Introduction of pain and managment of pain.pptxUsamaTahir78
This document provides information on pain, including its definition, signs and symptoms, physiology, classification, assessment, and management. It defines pain and describes the process of transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of painful stimuli. Pain is classified based on duration, location, intensity and etiology. Common signs of pain include increased respiratory rate and heart rate, pallor, moaning, and guarding the affected area. Unrelieved pain can delay recovery and increase complications. A comprehensive pain assessment involves patient self-report, observation of behaviors, and monitoring of physiological parameters. Treatment involves both pharmacological interventions like opioids and non-pharmacological alternatives such as massage and relaxation.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. It is more common in women than men. While pain is the primary symptom, it also involves fatigue, sleep issues, cognitive problems, anxiety and depression. There is no known cause but factors like genetics and abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system may play a role. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like exercise and stress management as well as medications like antidepressants. While not curable, some patients are able to adapt well through treatment, but a minority have severe, treatment-resistant symptoms.
Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by a painful and progressive loss of shoulder range of motion. It typically progresses through painful, freezing, and thawing phases over 1-2 years. Treatment involves medications to manage pain, physical therapy to restore range of motion, and in refractory cases, procedures like corticosteroid injections or surgery. While pain is usually transient, some patients may develop permanent loss of range of motion.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease involving damage to the protective myelin sheath surrounding the nerves in the central nervous system. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as vision problems, tingling/numbness, muscle weakness, balance issues, and fatigue.
- There are several types of MS defined by patterns of relapse and progression of symptoms. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage relapses as well as physiotherapy focusing on exercises, balance training, managing fatigue, and compensatory strategies to improve function and quality of life.
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy where there is demyelination of peripheral nerves. It presents with rapidly progressive symmetric motor weakness, areflexia, and sensory symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and albuminocytological dissociation seen on lumbar puncture. Treatment involves plasmapheresis, IVIG, or steroids to reduce immune-mediated damage. Physiotherapy management focuses on maintaining respiratory function, range of motion, muscle strength, and functional mobility through various exercises to aid recovery.
Introduction of pain and managment of pain.pptxUsamaTahir78
This document provides information on pain, including its definition, signs and symptoms, physiology, classification, assessment, and management. It defines pain and describes the process of transduction, transmission, perception, and modulation of painful stimuli. Pain is classified based on duration, location, intensity and etiology. Common signs of pain include increased respiratory rate and heart rate, pallor, moaning, and guarding the affected area. Unrelieved pain can delay recovery and increase complications. A comprehensive pain assessment involves patient self-report, observation of behaviors, and monitoring of physiological parameters. Treatment involves both pharmacological interventions like opioids and non-pharmacological alternatives such as massage and relaxation.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and tenderness. It is more common in women than men. While pain is the primary symptom, it also involves fatigue, sleep issues, cognitive problems, anxiety and depression. There is no known cause but factors like genetics and abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system may play a role. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like exercise and stress management as well as medications like antidepressants. While not curable, some patients are able to adapt well through treatment, but a minority have severe, treatment-resistant symptoms.
Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by a painful and progressive loss of shoulder range of motion. It typically progresses through painful, freezing, and thawing phases over 1-2 years. Treatment involves medications to manage pain, physical therapy to restore range of motion, and in refractory cases, procedures like corticosteroid injections or surgery. While pain is usually transient, some patients may develop permanent loss of range of motion.
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease involving damage to the protective myelin sheath surrounding the nerves in the central nervous system. It presents with a variety of symptoms such as vision problems, tingling/numbness, muscle weakness, balance issues, and fatigue.
- There are several types of MS defined by patterns of relapse and progression of symptoms. Management involves medications to reduce inflammation and manage relapses as well as physiotherapy focusing on exercises, balance training, managing fatigue, and compensatory strategies to improve function and quality of life.
Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyneuropathy where there is demyelination of peripheral nerves. It presents with rapidly progressive symmetric motor weakness, areflexia, and sensory symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and albuminocytological dissociation seen on lumbar puncture. Treatment involves plasmapheresis, IVIG, or steroids to reduce immune-mediated damage. Physiotherapy management focuses on maintaining respiratory function, range of motion, muscle strength, and functional mobility through various exercises to aid recovery.
Pain is a complex multidimensional experience that is subjective. It involves sensory, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Pain is the most common complaint of critically ill patients and is difficult to assess in the ICU due to impaired communication and various barriers. Adequate pain management is important for patient outcomes and involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Sedation is also challenging in the ICU and aims to balance patient comfort and safety while avoiding over sedation.
This document provides an overview of fibromyalgia, including:
- Fibromyalgia causes widespread pain, fatigue, and other types of discomfort throughout the body. While symptoms resemble arthritis, it affects soft tissues rather than joints.
