The document proposes making environmental impairment insurance mandatory for businesses that impact the environment. It outlines 10 types of environmental insurance policies and recommends a minimum liability limit of 50 million pesos. It also suggests implementing loss prevention measures through annual inspections and establishing a "Green Police Unit" to monitor businesses and educate the public on environmental protection. The goal is to sustainably protect the Philippines' natural resources and environment for current and future generations.
The summary is in 3 sentences:
Rose, an 87-year-old woman, decided to pursue her lifelong dream of getting a college education. She became friends with many students on campus and inspired them with her energy, humor and passion for life. At a football party, she gave a speech encouraging students to keep their dreams alive and never stop growing and learning, even as they grow older.
Presentation regarding solutions for chronic pain including myofascial therapies.
Prepared by Dr. Richard Burg, Chiropractor, Nutrition Consultant and owner of Active Wellness Chiropractic in Oakland, CA
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
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Environmental insurance market status Q1 2017Graeme Cross
This paper provides an update on the status of the marketplace for environmental insurance as of early 2017. It starts with a look at the environmental risks associated with a number of common industrial, commercial and institutional activities, and then considers various aspects of the marketplace, with a look at the insurance companies that sell environmental coverage, a review of who buys it and what is new in the market for this year.
The next big thing - Environmental insurance for the rest of usAlan Thorn
The document discusses environmental insurance for businesses of all sizes, as any property owner can be responsible for environmental cleanup costs regardless of fault. It provides four reasons why more businesses are considering environmental impairment liability (EIL) insurance: 1) property owners are liable for cleanups of contaminated properties they own; 2) power outages can cause environmental incidents; 3) seemingly harmless materials can still cause environmental issues; and 4) poorly handled environmental incidents can seriously damage a business's reputation. The document promotes EIL insurance from Liberty International Underwriters to cover these growing risks.
Environmental Liability Insurance & EU Directive 2004/35/EUGeorge Koutinas
The document discusses environmental liability and European Directive 2004/35/EK. It provides an overview of the parameters affecting business liability, including technical, social, international, commercial, economic, and legal factors. It explains that environmental liability under the directive is considered "strict" and that having an operating permit does not exempt one from liability. The directive establishes the "polluter pays principle" and requires adequate financial security like insurance to cover environmental damage from business activities.
The summary is in 3 sentences:
Rose, an 87-year-old woman, decided to pursue her lifelong dream of getting a college education. She became friends with many students on campus and inspired them with her energy, humor and passion for life. At a football party, she gave a speech encouraging students to keep their dreams alive and never stop growing and learning, even as they grow older.
Presentation regarding solutions for chronic pain including myofascial therapies.
Prepared by Dr. Richard Burg, Chiropractor, Nutrition Consultant and owner of Active Wellness Chiropractic in Oakland, CA
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
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Environmental insurance market status Q1 2017Graeme Cross
This paper provides an update on the status of the marketplace for environmental insurance as of early 2017. It starts with a look at the environmental risks associated with a number of common industrial, commercial and institutional activities, and then considers various aspects of the marketplace, with a look at the insurance companies that sell environmental coverage, a review of who buys it and what is new in the market for this year.
The next big thing - Environmental insurance for the rest of usAlan Thorn
The document discusses environmental insurance for businesses of all sizes, as any property owner can be responsible for environmental cleanup costs regardless of fault. It provides four reasons why more businesses are considering environmental impairment liability (EIL) insurance: 1) property owners are liable for cleanups of contaminated properties they own; 2) power outages can cause environmental incidents; 3) seemingly harmless materials can still cause environmental issues; and 4) poorly handled environmental incidents can seriously damage a business's reputation. The document promotes EIL insurance from Liberty International Underwriters to cover these growing risks.
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The document discusses environmental liability and European Directive 2004/35/EK. It provides an overview of the parameters affecting business liability, including technical, social, international, commercial, economic, and legal factors. It explains that environmental liability under the directive is considered "strict" and that having an operating permit does not exempt one from liability. The directive establishes the "polluter pays principle" and requires adequate financial security like insurance to cover environmental damage from business activities.
This document summarizes presentations from an event on environmental risk management. It includes presentations from Valerie Fogleman on the Environmental Liability Directive, Pierre Sonigo on managing risks related to the directive, and Christopher Robertson on how corporations can manage environmental risks through insurance policies and risk transfer. The document discusses key concepts in the directive, variations in its implementation, uncertainties and risks, and strategies for managing compliance.
