яВЧ рдпрд╣ рддрдмрд╣реЛрддрд╛-рд╣реИ, рдЬрдм рд╢рд░реАрд░ рдХреА рдХреЛрдИ рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рджреЛ рдЯреБрдХрдбрд╝реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ
рдЯреВрдЯ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред
яВЧ Occurs when a bone is broken but there is no
penetration extending from the fracture
through the skin.
рд╕рд╛рдзрд╛рд░рдг рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░ (Simple fracture )
рдЦреБрд▓рд╛ рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░(Open fracture)
яВЧ рдпрд╣ рддрдм рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрдм рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рдмрд▓ - рдпрд╛ рддрдирд╛рд╡
рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рдХрд╛ рдХреЛрдИ рднрд╛рдЧ рдпрд╛ рдЯреБрдХрдбрд╝рд╛ рддреНрд╡рдЪрд╛ рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░
рд╕реЗ рдмрд╛рд╣рд░ рдирд┐рдХрд▓ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
яВЧ Compound fracture, is a type of bone fracture
(broken bone) that has an open wound in the
skin near the fractured bone.
9.
рд╕реНрдкрд╛рдпрд░рд▓ рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░(Spiral fracture )
рдЬрдм рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ - рдпрд╛ рдорд╢реАрди рдЖрджрд┐ рдХреЗ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡ рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг
рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рдореЗрдВ рдШреБрдорд╛рд╡ рдЖ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рддреЛ рдЗрд╕реЗ рд╕реНрдкрд╛рдпрд░рд▓ рдлреНрд░реИрдХреНрдЪрд░
рдХрд╣рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ
They happen when one of your bones is broken
with a twisting motion
рдЧреНрд░реАрдирд╕реНрдЯрд┐рдХ рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░
(Greenstickfracture )
рдпрд╣ рдЖрдо - рддреМрд░ рдкрд░ рдмрдЪреНрдЪреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрддрд╛
рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рддрдм рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрдм рдХрд┐рд╕реА
рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреЗ рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╣рдбреНрдбреА
рдПрдХ рддрд░рдл рд╕реЗ рдореБрдбрд╝рддреА рд╣реИрдВред рдФрд░
рдЙрд╕рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╕реЗ рджреВрд╕рд░реА рддрд░рдл рд╕реЗ
рдЯреВрдЯ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред
A greenstick fracture is
a fracture in a young, soft
bone in which the bone
bends and breaks.
12.
рдХреЙрдорд┐рдиреНрдпреВрдЯреЗрдб рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░
(Comminutedfracture )
рдпрд╣ рддрдм рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрдм рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдкреНрд░рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреА рджреБрд░реНрдШрдЯрдирд╛ рдпрд╛ рдЪреЛрдЯ
рдХреЗ рдХрд╛рд░рдг рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рддреАрди рдпрд╛ рдЙрд╕рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдЯреБрдХрдбрд╝реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рдЯреВрдЯ рдЬрд╛рдП
The bone may be broken into several fragments,
known as a comminuted fracture.
13.
рдЯреНрд░рд╛рдВрд╕рд╡рд░реНрд╕ рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░
(Transversefracture)
рдпрд╣ рддрдм рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрдм рдЯреВрдЯ-рдлреВ рдЯ рд╣рдбреНрдбреА рдХреЗ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдЯреБрдХрдбрд╝реЗ рдореЗрдВ
рд╣реЛрдиреЗ рдХреА рдмрдЬрд╛рдП рд╢рд░реАрд░ рдХреЗ рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ-рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ рд╣рд┐рд╕реНрд╕реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред
Cuts across the bone at right angles to its long
axis, often caused by direct injury.
рдЕрдЧрд░ рдЖрдкрдХреА рд╣рдбреНрдбреАрдореЗрдВ рдлреНрд░реИ рдХреНрдЪрд░ рд╣реИ-
Signs and symptoms of fractures
1. Pain is the primary symptom of fractures. Pain is
often severe and constant and is felt at or near the
site of fracture snap.
2. Swelling and discoloration these begin shortly
after injury.
3.Tenderness or Discomfort. It leads to severe
restriction or use of the area affected.
4. Inability to move a joint.
18.
5. Numbness /tingling sensation
6. Loss of distal pulse
7. Slow capillary refill
8. Bone breaking through the skin
9. Deformity.
1. Direct Force:The bone breaks at the spot of
application of the force such as in direct hit over
a bone, bullet injury
2. Indirect Force: The bone breaks away from the
application of force somewhere else such as after
falling on outside stretched hands.
3. Force of powerful muscle actions: such as
violent cough may cause rib fracture.
CAUSES OF FRACTURES
23.
4. Aging: andbone disease which can increase the
risk of fractures (pathologic fractures), with
bones breaking even with minor accidents
5. Twisting forces: such injuries are often seen in
football and skiing accidents where a person's
foot is caught and twisted with enough forces to
fracture a leg bone.
Emergency care stepsfor patient
1. Primary assessment:
яГШ Assess and provide support for the CABs.
яГШ Manage life-threatening conditions first.
яГШ Prioritize and manage other injuries second
2. Carefully cut away the clothing to expose the injury
site. Control bleeding (open wound).
Check for distal circulation, sensation.
31.
3.Immobilize the extremityusing manual
stabilization or splints, if available.
4. Apply cold pack to injury site to help reduce the
pain and swelling.
5. Administer oxygen
6. Assess the patient's vital signs. Maintain body
temperature to help minimize the effects of shock.
32.
R- Rest theinjury
I- Ice тАУ
apply a wrapped ice pack
C- Comfortable support тАУ
apply a supportive bandage
E-elevate-to reduce swelling
RICE
General Principles OfSplinting
яВЧ The clothing is best removed from the area of any
suspected fracture or dislocation
яВЧ Note and record motion and sensation status distal
to the site of injury
яВЧ The splint should immobilize the joints above and
the joints below the fracture.
яВЧ During splint application, minimal movement of
the limb should be allowed.
42.
яВЧ If gentletraction increases the patient's pain
significantly or if resistance to the limb alignment
is encountered, the limb must be splinted in the
position of deformity.
яВЧ Cover all wounds with dry sterile dressing before
applying a splint.
яВЧ Pad the splint to prevent local pressure.
яВЧ Do not move or transport patients before
splinting.
Securing Splints
яВЧ Usebandages, strips of
cloth.
яВЧ Use knots that can be untied
яВЧ DonтАЩt secure with tape
49.
Guidelines for AllSplints
яВЧ Dress open wounds
яВЧ Splint only if it doesnтАЩt cause more pain
яВЧ Splint in position found
яВЧ Immobilize entire area
яВЧ Pad between splint and skin
50.
Guidelines for Slings
яВЧUse sling to prevent
movement and to elevate
extremity
яВЧ Splint injury first
яВЧ If you splint injury in
position found and this
position makes use of sling
difficult тАУ do not use sling
51.
Guidelines for Slingscontinued
яВЧ Do not move arm into
position for sling if it
causes pain
яВЧ A cold pack can be used
inside sling
яВЧ Do not cover fingers inside
sling