company for pharmaceutical testing equipment. The company owes its independence to its sustained economic success. The SOTAX Group is a global success story and has subsidiaries around the world that are familiar with local needs and practices..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/sotax
Rugged and reliable, the ORIGINAL Vortex-Genie 2 is our most popular vortex mixer. It variable speed control allows high speed shaking or vortexing with tough metal housing. It is ready for use with supplied with 3 inch Platform (shown) and Pop-Off Cup..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/-genie-2--vortex-mixer
IKA ROTAVISC lo-vi HELI Complete determines the viscosity of low-viscosity liquids in all areas of application ranging from the laboratory to quality control. The scope of delivery includes a standard spindle set (SP 1-SP 4), a protective bracket, temperature sensor and HELISTAND stand incl. T-spindle set..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/rotavisc-heli-complete
ELK Biotechnology is a high-tech biological company focusing on the development and production of immune products and molecular biology products. Products cover ELISA kits, antibodies, genome extraction reagents, molecular biology reagents. Involved in immunochemistry, tumor research, neurobiology, cell cycle, signal transduction and other fields..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/elk-biotechnology
Yokogawa is a leading provider of Industrial Automation and Test and Measurement solutions. Combining superior technology with engineering services, project management, and maintenance, Yokogawa delivers field proven operational efficiency, safety, quality, and reliability..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/yokogawa
Dickson has been an industry leader and innovator in environmental monitoring and compliance solutions. From then until now, Dickson’s rich history is marked with innovation in solving the biggest compliance and monitoring challenges in the most heavily regulated industries..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/dickson
HiMedia has ventured into intuitive medicine by means of PCR based detection of anti-microbial markers helping clinicians to decide their drug of choice. They are also enhancing the bioinformatics space for sequencing and post sequencing gene mapping analysis. HiMedia’s insights, ambitions, and accomplishments, in many ways, compliment the stellar community of Indian scientists..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/himedia-laboratories
Akoya announced the launch of PhenoCode™ Signature Panels for high-throughput spatial biomarker discovery and validation on the PhenoImager® platforms, providing the flexibility to keep pace with the dynamic combination therapy landscape. Additionally, Akoya has brought new datasets of spatial imaging of complementary RNA and protein biomarkers on the PhenoCycler®-Fusion system, which reveal insights into tumor biology and immunotherapyresponse..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/akoya-biosciences
Park FX40 takes care of everything automatically: from tip pick up to landing to full autonomous scanning of the sample at a click of a button. It does this by infusing robotics, AI and machine learning into its groundbreaking FX system..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/park-fx40--atomic-force-microscope
Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX Desktop SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is a multi-purpose desktop SEM designed for multiple applications at the microscale. The Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX is a versatile desktop SEM solution for high quality analysis in-house. It gives you the ability to carry out speedy analysis, verification and classification of materials, supporting, your production with fast, accurate and trusted data..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/phenom-particlex-desktop-sem
Captair Bio 391 Smart Mobile Ductless Filtering PCR WorkstationGaia Science Pte Ltd
Erlab Captair Bio 391 Smart Mobile Ductless Filtering PCR Workstation features a high efficiency filtration system that provides a particulate free atmosphere around the manipulation. A high energy UV light is used to decontaminate the worktop from biological cross-contamination between operations..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/captair-bio-391-smart--mobile-ductless-filtering-pcr-workstation
DLAB Scientific Levo Plus Pipette Filler is an ergonomic fast pipetting solution with accurate speed control. It compatible with most of the plastic and glass pipettes from 0.1 -100mL..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/levo-plus-pipette-filler
The PhenoCycler™-Fusion allows spatial phenotyping of millions of cells at unprecedented scale and speed. Its Mapping millions of cells and their interactions in a single intact tissue section facilitates the discovery of rare cell types, cellular neighborhoods, and spatial functional states. Push the frontiers of spatial biology with your team using the PhenoCycler solutions (formerly CODEX®)..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/phenocycler--fusion-system
Percival Scientific makes various scientific equipment including the best biological incubators, research chambers, environment control systems etc. Phenospex is a biotech company, which develops and provides hard- and software for automated plant screening and plant phenotyping. JIUPO's main products are environmental controlled rooms, movable plant growth chamber, plant lighting solutions which range from standard style to highly configured style and customized solutions..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/subcategories/plant-biology
Cleaver Scientific manufacture equipment that is used in life science laboratories all over the world. While our core focus is electrophoresis, our extended product range features everything from pipettes to radiation shielding..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/cleaver-scientific
Gaia Science supplying a wide range of scientific and laboratory equipment to universities, research institutions, and industries. We have large essentials like freezers, ovens, or an incubator, microscopes, refractometers, and water baths, spatulas, and pH meters and etc..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/
Gaia Science provide the Purair Advanced Series ductless fume hoods are available in 21 standard sizes. This Series of high-efficiency products is designed to protect the user and the environment from hazardous vapors generated on the work surface..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productcategories/ductless-fume-hood-laboratory-essentials
CO2 Incubators are used for cell culture applications and offer a range of state-of-the-art benchtop and reach-in models with precision temperature, relative humidity and CO2 level control..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productcategories/co2-incubators-laboratory-essentials
ELK Biotech offers thousands of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for researchers, The species include human, mouse, rat, rabbit, monkey, porcine, etc. As a professional ELISA kits manufacturer and supplier, our ELISA test kits have been strictly quality-controlled to ensure the accuracy of results. Elabscience is committed to providing high quality ELISA kits with a very economical price..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/elisa-kit
