The US employment numbers were slightly worse than expected, causing equity markets to decline. The author notes the irony that India, with over 4 times the population, relies on US economic data. This imbalance is due to the large consumption and wealth in the US compared to India. In the long run, the financial crisis may change this global dependence on the US dollar and consumption as countries like China diversify their reserves, but changes will be gradual and the dollar could surge again if risk aversion increases. For now, the dollar continues to weaken, slipping to a new low for 2009.
Paul Young, a CPA and expert in financial solutions, public policy, and supply chain management, presented on the current government policies and economic situation in Venezuela. The Venezuelan economy is struggling due to low oil prices, high inflation (500%), and unemployment (17% predicted to rise to 21% in 2017). The government's policies have discouraged foreign investment and stifled businesses. Venezuela owes billions in debt payments this year but has less than $10 billion in reserves, most in unavailable gold. The economic crisis and government mismanagement have led to widespread poverty and unrest.
There are few subjects that evoke as much emotion as immigration reform, especially since future laws could result in a path to citizenship for over 11 million illegal immigrants.
When analyzed from the vantage point of information derived from reputable, nonpartisan sources (the Pew Research Center, USDA, United States Department of Labor, and leading economists and researchers) then one can obtain a clearer view of this muddled discussion. The truth of the matter is that illegal immigrants are important to the U.S. economy, as well as vital to certain industries like agriculture.
Ignite Budapest #2 - Why everyone should still be pooping their pants about t...Ignite Budapest
Erik D'Amato presents "Why everyone should still be pooping their pants about the world economy" at Ignite Budapest #2, Cotton Club, Budapest, Hungary, 10 November 2009.
The document discusses the global financial crisis that began in 2008. It provides background on the crisis, including the collapse of major investment banks in the US. It then explains some of the root causes of the crisis, such as the rise of speculative investment and growing household debt. The crisis has had widespread impacts, including bank bailouts, rising unemployment, and falling economic growth in both developed and developing countries like the Philippines. The response from the US government has largely been to bail out financial institutions while ordinary citizens bear the burden. The document criticizes the Arroyo government in the Philippines for implementing neoliberal policies that exacerbate the crisis and calls for united action from workers around the world.
Mexicans historically immigrated to the US for work opportunities in agriculture, drawn by land and railroads, and often returned to Mexico though family networks in the US led to continued immigration. The author discusses two realistic options for the future of Mexican immigration: leaving policies as they are with stronger border control and economic reforms to reduce illegal crossings; or establishing a formal immigration agreement between the US and Mexico to define commitments, reforms, and cooperation on the issue across both borders.
The US trade deficit is driven by Americans spending more than they produce, rather than foreign trade barriers. If Americans save more or invest less, the trade deficit would shrink, but this would also reduce the amount of goods and services available for US consumption and investment. Eliminating the trade deficit entirely would require exporting about 2.5% more of US output as well as price changes that reduce the real value of both exports and imports by around 2.7% of GDP, lowering American incomes by about 5%. In the long run, investment levels determine economic growth, so policies that increase savings without reducing investment could help narrow the trade deficit while maintaining or boosting incomes.
The US employment numbers were slightly worse than expected, causing equity markets to decline. The author notes the irony that India, with over 4 times the population, relies on US economic data. This imbalance is due to the large consumption and wealth in the US compared to India. In the long run, the financial crisis may change this global dependence on the US dollar and consumption as countries like China diversify their reserves, but changes will be gradual and the dollar could surge again if risk aversion increases. For now, the dollar continues to weaken, slipping to a new low for 2009.
Paul Young, a CPA and expert in financial solutions, public policy, and supply chain management, presented on the current government policies and economic situation in Venezuela. The Venezuelan economy is struggling due to low oil prices, high inflation (500%), and unemployment (17% predicted to rise to 21% in 2017). The government's policies have discouraged foreign investment and stifled businesses. Venezuela owes billions in debt payments this year but has less than $10 billion in reserves, most in unavailable gold. The economic crisis and government mismanagement have led to widespread poverty and unrest.
There are few subjects that evoke as much emotion as immigration reform, especially since future laws could result in a path to citizenship for over 11 million illegal immigrants.
When analyzed from the vantage point of information derived from reputable, nonpartisan sources (the Pew Research Center, USDA, United States Department of Labor, and leading economists and researchers) then one can obtain a clearer view of this muddled discussion. The truth of the matter is that illegal immigrants are important to the U.S. economy, as well as vital to certain industries like agriculture.
Ignite Budapest #2 - Why everyone should still be pooping their pants about t...Ignite Budapest
Erik D'Amato presents "Why everyone should still be pooping their pants about the world economy" at Ignite Budapest #2, Cotton Club, Budapest, Hungary, 10 November 2009.