- Common symptoms include widespread pain, headaches, fatigue, sleep issues, and fibro-fog. The cause is unknown but may involve genetics and traumatic injuries.
- Treatment options aim to relieve symptoms and improve sleep, including exercise, acupuncture, psychotherapy, and some medications. People need to work with their doctor to develop an individualized treatment plan.
Pharmacology of Chronic Pain Treatment Addiction and Risks Michael Changaris
Currently, we are in the middle of an epidemic. More people die from addiction to pain medications then die from car accidents.
This lecture explores the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain. It includes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapeutic and other treatment modalities.
INTRODUCTION OF GBS,
TYPES OF GBS,
INCUDENCE OF GBS,
ETIOLOGY OF GBS,
PATHOLOGY OF OF GBS,
CLINICAL FEATURES OF GBS,
INVESTIGATION OF GBS,
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF GBS,
PROGNOSIS OF GBS,
TRATMENT OF GBS,
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF OF GBS,
This document provides an overview of the pharmacology units covered in the Senior 6 Associate Nursing Program. It discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of fever, pain, seizures and inflammation. Specific medications reviewed include acetaminophen, morphine, tramadol, anesthetics and the WHO pain management ladder. It aims to provide nurses with the knowledge to appropriately administer medications for these conditions.
Fibromyalgia, Bell's Palsy and Parkinson's DiseaseTeMz Gordonas
This document contains a written report on Fibromyalgia, Bell's Palsy, and Parkinson's Disease submitted by a physical therapy intern. For Fibromyalgia, it provides definitions, characteristics, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, contributing factors, and management approaches. For Bell's Palsy, it describes the anatomy of the facial nerve, signs and symptoms, prognosis, and physical therapy management. For Parkinson's Disease, it outlines the anatomy of the basal ganglia and striatal motor system involved.
The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms.
Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control.
In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families. They generally interfere with school, home life, and peer relationships. These youngsters are more likely to be considered sickly or health impaired by parents and caretakers, to be absent from school, and to perform poorly in academics. Somatization is often associated temporarily with psychosocial stress and can persist even after the acute stressor has resolved, resulting in the belief by the child and his or her family that the correct medical diagnosis has not yet been found. Thus, patients and families may continue to seek repeated medical treatment after being informed that no acute physical illness has been found and that the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition. When somatization occurs in the context of a physical illness, it is identified by symptoms that go beyond the expected pathophysiology of the physical illness.
Recurrent complaints often present as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas to the primary care practitioner (PCP) who is trying to make sense of these symptoms. The PCP may feel poorly prepared and/or may have little time to assess or treat the somatic concerns. While the more disabling somatic complaints are more likely to be referred to a mental health professional, these youngsters presenting with these disabling physical symptoms bridge both medical and psychological domains and present a puzzling quandary for professionals from either field if working with them alone. [3] The nature of these symptoms requires an integrated medical and psychiatric treatment approach to successfully decrease the impairment caused by these disorders.
Pain and sedation in critically ill patientsDeepiKaur2
The document discusses pain and sedation management in critically ill patients. It defines pain and outlines various pain assessment scales used in intensive care settings. It also discusses the purposes, types, and complications of sedation. The key principles of optimizing analgesia and sedation include individualizing treatment, using guidelines to standardize care, regularly assessing pain and sedation levels, and tapering medications daily. Behavioral pain scales can help assess pain in sedated or nonverbal patients. Benzodiazepines are commonly used sedative medications but have risks of accumulation and prolonged effects that must be monitored.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system that causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. It is caused by an immune system attack on the peripheral nerves. The main symptoms are rapidly increasing muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling in the legs and arms. Diagnosis involves spinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction tests. Treatment focuses on supporting breathing, preventing complications, and hastening recovery through treatments like plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin. Most people recover fully or nearly fully from GBS, but some continue to have some degree of weakness.
1. The document discusses the management of acute pain, defining it as sudden onset pain that is usually temporary, lasting several minutes to days.
2. It classifies pain based on onset as either acute or chronic pain and discusses pain scoring methods like the visual analog scale.
3. The management of acute pain involves a multimodal approach including the WHO analgesic ladder starting with non-opioid drugs like acetaminophen and NSAIDs before progressing to weak then strong opioids if needed, with the goal of early intervention and adequate pain reduction.