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Hazardous waste removal and disposal pose significant risks to the environment and public health. Hazardous waste refers to waste that is potentially harmful or dangerous to human health or the environment.
Espair Insurance Company was incorporated in 2009 and aims to have a large market share in Ghana's insurance industry within two years. It currently has six branches nationwide and plans to expand nationwide. The presentation introduces Espair's leadership and staff members, who were selected based on personality traits matching their roles. Their vision is to provide excellent customer service and enhance clients' peace of mind.
The document discusses pollution legal liability insurance for institutions of higher education from AIG Higher Education Risk Solutions. It outlines various pollution risks schools face from leaking storage tanks, mold, chemical spills, and more. The policy covers on-site clean up, third party claims, and business interruption due to pollution incidents. It also provides risk assessment and emergency response services to help prevent losses and efficiently handle environmental crises.
The European Union Environmental Liability DirectiveGraeme Cross
The Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) is
a legislative act of the European Union creating new
and significant potential liabilities for costs, damages
and losses for operators and companies regulated
by the ELD. All EU members have now adopted the
ELD into their national laws, making compliance
unavoidable for companies operating in EU member
states regardless of where they are headquartered.
This document discusses Chubb's Premises Pollution Liability (PPL) insurance policies. It explains that environmental risks and regulations can impact any business. Chubb's PPL policies provide pollution liability coverage for various property types, including commercial, retail, agricultural, and industrial. Coverage includes sudden and gradual pollution events. The PPL policies have flexible features, minimum premiums start at $5,000, and limits up to $50 million are available. Chubb also provides risk control services and environmental incident response assistance to policyholders.
LIABILITY INSURANCE in Energy & Shipping - IENE Seminar 2013George Koutinas
In this presentation, the main liability insurance forms are mentioned with a particular emphasis to the Environmental Liability issue, as, it has become a major concern for the business entities involved.
Insurance, from its very beginning that was established, constantly remains a valuable financially supporting tool to the maritime industry.
From the traditional coverage of standard assets (Hull & Machinery) and Cargo, following the broader socio-economic evolution and the new risk management demands, insurance has been extended to also cover “intangible assets” like Liabilities.
Conventional Marine Liability related to Third Parties, to Employees and to the Environment, are successfully treated by the Protection & Indemnity (P&I) Clubs. However, taking into account the current legal trends towards protection of the Public, the Clients, the Consumers and the Stakeholders as well as the strict regulations in respect of the Environment protection, Liability Insurance has become an even more serious business issue.
New upgraded Liability Insurance forms have to be applied by the maritime industry in a more rational way, especially when dealing with “high risk” activities like the transportation of energy substances (oil, gas, coal and radioactive).
In the contemporary business environment, insurance products like "Charterer’s Liability”, "Professional Liability”, “Management Liability” (Directors & Officers’) and "Environmental Liability”, have to be thoroughly examined and adequately applied, in order to assure appropriate financial security.
This document discusses safety in industrial process plants. It covers the need for safety programs in industries that deal with hazardous materials and large amounts of energy. These safety programs aim to control hazards and reduce risks. Potential hazards addressed include extreme operating conditions, toxic chemicals, and safe chemical handling. The document also discusses human factors in accident prevention through better equipment and machine design tailored to human abilities. It outlines threshold limit values for exposure to various chemicals and substances.
This document discusses environmental liability and principles related to environmental law. It defines environmental liability as potential environmental costs a buyer incurs when purchasing an asset, including taking ownership of existing liabilities. The document outlines various types of environmental liabilities under federal, state, and local laws such as compliance obligations, remediation obligations, fines, compensation, and punitive damages. It also discusses the precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, and how these principles have been applied in Indian case law to protect the environment when scientific data is limited.
Environmental insurance, types , advantages and disadvantages, limitations an...Home
Environmental insurance is a type of insurance that protects businesses from the financial consequences of environmental damage. This can include pollution incidents, contaminated property, and regulatory fines. Environmental insurance can be a valuable tool for businesses of all sizes, as it can help to protect their financial bottom line and reputations.
The document outlines a disaster management plan for petroleum installations. It defines disasters and emergencies, categorizes them by level of severity, and describes the key elements that should be included in an emergency plan such as emergency organization structure, responsibilities of key members, communication procedures, response strategies, evacuation plans, resources, and regular mock drills. The overall goal of the emergency plan is to effectively control incidents and minimize damage, injuries, and impact on employees, property and the environment.