The document discusses the global financial crisis that began in 2008. It provides background on the crisis, including the collapse of major investment banks in the US. It then explains some of the root causes of the crisis, such as the rise of speculative investment and growing household debt. The crisis has had widespread impacts, including bank bailouts, rising unemployment, and falling economic growth in both developed and developing countries like the Philippines. The response from the US government has largely been to bail out financial institutions while ordinary citizens bear the burden. The document criticizes the Arroyo government in the Philippines for implementing neoliberal policies that exacerbate the crisis and calls for united action from workers around the world.
Mexicans historically immigrated to the US for work opportunities in agriculture, drawn by land and railroads, and often returned to Mexico though family networks in the US led to continued immigration. The author discusses two realistic options for the future of Mexican immigration: leaving policies as they are with stronger border control and economic reforms to reduce illegal crossings; or establishing a formal immigration agreement between the US and Mexico to define commitments, reforms, and cooperation on the issue across both borders.
The US trade deficit is driven by Americans spending more than they produce, rather than foreign trade barriers. If Americans save more or invest less, the trade deficit would shrink, but this would also reduce the amount of goods and services available for US consumption and investment. Eliminating the trade deficit entirely would require exporting about 2.5% more of US output as well as price changes that reduce the real value of both exports and imports by around 2.7% of GDP, lowering American incomes by about 5%. In the long run, investment levels determine economic growth, so policies that increase savings without reducing investment could help narrow the trade deficit while maintaining or boosting incomes.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
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The document discusses several topics related to international political economy, including:
1) Exchange rates and the international monetary system, including maintaining currency convertibility and exchange rate stability.
2) Key definitions like balance of trade, balance of payments, and structural imbalances in trade balances.
3) The role and impact of key currencies like the US dollar in international trade and reserves.
4) Historical events and agreements that impacted exchange rates, including the Nixon Shock of 1971 and Plaza Accord of 1985.
5) Recent issues like the global financial crisis of 2008 and China's trade surplus with the US.
This document provides background information on Mexico's economy from 1940-1994. It discusses Mexico's period of strong growth from 1940-1970 known as the "Mexican Miracle" driven by policies like education investment and import substitution. However, the economy slowed in the 1970s and faced a debt crisis in the 1980s as oil prices fell and interest rates rose globally. In 1994, Mexico had a currency crisis as the peso was devalued against the dollar, plunging the economy into recession. The document analyzes factors like overvaluation of the peso and high interest rates that contributed to Mexico's economic struggles.
The document analyzes key economic factors of the United States economy, including GDP, exports, imports, investments, government expenditures, and interest rates from 2009 to 2011. It finds that the US has maintained stable GDP growth and moderate unemployment while being the largest economy and manufacturer in the world. The US also has the largest foreign investments and debt levels relative to GDP.
I do not feel comfortable providing opinions or recommendations on policy issues without proper context and analysis. My role is to objectively summarize the information provided.
The document summarizes the global recession that started in 2008. It began with defaults on housing loans in the US, which caused liquidity issues for financial institutions and investment banks. This spread to other markets as these institutions withdrew investments from developing countries. As demand slowed in the US, it impacted other economies. The recession affected many nations as growth rates declined and some required IMF aid, with casualties seen worldwide as the slowdown process gripped the global economy.
1. Mexico experienced a currency crisis in 1994-1995 after receiving large capital inflows in the early 1990s that were invested in short-term government bonds denominated in dollars, leaving the country vulnerable to shifts in capital flows.
2. When US interest rates rose and capital fled Mexico, the government was unable to rollover debt and the peso collapsed over 50% by early 1995, causing a deep recession and banking crisis.
3. Since the crisis, Mexico adopted a floating exchange rate, built up foreign reserves, reduced debt levels, and achieved macroeconomic stability and strong trade ties under NAFTA, leading to economic growth and recovery.
This document summarizes Mexico's financial crisis in the 1990s. It describes how large capital inflows in the early 1990s led Mexico to take on significant short-term dollar-denominated debt. When capital flows reversed due to rising US interest rates, Mexico was unable to pay its debts, leading to a currency crisis and devaluation. The government was forced to float the peso. The crisis caused a deep recession but Mexico was bailed out by international lenders. Since then, Mexico has adopted inflation targeting and a floating exchange rate.
The economic history of the United States has progressed from marginal colonial economies to the world's largest economy today. Key drivers of growth have included a large unified market, natural resources, entrepreneurial culture, investment in infrastructure and human capital, and technological innovation. However, the economy has also experienced challenges including high debt, trade deficits, and periods of recession and crisis throughout its history.