Dr. Shekhar Anand presented on methods of chronic pain management to the Department of Anesthesiology. He discussed that chronic pain is defined as pain lasting longer than 3-6 months and can be nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed in nature. Chronic pain is best managed using a multidisciplinary approach including pharmacological interventions like opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, as well as non-pharmacological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and interventional procedures. The goals of chronic pain management are to improve function and quality of life, rather than to cure the underlying cause of pain.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that results in progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by an autoimmune attack on the peripheral nervous system. Common symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness, and difficulty walking. Treatment involves supportive care, immunotherapy such as plasmapheresis or IV immunoglobulin, and rehabilitation to regain motor function. Physiotherapy focuses on maintaining range of motion, strength, endurance, and functional mobility through passive movements, splinting, electrical stimulation, gait training, and functional exercises.
Fibromyalgia can be resolved by medical herbalismmorwenna2
A recent public awareness survey by the National Fibromyalgia Association illustrates a significant lack of understanding about Fibromyalgia: nearly half of the general public (45%) has never heard of Fibromyalgia, many people who are knowledgeable about the disorder incorrectly believe that nothing can be done to manage it, and nearly half (48%) of all healthcare providers are reluctant to diagnose a patient with the condition (National Fibromyalgia Association, 2007).
Pain as the 5 th vital sign guidelines for doctorsterezacl
This document provides guidelines for doctors on managing adult patients' pain. It includes 5 guidelines and 2 appendices. Guideline 1 discusses pain assessment. Guideline 2 differentiates between acute and chronic pain. Guideline 3 provides a general guide for diagnosing and managing chronic non-cancer pain, including referring patients to a pain clinic. Guideline 4 presents an analgesic ladder for acute pain management using medications from weak to strong opioids. Guideline 5 discusses titrating opioids like morphine for rapid pain relief. The appendices provide notes on analgesic medications and managing side effects.
This document discusses optimizing pain management in cancer treatment. It provides an overview of concepts like total pain, the WHO analgesic ladder for treating pain with opioids, and the importance of proper pain assessment and documentation. The key points are:
1) Total pain includes physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual suffering experienced by cancer patients.
2) The WHO analgesic ladder recommends treating mild pain with non-opioids like paracetamol, moderate pain with weak opioids like codeine, and severe pain with strong opioids like morphine.
3) Proper pain assessment involves documenting pain scores, characteristics, causes, and impact on function to effectively guide pain treatment decisions.
This document discusses optimizing pain management in cancer treatment. It provides an overview of concepts like total pain, the WHO analgesic ladder for treating pain with opioids, and the importance of proper pain assessment and documentation. The key points are:
1) Total pain includes physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual suffering experienced by cancer patients.
2) The WHO analgesic ladder recommends treating mild pain with non-opioids like paracetamol, moderate pain with weak opioids like codeine, and severe pain with strong opioids like morphine.
3) Proper pain assessment involves documenting pain scores, characteristics, causes, and impact on function to effectively guide pain treatment decisions.
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by widespread muscle pain and tenderness. It affects around 2% of the US population. While the cause is unknown, it is believed to involve abnormalities in the central nervous system that increase pain sensitivity. Diagnosis is based on evaluating tender points and a symptom severity scale. Treatments aim to reduce pain and improve sleep, mood, and daily functioning, and may include medications, exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and complementary therapies. The prognosis is not life-threatening but symptoms can fluctuate over time. More research is still needed to better understand and manage this complex condition.
Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological condition where the spinal cord becomes inflamed across its width. It is often caused by an autoimmune response following a viral infection. Symptoms depend on the level of spinal cord involvement and may include sensory changes, motor weakness, and sphincter disturbances. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and showing signs of spinal cord inflammation. The goals of physiotherapy are to improve strength, mobility, and independence through exercises and management of issues like spasticity and skin care.
Guillain Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. It is usually preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. The presentation involves ascending paralysis that impacts mobility, breathing, swallowing, and other functions. Treatment focuses on supportive care, immunoglobulin therapy, and rehabilitation to aid recovery, which can take weeks or months with potential residual effects. Nursing care monitors for complications and manages symptoms through the course of the condition.
Physiotherapy following general surgeryBaria Mihir
Physiotherapy plays an important role following surgery to aid recovery. The physiotherapist works closely with the surgeon to develop a treatment plan. Pre-operatively, assessments are conducted and exercises taught to prepare the patient. Post-operatively, assessments check for complications while treatments focus on breathing, circulation, mobility and ADLs to promote healing and prevent issues like pneumonia or blood clots. Regular physiotherapy is beneficial for many types of surgery to help patients regain independence and normal function.
Pain is a complex multidimensional experience that is subjective. It involves sensory, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Pain is the most common complaint of critically ill patients and is difficult to assess in the ICU due to impaired communication and various barriers. Adequate pain management is important for patient outcomes and involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Sedation is also challenging in the ICU and aims to balance patient comfort and safety while avoiding over sedation.