Eco insurance - risk management for the 21st century - final - printPlanet2025 Network
Humankind’s failure to reinvest a portion of the monetary riches provided by nature back into the globe’s life-supporting ecosystems has produced a mounting deficit on the world’s ecological balance of payments. This deficit has now grown to be 20 percent of the Earth's capacity - we are consuming resources 20 percent faster than they regenerate.
Allianz construction (part two) - Legislation, Risk Management and InsuranceGraeme Cross
- The document discusses various legislation and regulations that affect the construction industry in the UK, including health and safety laws. It outlines duties around topics like the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015, occupational diseases, fire safety, noise exposure, workplace transport, and confined spaces.
- It also discusses how complying with legislation and properly managing risks can help construction firms reduce insurance costs and liability, while non-compliance could result in coverage being withdrawn or invalidated. Having the right insurance is important for construction businesses to manage their legal obligations and business costs.
The document is a survey report from UNEP FI that summarizes responses from over 50 global insurance organizations on how climate change is affecting their risk management and risk transfer activities. Insurers perceive climate change as a real and growing challenge, especially for property insurance where claims data already shows impacts. While risks are currently low to moderate across all insurance lines, insurers expect relevance to increase in the future, reaching moderate levels for most lines and high relevance for property. They see impacts already and expect effects to spread to other lines like life and health insurance.
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The document advertises an environmental insurance forum that will provide education on environmental risk management and insurance solutions. It notes that environmental insurance is an underpenetrated market with opportunities for new business. Attendees will learn about innovative insurance products and how to effectively use environmental insurance to open doors to other types of coverage for a wide range of clients.
The document summarizes a joint statement from global insurance industry leaders calling for collaboration with governments to address climate change risks. It outlines that climate change is accelerating extreme weather events and risks, and without action to reduce emissions the capacity to limit global warming will diminish. The insurance industry can incentivize risk prevention, facilitate risk transfer, and provide analysis. The statement calls for public-private partnerships along the risk management process, from data sharing to developing incentives for climate adaptation and resilience. It urges governments and multilateral organizations to support disaster risk reduction and climate action through these collaborative approaches.
Pareto optimality refers to a situation where it is not possible to make one person better off without making another worse off. A Pareto improvement is an allocation where at least one person is better off and no one is worse off. The Coase theorem states that when property rights are clearly defined and parties can negotiate costlessly, the efficient outcome will occur regardless of who owns the property rights. However, when property rights are unclear or not protected, market failures can occur where no solution satisfies all parties. Traffic congestion is an example where, since no entity owns the roads, there is no incentive to charge higher rates during peak hours or provide discounts during non-peak hours.
This chapter discusses various types of property and liability insurance. It covers worker's compensation insurance, public liability insurance, motor/automobile insurance, property insurance (including fire, burglary and plate glass), cargo/marine insurance, aviation insurance, machinery insurance, financial products, and agricultural insurance. The key types are defined and their purpose and coverage scope explained in 1-3 sentences for each.
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Environmental liability transfers (ELTs) can be used as an alternative way to structure complex contaminated property transactions. ELTs are used to eliminate risk and resolve critical issues during mergers and acquisitions, bankruptcies, and other matters related to corporate environmental responsibility. The session, which will include the presentation of various case studies, will illustrate how an ELT can move an environmentally-distressed site out of stagnation, creating a financed pathway to remediation and redevelopment.
The document provides an overview of different types of insurance. It defines insurance and key principles such as utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, subrogation, contribution and proximate cause. It describes different types of general insurance including property insurance (fire, burglary), motor insurance, liability insurance, personal accident insurance and health insurance. It provides details on covers, extensions and features of specific insurance policies for fire, machinery breakdown, contractors all risk, contractors plant and machinery, boiler and pressure plant, and electronic equipment. It also discusses motor insurance covers, features of package policy and no claim bonus.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
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This document summarizes presentations from an event on environmental risk management. It includes presentations from Valerie Fogleman on the Environmental Liability Directive, Pierre Sonigo on managing risks related to the directive, and Christopher Robertson on how corporations can manage environmental risks through insurance policies and risk transfer. The document discusses key concepts in the directive, variations in its implementation, uncertainties and risks, and strategies for managing compliance.
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a legislative act of the European Union creating new
and significant potential liabilities for costs, damages
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LIABILITY INSURANCE in Energy & Shipping - IENE Seminar 2013George Koutinas
In this presentation, the main liability insurance forms are mentioned with a particular emphasis to the Environmental Liability issue, as, it has become a major concern for the business entities involved.