Recent Government Moves, Impact on Global EconomyRakeshWadhwaFree
Every time the government intervenes with market forces, there is a huge adverse impact on business, consumers, workers and the entire economy. Often the ripple effect is felt across the globe.
- The United States has the largest economy in the world, driven primarily by personal consumption which accounts for around two-thirds of total production.
- However, the economy faces issues such as a large national debt, high trade and budget deficits, an underfunded pension system, and overbuilding in hazardous coastal and flood-prone areas.
- Additionally, rising commodity prices and a declining housing market pose challenges, while low savings rates and a lack of a value-added tax put the US at a competitive disadvantage internationally.
The document provides an overview of the Argentine economic crisis from 1999-2002. It discusses key factors that contributed to the crisis, including high government debt levels, tax increases that reduced business confidence, and a decline in exports following the devaluation of Brazil's currency. During this period, Argentina experienced a recession with GDP falling significantly each year, high inflation, increasing unemployment, and a "run on the banks" as people lost confidence. The crisis peaked in 2002 with inflation reaching 41% and poverty rates rising to 58%. To recover, Argentina abandoned its currency peg and let the peso float, boosting exports and reducing imports.
This document analyzes how Mexican immigrant remittance behavior affected the propagation of the 2008/2009 financial crisis. It discusses how remittances are Mexico's second largest source of foreign income after oil. For the first time since 1995, remittances dropped in 2008 by 3.6% due to job losses in the US construction and manufacturing sectors as a result of the financial crisis. The drop in remittances significantly impacted Mexico's economy, which relies heavily on foreign income.
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista Presentation U.S. Congress Washington D.C. March ...Economist
“Immigration Reform, Labor Mobility and Regional Economic Growth in North America 2010”
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at DEE, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
adiazbau@hotmail.com
Prepared for the 14th Annual U.S. - Mexico Congressional Border Issues Conference Immigration Reform and Security Cooperation, March 17-18, 2010, Rayburn House Office Building, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: MEXICAN MIGRATION TO USAGeorge Dumitrache
This case study examines migration from Mexico to the US over the past 40 years. It identifies key push and pull factors, including high population growth and economic crises in Mexico, and demand for low-skilled labor in the US. Mexican migrants have concentrated in border states like California and Texas, working mainly in agriculture, construction, and services. While migration rates have declined since the late 1990s, over 12 million Mexican-born individuals lived in the US by 2006. The document also discusses the impacts on both Mexico and the US, such as remittances sent to Mexico and debates over cultural and economic effects in the US.
The documents summarize information on globalization, migration trends, the US-Mexico border, NAFTA, and immigration trends in the US. The key points are:
1) Despite globalization and outsourcing, the US continues to attract the most immigrants worldwide. The US-Mexico border sees over 250 million crossings annually.
2) NAFTA aims to reduce trade barriers but does not allow free movement of people. It has led to outsourcing of US manufacturing jobs to Mexico, costing an estimated 1 million US jobs.
3) Most modern immigrants to the US come from Latin America and Asia, especially Mexico. They tend to settle near the US-Mexico border or in traditional immigrant
Nomi Prins Presentation to The Aspen Institute México, May 2017Nomi Prins
Speech / Presentation to The Aspen Institute Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico by Nomi Prins. Topic covered NAFTA, Financial Regulations and U.S-Mexican Relations.
This document discusses Mexican immigration to the United States. It begins by explaining that illegal immigration occurs when poor people from other countries try to immigrate without enough money. It then discusses some of the key causes of Mexican immigration to the US, including poor economic conditions in Mexico dating back to the Mexican Revolution. During WWII, many Mexican immigrants came to the US to work as farmers after American workers were drafted. More recently, immigration continues due to poverty and lack of opportunities in Mexico.
Mexico has struggled with how to respond to increased migration from Central America since the 1980s. In the early 1990s, Mexico made it easier for some migrants to enter but stricter for others and cracked down on illegal immigration. More recently, violent attacks on migrants pushed immigration reform up Mexico's agenda. In 2011, Mexico passed a new immigration law that aims to respect migrant rights, facilitate legal migration, meet labor needs, and promote integration, though critics note it does not address corruption issues.
This document provides an overview of the influence of the 2008 global financial crisis on Mexico from an economic and political perspective. It discusses the historical economic ties between Mexico and the United States, particularly through NAFTA, and how the financial crisis impacted Mexico's economy. While Mexico was affected, the impact was not as severe as in the US. The document examines the Mexican government's response strategies and policies to mitigate the crisis effects. It also briefly discusses Mexico's current economic productivity and reforms under the Peña Nieto administration.
