introduction: Social theory refers to ideas, arguments, hypotheses, thought experiments, and explanatory speculations about how and why human societies or elements or structures of such societies come to be formed, change, and develop over time or disappear There are five social theories Functionalism Marxism Feminism Interactionism Postmodernism functionalism: A structural consensus theory that emphasizes the positive functions performed by social institutions in maintaining social order and value consensus, key theorists associated with functionalism include Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons. maziszm: Marx’s social conflict theory argues societies are divided based on social class —the bourgeoisie owning capital and the proletariat working for low wages. Marxism highlights the exploitative relationship between the bourgeoisie and proletariat, where workers are paid less than the value of what they produce. Meanwhile, capitalism, which is the opposite of communism, allows private individuals with capital to invest, make money, and retain profit. The ruling classes use ideological control to maintain their dominance. Marx believed in the necessity of revolution to establish a communist society with equality and freedom. feminism: A social theory and political movement that aims to understand and address gender inequalities. Patriarchy refers to a society where women are systematically disadvantaged. Gender scripts are learned patterns of behavior associated with different genders. Liberal, Marxist, and radical feminism emphasizes different aspects of gender equality.  A social theory and political movement that aims to understand and address gender inequalities. Patriarchy refers to a society where women are systematically disadvantaged. Gender scripts are learned patterns of behavior associated with different genders. Liberal, Marxist, and radical feminism emphasizes different aspects of gender equality.  A sociological perspective that places less emphasis on social structures and instead focuses on how individuals perceive themselves and actively shape their identities through interactions with others. Prominent interactionist theorists include Ervin Goffman and Howard Becker. This theory challenges the certainties of the modernist era emphasizes fluidity and unpredictability. Postmodernists question science and social progress. The service sector economy refers to a society where most people work in services rather than agriculture or manufacturing. Consumer culture emphasizes consumption as a source of identity and status. Social fragmentation refers to the splitting up of communities. Hyperreality describes a society where people cannot distinguish between media representations of reality and actual reality.

1. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Social theories
1. Functionalism
2. Marxism
3. Feminism
4. Interactionism
5. Postmodernism


2. INTRODUCTION
 Social theory refers to ideas, arguments, hypotheses, thought
experiments, and explanatory speculations about how and why human
societies or elements or structures of such societies come to be
formed, change, and develop over time or disappear

3. THEORIES
 There are five social theories
1. Functionalism
2. Marxism
3. Feminism
4. Interactionism
5. Postmodernism

5. 1. FUNCTIONALISM
 A structural consensus theory that emphasizes the positive
functions performed by social institutions in maintaining social order
and value consensus, key theorists associated with functionalism
include Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons.

6. 2.MARXISM
 Marx’s social conflict theory argues societies are divided based on
social class —the bourgeoisie owning capital and the proletariat
working for low wages.
 Marxism highlights the exploitative relationship between the
bourgeoisie and proletariat, where workers are paid less than the value
of what they produce.

7. 2.MARXISM
 Meanwhile, capitalism, which is the opposite of communism,
allows private individuals with capital to invest, make money, and
retain profit.
 The ruling classes use ideological control to maintain their
dominance.
 Marx believed in the necessity of revolution to establish a
communist society with equality and freedom.

8. 3. FEMINISM
 A social theory and political movement that aims to understand and
address gender inequalities.
 Patriarchy refers to a society where women are systematically
disadvantaged.
 Gender scripts are learned patterns of behavior associated with
different genders.
 Liberal, Marxist, and radical feminism emphasizes different aspects of
gender equality.

9. 3. FEMINISM
 Deconstruction involves critically analyzing norms to expose their
social construct nature.
 Interactionism focuses on how individuals construct their
identities through interactions with others, with concepts like the
looking glass self and social identity.

10. 4. INTERACTIONISM
 A sociological perspective that places less emphasis on social
structures and instead focuses on how individuals perceive themselves
and actively shape their identities through interactions with others.
Prominent interactionist theorists include Ervin Goffman and
Howard Becker.

11. 5. POSTMODERNISM
 This theory challenges the certainties of the modernist era
emphasizes fluidity and unpredictability.
 Postmodernists question science and social progress.
 The service sector economy refers to a society where most people
work in services rather than agriculture or manufacturing.

12. 5. POSTMODERNISM
 Consumer culture emphasizes consumption as a source of identity
and status.
 Social fragmentation refers to the splitting up of communities.
 Hyperreality describes a society where people cannot distinguish
between media representations of reality and actual reality.