A file system is an index that contains the physical location of data on a storage device and is responsible for storing and indexing metadata. It partitions storage into manageable allocation units. File systems are needed for efficient organization, easier management, and balancing efficient disk use with performance. FAT and NTFS are two common file systems, with FAT being simpler and used in portable media while NTFS is more advanced with features like encryption and compression. They differ in security, compatibility, space efficiency, and reliability. Clusters help divide hard disks into blocks to properly arrange and maintain data.

1. FILE SYSTEMSBY M. ALAMGIR NASIRSYED FARAZ ALI MUDASSAR

2. What is a file system?A file system is an index containing the physical location of every piece of data on a storage device.A file system is also responsible for the storage and indexing of metadata. It partitions the storage device into manageable allocation units.

3. Why is file system needed?The need for efficient organization.Easier management.Balance of efficient disk use and performance.

4. FATStands for file allocation table.Created in 1977 by Microsoft.A relatively simple file system.Now a days used mostly in portable media.

5. NTFSStands for new technology file system.Release in 1993A journaling file systemEncryptedFile compression

6. DifferenceSecurityCompatibilitySpace efficiencyReliability

7. Clustersclusters are different blocks in which hard disk is divided by the FAT and NTFS. It helps in proper arrangement and maintenance of data.Clusters are further divided into sectors