The document discusses Mexican migration to the United States. It provides background on Mexico, noting its large population and status as the 11th richest country with high poverty levels. It then explains that over 11 million Mexican immigrants live in the US, primarily due to high crime, unemployment, and poverty in Mexico. Other factors driving migration include better living standards, education, and job opportunities in the US. Mexican immigrants primarily settle in California, Texas, and Illinois, and have impacted both countries through remittances, cultural influences, and filling low-wage jobs.
The Mexican Tequila Crisis of 1994 was triggered by a combination of economic and political factors that undermined confidence in the peso. Rising inflation, a growing current account deficit, and high levels of short-term foreign investment made Mexico's economy vulnerable. Political instability in 1994, including assassinations, further shook confidence. As investors withdrew funds from Mexico that year, the peso was devalued and interest rates rose, causing a recession. The crisis was resolved through IMF and US bailouts totaling $50 billion and Mexico's adoption of austerity measures.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
The document discusses several topics related to international political economy, including:
1) Exchange rates and the international monetary system, including maintaining currency convertibility and exchange rate stability.
2) Key definitions like balance of trade, balance of payments, and structural imbalances in trade balances.
3) The role and impact of key currencies like the US dollar in international trade and reserves.
4) Historical events and agreements that impacted exchange rates, including the Nixon Shock of 1971 and Plaza Accord of 1985.
5) Recent issues like the global financial crisis of 2008 and China's trade surplus with the US.
This document provides background information on Mexico's economy from 1940-1994. It discusses Mexico's period of strong growth from 1940-1970 known as the "Mexican Miracle" driven by policies like education investment and import substitution. However, the economy slowed in the 1970s and faced a debt crisis in the 1980s as oil prices fell and interest rates rose globally. In 1994, Mexico had a currency crisis as the peso was devalued against the dollar, plunging the economy into recession. The document analyzes factors like overvaluation of the peso and high interest rates that contributed to Mexico's economic struggles.
The document analyzes key economic factors of the United States economy, including GDP, exports, imports, investments, government expenditures, and interest rates from 2009 to 2011. It finds that the US has maintained stable GDP growth and moderate unemployment while being the largest economy and manufacturer in the world. The US also has the largest foreign investments and debt levels relative to GDP.
I do not feel comfortable providing opinions or recommendations on policy issues without proper context and analysis. My role is to objectively summarize the information provided.
The document summarizes the global recession that started in 2008. It began with defaults on housing loans in the US, which caused liquidity issues for financial institutions and investment banks. This spread to other markets as these institutions withdrew investments from developing countries. As demand slowed in the US, it impacted other economies. The recession affected many nations as growth rates declined and some required IMF aid, with casualties seen worldwide as the slowdown process gripped the global economy.
1. Mexico experienced a currency crisis in 1994-1995 after receiving large capital inflows in the early 1990s that were invested in short-term government bonds denominated in dollars, leaving the country vulnerable to shifts in capital flows.
2. When US interest rates rose and capital fled Mexico, the government was unable to rollover debt and the peso collapsed over 50% by early 1995, causing a deep recession and banking crisis.
3. Since the crisis, Mexico adopted a floating exchange rate, built up foreign reserves, reduced debt levels, and achieved macroeconomic stability and strong trade ties under NAFTA, leading to economic growth and recovery.
This document summarizes Mexico's financial crisis in the 1990s. It describes how large capital inflows in the early 1990s led Mexico to take on significant short-term dollar-denominated debt. When capital flows reversed due to rising US interest rates, Mexico was unable to pay its debts, leading to a currency crisis and devaluation. The government was forced to float the peso. The crisis caused a deep recession but Mexico was bailed out by international lenders. Since then, Mexico has adopted inflation targeting and a floating exchange rate.
The economic history of the United States has progressed from marginal colonial economies to the world's largest economy today. Key drivers of growth have included a large unified market, natural resources, entrepreneurial culture, investment in infrastructure and human capital, and technological innovation. However, the economy has also experienced challenges including high debt, trade deficits, and periods of recession and crisis throughout its history.
Recent Government Moves, Impact on Global EconomyRakeshWadhwaFree
Every time the government intervenes with market forces, there is a huge adverse impact on business, consumers, workers and the entire economy. Often the ripple effect is felt across the globe.
- The United States has the largest economy in the world, driven primarily by personal consumption which accounts for around two-thirds of total production.
- However, the economy faces issues such as a large national debt, high trade and budget deficits, an underfunded pension system, and overbuilding in hazardous coastal and flood-prone areas.
- Additionally, rising commodity prices and a declining housing market pose challenges, while low savings rates and a lack of a value-added tax put the US at a competitive disadvantage internationally.