Insurance, from its very beginning that was established, constantly remains a valuable financially supporting tool to the maritime industry.
From the traditional coverage of standard assets (Hull & Machinery) and Cargo, following the broader socio-economic evolution and the new risk management demands, insurance has been extended to also cover “intangible assets” like Liabilities.
Conventional Marine Liability related to Third Parties, to Employees and to the Environment, are successfully treated by the Protection & Indemnity (P&I) Clubs. However, taking into account the current legal trends towards protection of the Public, the Clients, the Consumers and the Stakeholders as well as the strict regulations in respect of the Environment protection, Liability Insurance has become an even more serious business issue.
New upgraded Liability Insurance forms have to be applied by the maritime industry in a more rational way, especially when dealing with “high risk” activities like the transportation of energy substances (oil, gas, coal and radioactive).
In the contemporary business environment, insurance products like "Charterer’s Liability”, "Professional Liability”, “Management Liability” (Directors & Officers’) and "Environmental Liability”, have to be thoroughly examined and adequately applied, in order to assure appropriate financial security.
This document discusses safety in industrial process plants. It covers the need for safety programs in industries that deal with hazardous materials and large amounts of energy. These safety programs aim to control hazards and reduce risks. Potential hazards addressed include extreme operating conditions, toxic chemicals, and safe chemical handling. The document also discusses human factors in accident prevention through better equipment and machine design tailored to human abilities. It outlines threshold limit values for exposure to various chemicals and substances.
This document discusses environmental liability and principles related to environmental law. It defines environmental liability as potential environmental costs a buyer incurs when purchasing an asset, including taking ownership of existing liabilities. The document outlines various types of environmental liabilities under federal, state, and local laws such as compliance obligations, remediation obligations, fines, compensation, and punitive damages. It also discusses the precautionary principle, polluter pays principle, and how these principles have been applied in Indian case law to protect the environment when scientific data is limited.
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Humankind’s failure to reinvest a portion of the monetary riches provided by nature back into the globe’s life-supporting ecosystems has produced a mounting deficit on the world’s ecological balance of payments. This deficit has now grown to be 20 percent of the Earth's capacity - we are consuming resources 20 percent faster than they regenerate.
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- It also discusses how complying with legislation and properly managing risks can help construction firms reduce insurance costs and liability, while non-compliance could result in coverage being withdrawn or invalidated. Having the right insurance is important for construction businesses to manage their legal obligations and business costs.
The document is a survey report from UNEP FI that summarizes responses from over 50 global insurance organizations on how climate change is affecting their risk management and risk transfer activities. Insurers perceive climate change as a real and growing challenge, especially for property insurance where claims data already shows impacts. While risks are currently low to moderate across all insurance lines, insurers expect relevance to increase in the future, reaching moderate levels for most lines and high relevance for property. They see impacts already and expect effects to spread to other lines like life and health insurance.
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The document advertises an environmental insurance forum that will provide education on environmental risk management and insurance solutions. It notes that environmental insurance is an underpenetrated market with opportunities for new business. Attendees will learn about innovative insurance products and how to effectively use environmental insurance to open doors to other types of coverage for a wide range of clients.
The document summarizes a joint statement from global insurance industry leaders calling for collaboration with governments to address climate change risks. It outlines that climate change is accelerating extreme weather events and risks, and without action to reduce emissions the capacity to limit global warming will diminish. The insurance industry can incentivize risk prevention, facilitate risk transfer, and provide analysis. The statement calls for public-private partnerships along the risk management process, from data sharing to developing incentives for climate adaptation and resilience. It urges governments and multilateral organizations to support disaster risk reduction and climate action through these collaborative approaches.
Pareto optimality refers to a situation where it is not possible to make one person better off without making another worse off. A Pareto improvement is an allocation where at least one person is better off and no one is worse off. The Coase theorem states that when property rights are clearly defined and parties can negotiate costlessly, the efficient outcome will occur regardless of who owns the property rights. However, when property rights are unclear or not protected, market failures can occur where no solution satisfies all parties. Traffic congestion is an example where, since no entity owns the roads, there is no incentive to charge higher rates during peak hours or provide discounts during non-peak hours.
This chapter discusses various types of property and liability insurance. It covers worker's compensation insurance, public liability insurance, motor/automobile insurance, property insurance (including fire, burglary and plate glass), cargo/marine insurance, aviation insurance, machinery insurance, financial products, and agricultural insurance. The key types are defined and their purpose and coverage scope explained in 1-3 sentences for each.
