Figures of speech are creative expressions used in writing and speaking to make ideas more vivid, imaginative, and engaging. They go beyond the literal meaning of words to create comparisons, emphasize ideas, or add color to language.

1. SIMILE,
METAPHOR,
AND OTHERS
Figures of Speech Based on Resemblance

2. Identify and define simile,
metaphor, personification,
apostrophe, allusion, and
antonomasia.
Recognize and analyze
these figures of speech in
literature and everyday
language.
Create examples of simile,
metaphor, personification,
apostrophe, allusion, and
antonomasia.
Lesson Outcomes

3. "The King of the Jungle"
"The world is a stage."
"As brave as a lion."
"O, Romeo, Romeo! ... art thou Romeo?"
"He has the patience of Job."
"The leaves danced in the wind."
Warming Up!
• Form groups of 3-4 students.
Get into Groups:
• Read the phrases on the right and match
them to their appropriate figures of speech:
simile, metaphor, personification,
apostrophe, allusion, and antonomasia.
• After matching, we'll go over the answers
together. Be ready to explain why you made
each match.
Match phrases:

4. What are figures of
speech based on
resemblance?
Resemblance means similarity or likeness. So, these
figures of speech work by comparing things that are
alike in some way, even if they seem very different
at first glance.
Figures of speech that belong to this category are
simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe,
allusion, and antonomasia.

5. Definition
Example
In this poem, Burns compares
his love to a red rose using
"like," which is a classic
example of a simile.
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two
unlike things using the words "like" or "as."
• "Her smile was as bright as the sun."
• "As brave as a lion."
Simile
O my Luve's like a red, red rose,
That's newly sprung in June;
O my Luve's like the melodie
That's sweetly played in tune.
by Robert Burns (1794)
A Red, Red Rose
Example:

6. Definition
Example
Here, Shakespeare metaphorically
describes the beauty of the beloved
as an "eternal summer," suggesting
warmth and brightness.
A metaphor directly compares two unlike things
without using "like" or "as."
• "The world is a stage."
• "Time is a thief."
Metaphor
But thy eternal summer
shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of
that fair thou ow’st;
by William Shakespeare (1609)
Sonnet 18 (an excerpt)
Example:

7. Definition
Example
Personification is a figure of speech where
human qualities are given to non-human objects
or abstract concepts.
• "The leaves danced in the wind."
Personification
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay,
where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy
music too,—
by John Keats (1820)
To Autumn (an excerpt)
Example:
In this excerpt, Keats
personifies autumn, giving it
the ability to have music and to
touch the plains.

8. Definition
Example
Apostrophe is a figure of speech in which a
speaker addresses someone absent, dead, or an
inanimate object as if it could respond.
• "O, Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
Personification
O wild West Wind, thou breath of
Autumn's being,
Thou, from whose unseen presence
the leaves dead
by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1820)
Ode to the West Wind (an excerpt)
Example:
Shelley directly addresses the
West Wind, invoking its power
and presence as though it
could hear and respond.

9. Definition
Example
An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a
reference to a well-known person, place, event,
or work of art, without explicitly mentioning it.
• "He met his Waterloo." (Alluding to Napoleon)
Allusion
April is the cruellest month, breeding
Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing
Memory and desire, stirring
Dull roots with spring rain.
by T.S. Eliot (1922)
The Waste Land (an excerpt)
Example:
Eliot alludes to the opening line of
Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales,
which begins with "Whan that Aprille
with his shoures soote."

10. Definition
Example
Antonomasia is a figure of speech where a
proper name is replaced with a title, epithet, or
descriptive phrase.
• "The King of the Jungle" (for the lion)
Antonomasia
Hail, King! for so thou art...
That speak my salutation in their minds;
Whose voices I desire aloud with mine:
Hail, King of Scotland!"
William Shakespeare (1606)
Macbeth (an excerpt)
Example:
In this passage, Macbeth is addressed
as "King of Scotland," using a title
instead of his name, which is an
example of antonomasia.

11. Apostrophe
Allusion
Antonomasia
Personification
Simile
Metaphor
Group Work
• Get into small groups of 3-4 students.
Get into Groups:
• Each group will be assigned one figure of
speech: simile, metaphor, personification,
apostrophe, allusion, or antonomasia.
Assign a Figure of Speech:
• Work together to create a short skit, poem,
or story that uses your assigned figure of
speech.
Create Your Piece:

12. CRITERIA
EXCELLENT
(10 POINTS)
GOOD
(7-9 POINTS)
SATISFACTORY
(4-6 POINTS)
NEEDS IMPROVEMENT
(1-3 POINTS)
UNDERSTANDING OF
FIGURE OF SPEECH
Demonstrates an understanding of
the assigned figure of speech. It is
creatively integrated into the skit,
poem, or story.
Shows a good understanding of the
assigned figure of speech, with
clear integration into the work.
Shows a basic understanding of the
figure of speech, but the
integration is somewhat unclear or
forced.
Shows little to no understanding of
the assigned figure of speech, with
minimal or incorrect integration.
CREATIVITY AND
ORIGINALITY
The skit, poem, or story is
exceptionally creative, engaging,
and original.
The work is creative and
interesting, with some original
ideas.
The work shows some creativity,
but it is somewhat predictable or
lacking in originality.
The work lacks creativity and
originality; it feels generic or
uninspired.
PRESENTATION
The presentation is clear, confident,
and engaging. The group
effectively communicates their
ideas and the use of the figure of
speech.
The presentation is clear and
communicates the ideas well,
though not as engaging.
The presentation is somewhat
unclear or lacks confidence, but the
basic ideas are communicated.
The presentation is unclear, lacks
confidence, or does not effectively
communicate the ideas.
COLLABORATION AND
PARTICIPATION
All group members contributed
equally and effectively; strong
teamwork evident.
Most group members contributed
effectively; teamwork was generally
strong.
Some group members contributed
more than others; teamwork was
inconsistent.
Minimal contribution from most
group members; teamwork was
weak or lacking.
How will it be graded?

13. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!

14. Resource
Page
Feel free to utilize these
valuable resources as
references for your upcoming
projects. These elements are at
your disposal to aid and guide
you in your future projects.

15. Shortcut
Keys
Enhance the learning
experience by incorporating
these handy shortcut keys
while in presentation mode.
B for blur
M for mic
drop
U for unveil
C for
confetti
O for
bubbles
0-9 Any number from 0-9 for a timer
D for a
drumroll
Q for quiet

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