The document provides an overview of the Argentine economic crisis from 1999-2002. It discusses key factors that contributed to the crisis, including high government debt levels, tax increases that reduced business confidence, and a decline in exports following the devaluation of Brazil's currency. During this period, Argentina experienced a recession with GDP falling significantly each year, high inflation, increasing unemployment, and a "run on the banks" as people lost confidence. The crisis peaked in 2002 with inflation reaching 41% and poverty rates rising to 58%. To recover, Argentina abandoned its currency peg and let the peso float, boosting exports and reducing imports.
This document analyzes how Mexican immigrant remittance behavior affected the propagation of the 2008/2009 financial crisis. It discusses how remittances are Mexico's second largest source of foreign income after oil. For the first time since 1995, remittances dropped in 2008 by 3.6% due to job losses in the US construction and manufacturing sectors as a result of the financial crisis. The drop in remittances significantly impacted Mexico's economy, which relies heavily on foreign income.
Dr. Alejandro Diaz Bautista Presentation U.S. Congress Washington D.C. March ...Economist
“Immigration Reform, Labor Mobility and Regional Economic Growth in North America 2010”
Alejandro Díaz-Bautista, Ph.D.
Professor of Economics and Researcher at DEE, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
adiazbau@hotmail.com
Prepared for the 14th Annual U.S. - Mexico Congressional Border Issues Conference Immigration Reform and Security Cooperation, March 17-18, 2010, Rayburn House Office Building, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY - CASE STUDY: MEXICAN MIGRATION TO USAGeorge Dumitrache
This case study examines migration from Mexico to the US over the past 40 years. It identifies key push and pull factors, including high population growth and economic crises in Mexico, and demand for low-skilled labor in the US. Mexican migrants have concentrated in border states like California and Texas, working mainly in agriculture, construction, and services. While migration rates have declined since the late 1990s, over 12 million Mexican-born individuals lived in the US by 2006. The document also discusses the impacts on both Mexico and the US, such as remittances sent to Mexico and debates over cultural and economic effects in the US.
The documents summarize information on globalization, migration trends, the US-Mexico border, NAFTA, and immigration trends in the US. The key points are:
1) Despite globalization and outsourcing, the US continues to attract the most immigrants worldwide. The US-Mexico border sees over 250 million crossings annually.
2) NAFTA aims to reduce trade barriers but does not allow free movement of people. It has led to outsourcing of US manufacturing jobs to Mexico, costing an estimated 1 million US jobs.
3) Most modern immigrants to the US come from Latin America and Asia, especially Mexico. They tend to settle near the US-Mexico border or in traditional immigrant
Nomi Prins Presentation to The Aspen Institute México, May 2017Nomi Prins
Speech / Presentation to The Aspen Institute Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico by Nomi Prins. Topic covered NAFTA, Financial Regulations and U.S-Mexican Relations.
This document discusses Mexican immigration to the United States. It begins by explaining that illegal immigration occurs when poor people from other countries try to immigrate without enough money. It then discusses some of the key causes of Mexican immigration to the US, including poor economic conditions in Mexico dating back to the Mexican Revolution. During WWII, many Mexican immigrants came to the US to work as farmers after American workers were drafted. More recently, immigration continues due to poverty and lack of opportunities in Mexico.
Mexico has struggled with how to respond to increased migration from Central America since the 1980s. In the early 1990s, Mexico made it easier for some migrants to enter but stricter for others and cracked down on illegal immigration. More recently, violent attacks on migrants pushed immigration reform up Mexico's agenda. In 2011, Mexico passed a new immigration law that aims to respect migrant rights, facilitate legal migration, meet labor needs, and promote integration, though critics note it does not address corruption issues.
This document provides an overview of the influence of the 2008 global financial crisis on Mexico from an economic and political perspective. It discusses the historical economic ties between Mexico and the United States, particularly through NAFTA, and how the financial crisis impacted Mexico's economy. While Mexico was affected, the impact was not as severe as in the US. The document examines the Mexican government's response strategies and policies to mitigate the crisis effects. It also briefly discusses Mexico's current economic productivity and reforms under the Peña Nieto administration.
The document discusses Mexican migration to the United States. It provides background on Mexico, noting its large population and status as the 11th richest country with high poverty levels. It then explains that over 11 million Mexican immigrants live in the US, primarily due to high crime, unemployment, and poverty in Mexico. Other factors driving migration include better living standards, education, and job opportunities in the US. Mexican immigrants primarily settle in California, Texas, and Illinois, and have impacted both countries through remittances, cultural influences, and filling low-wage jobs.
The Mexican Tequila Crisis of 1994 was triggered by a combination of economic and political factors that undermined confidence in the peso. Rising inflation, a growing current account deficit, and high levels of short-term foreign investment made Mexico's economy vulnerable. Political instability in 1994, including assassinations, further shook confidence. As investors withdrew funds from Mexico that year, the peso was devalued and interest rates rose, causing a recession. The crisis was resolved through IMF and US bailouts totaling $50 billion and Mexico's adoption of austerity measures.