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The document provides an overview of different types of insurance. It defines insurance and key principles such as utmost good faith, insurable interest, indemnity, subrogation, contribution and proximate cause. It describes different types of general insurance including property insurance (fire, burglary), motor insurance, liability insurance, personal accident insurance and health insurance. It provides details on covers, extensions and features of specific insurance policies for fire, machinery breakdown, contractors all risk, contractors plant and machinery, boiler and pressure plant, and electronic equipment. It also discusses motor insurance covers, features of package policy and no claim bonus.
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financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
4. Introduction :
There is a universal concern of both government
and non-government organizations and groups, for
the sustainable development and protection of the
environment.
More developed countries, notably in Europe, have
seen it fit to “MANDATE” compulsory POLLUTION
liability insurance on ALL corporations whose
activities have impact on soil, air, water ...
NATURAL RESOURCES as a whole.
5. The Philippines, very reliant on its natural resources
and long acknowledged to be a major tourists
favorite, should protect the many scenic spots, the
patrimony of this nation ... for the benefit of the
present and upcoming generations.
For Filipinos to continue having a CLEAN and GREEN
COUNTRY which provides decent sustainable
livelihood, we should seriously consider as a must,
“ENVIRONMENT IMPAIRMENT INSURANCE”
or simply
“ENVIRONMENT INSURANCE”
6. What are the types of Environment Insurance?
1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LEGAL LIABILITY INSURANCE OR
SIMPLY POLLUTION LEGAL LIABILITY (PLL)
To protect against claims of Third party off-site bodily injury (BI),
property damage (PD), including clean-up costs arising from pollutive
conditions emanating from insured’s site. Property damage owned by
the Third parties can be direct damage or loss of use of the property.
This cover should be a must for Treatment, Storage and Disposal
(TSD) facilities.
This insurance coverage can be tailored to include on-site cover for
the Third party, BI and PD. In addition, the cover can be extended to
include owned transportation, vendor transportation, and non-owned
disposal sites.
7.
8. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAIRMENT INSURANCE
To include more than just liability but also First party pollution
remediation insurance.
3. REMEDIATION OR CLEAN-UP COST (STOP LOSS) INSURANCE
This indemnifies the insured for financial losses that arise when
the anticipated cost of a remediation project is exceeded.
It is basically an “over-run” insurance cover. This coverage is
necessary and should be resorted to by investors acquiring
“contaminated” property or property owners who are cleaning up
non-operational assets/properties.
9.
10. 4. GENERAL CONTRACTORS POLLUTION LIABILITY INSURANCE
This protects general contractors against suits/claims alleging Third
party
BI and PD arising from pollution conditions while working at customer
site such as maintenance operations, process piping, and underground
work, (ex. Drilling, excavation, painting or re-grading operations).
5. HOSPITAL POLLUTION LIABILITY INSURANCE
This covers environmental mishaps such as injuries suffered by
hospital visitors from incidents such as incinerator emissions, HIV or
other contaminations, infections from pathological wastes, red bag
wastes, etc.
6. UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANK POLLUTION (UST)
This cover claims for on-site as well as off-site clean-up coverage
for both above and under ground storage tanks which release toxic
substances into the environment.
11.
12. 7. ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL / E & O LIABILITY
INSURANCE
This coverage is intended for professionals, engineers and
architects in the environmental control systems business.
8. WASTE TRANSPORTATION POLLUTION INSURANCE
This covers the waste transportation entities for BI and PD or clean-up
due to a
release of toxic or harmful substances in the course of transporting
the waste materials. Marine pollution insurance cover is an
extremely important option for this item
9. CLOSURE / POST CLOSURE INSURANCE
Applies to the closure of treatment storage and disposal facilities
(TSD) to satisfy financial responsibility requirements. It is more of
a financial guarantee that the TST Owner/Manager will properly
close and maintain the site for a specified period of time.
13.
14. 10. TIME ELEMENT POLLUTION INSURANCE
The coverage is included in large excess liability policies (e.g. over
US$ 25 Million). Under the terms of this cover, sudden release of
deleterious substances will be covered and the pollution incident should
be discovered within 7 days from commencement, and subsequently
reported to the insurer within 30-45 days from discovery date.
* Note: The above-named insurance coverage shall have an agreement
limit and all claims from pollution incident are considered as a single
loss with one per loss limit (inner limit).
