A hierarchical file system organizes files and directories in a tree-like structure, with a root directory at the top and sub directories branching down.

1. File System
Black Python
Hierarchical file system
and Directory structure
Name : Tiwari Shani
Enr. No. :- 2404030101039
Div :- F

2. What Is File System?
File System are the standards
for organizing data on storage
devices

3. FAT (File Allocation Table)
• Developed by Microsoft.
• Simple, widely supported.
• Limited security, scalability.
• Used in:
Older Windows versions.
Embedded systems.
USB drives.

4. NTFS (New Technology File System)
• Developed by Microsoft.
• Advanced security, scalability.
• Supports:
Access control lists (ACLs).
Encryption.
Compression.
• Used in:
Modern Windows versions.

5. EXT4 (Fourth Extended Filesystem)
• Developed by Linux community.
• High-performance, reliable.
• Supports:
Journaling.
Large file support.
Access control lists (ACLs).
• Used in:
Linux distributions.

6. HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus)
• Developed by Apple.
• Optimized for Mac OS X.
• Supports:
Journaling.
File compression.
Access control lists (ACLs).
• Used in:
Mac OS X (older versions).

7. APFS (Apple File System)
• Developed by Apple.
• Replaced HFS+ in macOS High Sierra (2017).
• Supports:
Snapshotting.
Cloning.
Encryption.

8. Directory Structures
1. Hierarchical File System (HFS):
Tree-like structure.
Root directory (/) at top.
Subdirectories and files
within.
2. Directory structure in Windows:
Drive letters (C:, D:, etc.).
Root directory of each drive.
Subdirectories and files
within.
3. Directory structure in Linux/Unix:
Root directory (/) at top.
Subdirectories and files
within.
Special directories:
/bin (binaries).

9. Key Concepts
1. Inodes: Data structures storing file
metadata.
2. Blocks: Fixed-size data storage units.
3. Journaling: Logging file system
changes for reliability.
4. File permissions: Access control for files
and directories.
5. Symbolic links: Shortcuts to files or
directories.

10. With Our All
Team Member’s
Thank You!
Black Python