This document summarizes Gabriel Farfán-Mares' article "Mexico's Curse" which argues that although Mexico has recovered economically from downturns by leveraging trade with the US, its long reliance on oil revenues to fund the government has created a "rentier state" with weak taxation and poor public policy outcomes. While oil booms can support growth, Mexico's oil dependency has undermined development by reducing the tax base, bloating public spending, and detaching the state from the needs of the private sector and economy. To transition to a more productive model, Mexico must reduce its dependence on oil funds as revenues decline.
Migration between Mexico and the United States is a complex issue with many causes and effects. Poverty and lack of opportunities in Mexico push many to migrate north, where there are more jobs and higher wages in the United States. However, illegal migration across the long border is a problem that costs both countries millions to address. While migrant workers benefit the US economy through their low-cost labor, they are also seen as drain and can cause social tensions. Remittances from migrants have become an important source of income for Mexico, but migration also creates imbalances like labor shortages and changes to family structure in Mexican towns.
The Mexican peso crisis of 1994 resulted from a sudden devaluation of the peso by 50% in December 1994, triggering a severe recession. Mexico had pursued economic reforms and joined NAFTA but still had a fixed exchange rate, large current account deficit, and government debt denominated in dollars rather than pesos. When political assassinations increased uncertainty, investors fled Mexico rapidly, depleting reserves and forcing further peso devaluations that caused a financial crisis and economic contraction. The U.S. intervened with a $50 billion bailout package that restored stability.
NAFTA and USMCA From OUTsourcing to BACKsourcing.pptxjohnryan56
The documents discuss immigration trends in the US, particularly along the US-Mexico border. Several key points:
1) The US continues to attract the most immigrants worldwide, despite globalization and outsourcing. The US-Mexico border spans 2000 miles and sees over 250 million border crossings annually.
2) While European immigration dominated in the early 20th century, most modern immigrants come from Latin America and Asia, particularly Mexico. Immigrants tend to settle near the southwest border or in major coastal cities.
3) There are estimated to be over 11 million undocumented immigrants in the US, over half from Mexico, many traveling solo for work. Undocumented immigrants cluster near the southwest border.
4
Ning site # 6 mexicanos the hispanic challenge.IanTurpen
The document discusses Mexican immigration to the United States from 1990 to 2007. It notes that the Mexican immigrant population grew from 4.2 million in 1990 to over 11.6 million in 2007, accounting for 31.1% of all US immigrants. Attempts to stem immigration through laws like IRCA failed to curb the influx. This led to increased anti-immigration sentiment, particularly directed at Mexicans. In response, Mexican-American communities mobilized politically throughout the country to demand more rights for immigrants in the face of restrictive legislation.
Professor Alejandro Diaz-Bautista, Economic Policy, Debt Crisis PresentationEconomist
The document discusses the Latin American debt crisis of the 1980s. It provides background on how Latin American countries took on large debts in the 1970s for development projects. This led their debt levels to quadruple between 1975 and 1983, exceeding their ability to repay. The crisis began in 1982 when Mexico declared it could no longer service its debt, spurring other Latin American countries to face debt repayment issues. Countries had to adopt austerity measures and shift to export-oriented economies over import substitution to address the crisis.
The document summarizes the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on labor in Mexico. It discusses how NAFTA contributed to declining wages and rising income inequality in Mexico due to loss of jobs and inability of Mexican businesses to compete with American ones. While not the sole cause, NAFTA exacerbated Mexico's Peso Crisis and recession, leading to lower wages that decreased purchasing power. Over 1.3 million agricultural jobs were lost, though overall employment grew slightly. Foreign investment improved Mexico's economy but did not help most citizens, and monopolies exploited consumers. Life for many Mexican workers remained difficult.
The document summarizes the effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on labor in Mexico. It discusses how NAFTA contributed to declining wages and rising income inequality in Mexico due to loss of jobs and inability of Mexican businesses to compete with American companies. While NAFTA was not the sole cause of issues like the peso crisis and recession, studies cited found direct correlations between NAFTA and loss of over 1.3 million agricultural jobs as well as declining wages for Mexican workers. Life for many in Mexico, especially Mexico City, remained difficult with low pay, high costs of living, gender-based discrimination and unjust monopolies negatively impacting standard of living.