Defense costs against suits alleging damage suffered from an
occurrence is included but within the limit specified in the policy
schedule. In order to prevent spiraling of claims costs (and
subsequently bringing up the cost of insurance), punitive damages is
excluded from the cover.
15. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME / METHODOLOGY
OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE
1. Require all environmentally critical business (commercial,
industrial, warehousing) who apply for a license to operate /
business permit, to show proof of adequate bank deposits
escrowed for pollution clean-up funds, OR to present an Environmental
Impairment Insurance policy providing for payment or damages
and restoration of environment and finally restitution of losses
to livelihood, as a result of pollution, pollutants from operations
and/or products of the business firm.
In lieu of such bank deposit, the business firm may present
an Environment Impairment or Pollution Liability Insurance
Policy and proof of premium payment from a duly accredited
insurance company. This should be included as a supporting
document for the Business Permit issuance.
16. In a nutshell, Environmental Impairment or Pollution Liability Insurance shall
include the specific benefits enumerated below with the estimated limits
of liabilities applicable to a business operation in a certain community,
specified in the policy schedule :
Clean-up and mitigation expenses to be incurred ...
Rehabilitation expenses to be incurred (to reinstitute livelihood
opportunities) ...
Direct impact or loss of livelihood of community (allow 2-3 years
recovery) ...
Indirect consequential losses, such as loss of future revenues due to loss of
stature of the community as a prime tourists or eco-tour destination; or
reduction of real estate value as a premier residential estate as a result
of pollution, whether actual or sentimental.
Looking at previous catastrophes, and the subsequent damages caused and
the cost of clean-up measures undertaken, a minimum P50 Million limit of
liability is recommended, with higher limits imposed on bigger, riskier and
more extensive ... area wise ... business operations.
17. 2. Require business firms to specify a schedule for the annual
visit
of accredited (by the provincial governor / mayor)
environmental
risk managers from the insurance sector who can suggest
ways and
means of preventing/minimizing losses with their risk
management studies, thereby averting aggravations in the
situation, with their loss control studies and
recommendations.
The loss control survey report will be submitted to the
business firm for their action / implementation of
recommended measures, with copy to the Provincial
Governor/Mayor, for monitoring purposes. Thus, aside from
the insurance system being able to provide a more reliable
means of responding to environmental disasters, such may
be prevented, or at the least, adverse effects of an
18. 3. The formation of a “Green Police Unit’ to oversee the ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPAIRMENT concerns and to administer these procedures would go a long way
towards protecting the environment and ensuring its sustainability for the longer
term.
To be effective in monitoring loss prevention measures undertaken, we would
need to organize a duly authorized outfit of dedicated “Green Policemen” to be
aware of the environmental impact of the so many business / industrial activities
that threaten the environment, to include even those companies engaged in
seemingly benign natural resource exploitation, and to call the attention of the
business owners, should the possibility of an occurrence manifest itself.
The fundamental essence of the “Green Police” Unit is similar to the Forest
Rangers, except that the “Green Police” Unit has administrative and punitive, in
addition to police, powers, concerning the care of the environment. However, in
addition to the police responsibilities, the “Green Police” Unit will undertake
extensive educational initiatives through regular symposia and conferences
(twice a year) and the like, in both public and private schools, starting from
Primary, all the way to tertiary level - Colleges/Universities.
19. The office and resources of the
Secretary of Education and the
Administrator for Commission on Higher
Education will be tapped to ensure the
Nationwide dissemination of information
relative to combating environmental
impairment / pollution activities, and
undertaking the proper response in the
event of an environmental impairment
actually occurring.
20. CONCLUSION :
The effective implementation of the “ENVIRONMENTAL
INSURANCE” system for the sustainable development
and protection of the environment will be assured by:
Mandating the presentation of proof of the capability of
the business enterprise to clean up areas that it has
polluted to the detriment of the people, livelihood and the
environment in general, via insurance or escrowed funds.
Having a Pro-active response to the prevention of
contamination or pollution of the environment, through
the employment of loss prevention techniques. Immediate
and long-term responses to prevent and minimize damage to
environment through the “Green Police” Unit which are endowed with
educational and Police powers / responsibilities.
21. “With our collective pro-active response to care for
the Environment, we are optimistic that ALL
FILIPINOS, including the future generations, will
continually enjoy the gifts from our MOTHER
NATURE ...
blessings given to us by the ALMIGHTY FATHER,
in an atmosphere of sustainability, generosity and
harmony, where there will be no more conflict,
wars and covetousness, as there will be enough
and enduring resources for everyone to share and
enjoy...”