SOTAX is a leading independent company for pharmaceutical testing equipment. The company owes its independence to its sustained economic success. The SOTAX Group is a global success story and has subsidiaries around the world that are familiar with local needs and practices..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/sotax
Rugged and reliable, the ORIGINAL Vortex-Genie 2 is our most popular vortex mixer. It variable speed control allows high speed shaking or vortexing with tough metal housing. It is ready for use with supplied with 3 inch Platform (shown) and Pop-Off Cup..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/-genie-2--vortex-mixer
IKA ROTAVISC lo-vi HELI Complete determines the viscosity of low-viscosity liquids in all areas of application ranging from the laboratory to quality control. The scope of delivery includes a standard spindle set (SP 1-SP 4), a protective bracket, temperature sensor and HELISTAND stand incl. T-spindle set..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/rotavisc-heli-complete
ELK Biotechnology is a high-tech biological company focusing on the development and production of immune products and molecular biology products. Products cover ELISA kits, antibodies, genome extraction reagents, molecular biology reagents. Involved in immunochemistry, tumor research, neurobiology, cell cycle, signal transduction and other fields..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/elk-biotechnology
Yokogawa is a leading provider of Industrial Automation and Test and Measurement solutions. Combining superior technology with engineering services, project management, and maintenance, Yokogawa delivers field proven operational efficiency, safety, quality, and reliability..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/yokogawa
Dickson has been an industry leader and innovator in environmental monitoring and compliance solutions. From then until now, Dickson’s rich history is marked with innovation in solving the biggest compliance and monitoring challenges in the most heavily regulated industries..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/dickson
HiMedia has ventured into intuitive medicine by means of PCR based detection of anti-microbial markers helping clinicians to decide their drug of choice. They are also enhancing the bioinformatics space for sequencing and post sequencing gene mapping analysis. HiMedia’s insights, ambitions, and accomplishments, in many ways, compliment the stellar community of Indian scientists..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/himedia-laboratories
Akoya announced the launch of PhenoCode™ Signature Panels for high-throughput spatial biomarker discovery and validation on the PhenoImager® platforms, providing the flexibility to keep pace with the dynamic combination therapy landscape. Additionally, Akoya has brought new datasets of spatial imaging of complementary RNA and protein biomarkers on the PhenoCycler®-Fusion system, which reveal insights into tumor biology and immunotherapyresponse..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/akoya-biosciences
Park FX40 takes care of everything automatically: from tip pick up to landing to full autonomous scanning of the sample at a click of a button. It does this by infusing robotics, AI and machine learning into its groundbreaking FX system..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/park-fx40--atomic-force-microscope
Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX Desktop SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) is a multi-purpose desktop SEM designed for multiple applications at the microscale. The Thermo Scientific Phenom ParticleX is a versatile desktop SEM solution for high quality analysis in-house. It gives you the ability to carry out speedy analysis, verification and classification of materials, supporting, your production with fast, accurate and trusted data..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/phenom-particlex-desktop-sem
Captair Bio 391 Smart Mobile Ductless Filtering PCR WorkstationGaia Science Pte Ltd
Erlab Captair Bio 391 Smart Mobile Ductless Filtering PCR Workstation features a high efficiency filtration system that provides a particulate free atmosphere around the manipulation. A high energy UV light is used to decontaminate the worktop from biological cross-contamination between operations..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/captair-bio-391-smart--mobile-ductless-filtering-pcr-workstation
DLAB Scientific Levo Plus Pipette Filler is an ergonomic fast pipetting solution with accurate speed control. It compatible with most of the plastic and glass pipettes from 0.1 -100mL..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/levo-plus-pipette-filler
The PhenoCycler™-Fusion allows spatial phenotyping of millions of cells at unprecedented scale and speed. Its Mapping millions of cells and their interactions in a single intact tissue section facilitates the discovery of rare cell types, cellular neighborhoods, and spatial functional states. Push the frontiers of spatial biology with your team using the PhenoCycler solutions (formerly CODEX®)..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productdetails/phenocycler--fusion-system
Percival Scientific makes various scientific equipment including the best biological incubators, research chambers, environment control systems etc. Phenospex is a biotech company, which develops and provides hard- and software for automated plant screening and plant phenotyping. JIUPO's main products are environmental controlled rooms, movable plant growth chamber, plant lighting solutions which range from standard style to highly configured style and customized solutions..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/subcategories/plant-biology
Cleaver Scientific manufacture equipment that is used in life science laboratories all over the world. While our core focus is electrophoresis, our extended product range features everything from pipettes to radiation shielding..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/branddetails/cleaver-scientific
Gaia Science supplying a wide range of scientific and laboratory equipment to universities, research institutions, and industries. We have large essentials like freezers, ovens, or an incubator, microscopes, refractometers, and water baths, spatulas, and pH meters and etc..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/
Gaia Science provide the Purair Advanced Series ductless fume hoods are available in 21 standard sizes. This Series of high-efficiency products is designed to protect the user and the environment from hazardous vapors generated on the work surface..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productcategories/ductless-fume-hood-laboratory-essentials
CO2 Incubators are used for cell culture applications and offer a range of state-of-the-art benchtop and reach-in models with precision temperature, relative humidity and CO2 level control..https://www.gaiascience.com.sg/productcategories/co2-incubators-laboratory-essentials
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
FlavourSpec Gas Chromatograph And Ion Mobility Spectrometer
1. Bottling Headspace
preparation
Sampling Sample
injection
Data
analysis
Gas Chromatograph-Ion Mobility Spectrometer (GC-IMS)
Scent
to
Sight!
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Transforming invisible flavour into visible fingerprint through
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FERRERO defined a collaboration with FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH to support
quality control at production level during roasting of hazelnuts
Scientific collaboration with the University of Bologna coordinating the OLEUM
project on olive oil research
Key Features