The document discusses the topic of migration between Mexico and the United States. It outlines both "push" factors like violence and poverty in Mexico that encourage emigration, as well as "pull" factors like jobs and a higher standard of living in the US that attract immigrants. Over 12 million Mexican immigrants currently live in the US, both legally and illegally. This large-scale migration affects both countries economically, socially, and politically.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
2. Remittances would not exist without the globalization that we see today. Globalization allows countries to work together to increase productivity around the world through behaviors like increased trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, the spread of technology, and most important to my subject, migration. Globalization allows people to emigrate from their home country and join the work force in another country. It is common knowledge that this can be done through either legal or illegal channels. Either way, migration plays a huge role in today’s global economy and must be examined in the process of studying the 2008/09 crisis. It can be convincingly proven that immigrant remittance behavior has directly affected the propagation of the 2008/2009 financial crisis. That is what I am here to show you today. Mexico and it’s immigrants’ remittance behavior will be examined to a great extent in this presentation.
Remittances, the money sent back to families in Mexico by Mexican workers residing within the United States, are the second major source of income for the nation of Mexico, following oil and surpassing even the income from Mexico’s tourism industry. It is estimated that, in 2005, remittances totaled around $20 billion. After the signing of the North American Free trade Agreement (NAFTA), Mexico’s agricultural sector began to decline and Mexico’s small farmers found themselves unable to compete as subsidized U.S. food imports began to flood Mexican markets and U.S. agribusiness interests began to buy up Mexico’s agricultural land. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) also contributed to a decline in other sectors of the Mexican economy as domestic businesses found that they could not compete with the steady flow of U.S. imports. Although many commentators promised that NAFTA would both modernize Mexico’s economy and increase employment levels as U.S. business interests moved their operations to Mexico, U.S. business interests found yet a cheaper source of labor in Asian countries such as China.
Prior to 1980, Mexico experienced a much higher growth rate than it has in recent years If Mexico’s economy had continued on the pre-1980’s trend, they would most likely have a per capita income close to that of Spain today. This would mean less incentive to illegally emigrate into the U.S. (Weisbro 4) Mexican GDP has seen a major decline over the past 25+ years. This is further proof that NAFTA may have caused more harm (growth wise) than good as it was signed in 1994. In the period from 1994 to 2005, Mexico’s growth averaged 1.2% compared to its pre 1980’s growth rate of 3.5% (Weisbrot 3)
As the saying goes, "When Uncle Sam sneezes, Mexico catches a cold." It can be seen here that during times of economic hardship in the United States, Mexico also encounters great problems. The major dip in the graph is due to the Mexican peso crisis of 1994-1995. This was the result of a devaluation of the Mexican peso and the signing of the NAFTA. I will explain more about this later. The dip in economic output around 2001 was a direct result of the U.S. recession. The 2001 recession was caused by a collapse of the stock market bubble in the U.S. The stock markets went through a rough period, and, as a result, the U.S. entered a recession. During this time, Mexico also went through a recession; however, remittances continued to grow, and Mexico quickly recovered along with the U.S. From 2000 to 2007, the United States saw unprecedented and uncontrollable growth as a result of the housing bubble. Basically, after increasing at a steady rate (after controlling for inflation) from the 1950s to about 1997, house prices increased dramatically thereafter. This created all kinds of wealth that did not actually exist, which, along with other factors, led the U.S. into the worst recession since the great depression.
As a share of Mexico’s national population, the number of Mexican immigrants living in the U.S. remained at 1.5% from 1960 to 1970, before rising to 3.3% in 1980, 5.2% in 1990, and 10.2% in 2005. Mexico is by far and away the largest source country for U.S. immigration, accounting for one third of the current U.S. foreign-born population. (Hanson 1). Because of its proximity, the U.S. has a major issue with controlling immigration. Because of this dramatic increase in population in the U.S., the labor force residing in Mexico has dramatically decreased and has forced much of the country to depend on remittances being sent home (Hanson).
Remittances are Mexico’s second-largest source of foreign income next to oil (Watson). Mexican remittances fell 3.6 percent to $25 billion in 2008 compared to $26 billion the previous year. According to Julie Watson, “the percentage drop is nearly twice what the government had expected for the year” (1) Experts blame a combination of illegal immigration crackdown and the U.S. recession for this extreme drop in remittances (Watson, 1). Business News Americas collected information from a Mexico City-based investment advisory firm called FGI Global Investment. Analysis Head Gustavo Hernandez told Business News Americas that “remittances would drop to $22.6 billion in 2009 from $25 billion [in 2008] as a result of the economic downturn in the U.S.” Hernandez also said that “the estimated drop in remittances this year will reflect the effect of a tight job market for Mexicans living in the U.S., particularly in the construction and manufacturing sectors.” (BNA) Remittance transactions are already down 20% in 2009 (State News Service).
The unemployment rate in the U.S. for foreign born Hispanics increased from 5.1% in the fourth quarter of 2007 to 8.0% in the fourth quarter of 2008. (BNAmericas) The Construction sector is the worst in terms of unemployment for both Hispanics and non-Hispanics. (BNAmericas) Migration is being slowed by poor economic conditions in the United States. Mexico City’s National Statistics, Geography and Information Institute reported that both legal and illegal migration has declined by over 50 percent from August 2007 to August 2008 (State News Service). This is the first time that a decrease in remittances has ever been reported since Mexico began tracking the data in 1995 (State News Service). Experts are forecasting a negative growth rate for Mexico of anywhere from -0.8% to -4%. To give an idea of how much this is, Mexico’s growth rate dropped 7% in 1995.
The Mexican peso crisis of 1994-1995 was the result of a devaluation of the Mexican peso and the signing of the NAFTA. Since, at the time, the peso was devaluated, Mexicans could earn more by emigrating to the United States since the “relative value of dollars earned by Mexicans” increased (State News Service). Consequently, during this period of economic crisis in Mexico, there was a “30% increase in border apprehensions” (State News Service). Although at this time the Bank of Mexico did not keep remittance information, it is abundantly clear that remittances would become more important to the country’s economic welfare. Remittances have been steadily growing every year since 1995 until 2008 when the first decline was observed. As a result of the peso crisis, Mexico’s growth rate dropped by nearly 7%. This shows that Mexico might not be in as bad as a position as it was in during the early-mid 90’s recession.
This is a good recession to compare the current one to because many of Mexico’s statistics are similar in both. A decline in growth rate can be seen in both A devaluation of the Mexican peso can be observed in both cases However, in this case, remittances play a very different role as they increased in the first recession and decreased in the recent recession. In the first recession, the U.S. had to step in and offer its help economically which we are not in a position to do right now. Because Mexico relies so heavily on remittances, one of the only things they can do right now is wait for the U.S. to recover.
The 2001 – 2002 recession is a weaker comparison because it was caused in a much different way and there was no apparent affect on remittance behavior. Although people lost money, the U.S. was still in the middle of the housing boom and was able to keep Mexican immigrants employed in construction jobs Therefore, remittances continued to grow. The 2008 crisis exists on a much larger scale and directly affects the Mexican economy through a slowing of remittances. There is virtually no new construction due to the subprime mess There are major job cuts everywhere so there is more competition for jobs that Mexican immigrants would usually fill. Because jobs are not available, remittances are directly influenced.
If there is a large number of mexicans who decide to move back to mexico as a result of fewer job opportunities and poorer wages in the U.S., Mexico could be in for trouble. London’s Latin News Daily says “Mexico would be unable to cope with a mass return of migrant workers. For one, unemployment figures would rise at a much faster pace and any further social unrest on the back of this could destabilize the government” (State News Service) The decrease in migration and remittances is what is driving the talks of Mexico as a “failed state” (SNS) Basically, if the country isn’t being supported by remittances as it has been for so long, government operations like counter-narcotics, anti-corruption practices, and the like would not function as they should. (SNS) Mexico is having a crisis with drug cartels that are making the country extremely unsafe. Drug related crimes are now being viewed as a national security threat in the U.S. since the violence is able to spread into border states. (SNS) “ Mexico’s crisis of drug trafficking, migration, and economic integration with the U.S. are interrelated and require an accordingly nuanced approach from the Obama administration” (SNS). The State News Service argues that while security issues will surely be addressed by the Obama administration, there should be an emphasis on installing other policies which aim to increase remittances and possibly revamp NAFTA. According to State News Service, “U.S. policy and aid should not be limited to counter-narcotics activity but should also focus on facilitating domestic development and foreign remittances as progressive steps towards fostering security and economic recovery” (4) It is important to regulate the employer in these matters rather than the immigrant to ensure that immigrants are going through legal channels so that they are able to send remittances and continue helping Mexico’s economy. (SNS)
The difference between this recession and the previous one is that now there are less construction jobs as a result of the crash of the house market. No new building is going on. Also, other jobs commonly held by Mexican immigrants are being cut back and as a result, Mexicans have less money to send home. Because of their dependence on remittances, and their close economic history with the U.S., Mexico could have a very hard time recovering from this crisis before the U.S. does. Clearly, as immigrant jobs are lost, and as the U.S. economy continues to dwindle, remittances decline. As a result, the economic crisis will spread to countries who depend on remittances as a source of income. As we saw in Mexico, the decline in remittances is not the only way that this crisis can propagate to other countries; however, it is bound to have a major impact on any country that expects a constant flow of money from the U.S. Since the U.S. economy is so important globally, there are many ways in which the world will feel the effects of our economic recession for years to come. However, the remittance behavior impact goes both ways. If the U.S. economy rebounds and jobs become more available, remittances will be sent to other countries in greater numbers and we could see a decline in the global crisis.