This document provides an overview of fibromyalgia, including:
- Fibromyalgia causes widespread pain, fatigue, and other types of discomfort throughout the body. While symptoms resemble arthritis, it affects soft tissues rather than joints.
- Common symptoms include widespread pain, headaches, fatigue, sleep issues, and fibro-fog. The cause is unknown but may involve genetics and traumatic injuries.
- Treatment options aim to relieve symptoms and improve sleep, including exercise, acupuncture, psychotherapy, and some medications. People need to work with their doctor to develop an individualized treatment plan.
Pharmacology of Chronic Pain Treatment Addiction and Risks Michael Changaris
Currently, we are in the middle of an epidemic. More people die from addiction to pain medications then die from car accidents.
This lecture explores the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain. It includes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapeutic and other treatment modalities.
INTRODUCTION OF GBS,
TYPES OF GBS,
INCUDENCE OF GBS,
ETIOLOGY OF GBS,
PATHOLOGY OF OF GBS,
CLINICAL FEATURES OF GBS,
INVESTIGATION OF GBS,
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF GBS,
PROGNOSIS OF GBS,
TRATMENT OF GBS,
PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF OF GBS,
This document provides an overview of the pharmacology units covered in the Senior 6 Associate Nursing Program. It discusses the pathophysiology and treatment of fever, pain, seizures and inflammation. Specific medications reviewed include acetaminophen, morphine, tramadol, anesthetics and the WHO pain management ladder. It aims to provide nurses with the knowledge to appropriately administer medications for these conditions.
Fibromyalgia, Bell's Palsy and Parkinson's DiseaseTeMz Gordonas
This document contains a written report on Fibromyalgia, Bell's Palsy, and Parkinson's Disease submitted by a physical therapy intern. For Fibromyalgia, it provides definitions, characteristics, prevalence, diagnostic criteria, contributing factors, and management approaches. For Bell's Palsy, it describes the anatomy of the facial nerve, signs and symptoms, prognosis, and physical therapy management. For Parkinson's Disease, it outlines the anatomy of the basal ganglia and striatal motor system involved.
The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which a patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Medically unexplained physical symptoms account for as many as 50% of new medical outpatient visits. [1] Physical symptoms or painful complaints of unknown etiology are fairly common in pediatric populations. [2] Many healthy young children express emotional distress in terms of physical pain, such as stomachaches or headaches, but these complaints are usually transient and do not effect the child's overall functioning. The somatoform disorders represent the severe end of a continuum of somatic symptoms.
Somatization in children consists of the persistent experience and complaints of somatic distress that cannot be fully explained by a medical diagnosis. They can be represented by a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild self-limited symptoms, such as stomachache and headache, to chronic disabling symptoms, such as seizures and paralysis. These psychological disorders are often difficult to approach and complex to understand. It is important to note that these symptoms are not intentionally produced or under voluntary control.
In somatoform disorders, somatic symptoms become the focus of children and their families. They generally interfere with school, home life, and peer relationships. These youngsters are more likely to be considered sickly or health impaired by parents and caretakers, to be absent from school, and to perform poorly in academics. Somatization is often associated temporarily with psychosocial stress and can persist even after the acute stressor has resolved, resulting in the belief by the child and his or her family that the correct medical diagnosis has not yet been found. Thus, patients and families may continue to seek repeated medical treatment after being informed that no acute physical illness has been found and that the symptoms cannot be fully explained by a general medical condition. When somatization occurs in the context of a physical illness, it is identified by symptoms that go beyond the expected pathophysiology of the physical illness.
Recurrent complaints often present as diagnostic and treatment dilemmas to the primary care practitioner (PCP) who is trying to make sense of these symptoms. The PCP may feel poorly prepared and/or may have little time to assess or treat the somatic concerns. While the more disabling somatic complaints are more likely to be referred to a mental health professional, these youngsters presenting with these disabling physical symptoms bridge both medical and psychological domains and present a puzzling quandary for professionals from either field if working with them alone. [3] The nature of these symptoms requires an integrated medical and psychiatric treatment approach to successfully decrease the impairment caused by these disorders.
Pain and sedation in critically ill patientsDeepiKaur2
The document discusses pain and sedation management in critically ill patients. It defines pain and outlines various pain assessment scales used in intensive care settings. It also discusses the purposes, types, and complications of sedation. The key principles of optimizing analgesia and sedation include individualizing treatment, using guidelines to standardize care, regularly assessing pain and sedation levels, and tapering medications daily. Behavioral pain scales can help assess pain in sedated or nonverbal patients. Benzodiazepines are commonly used sedative medications but have risks of accumulation and prolonged effects that must be monitored.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system that causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. It is caused by an immune system attack on the peripheral nerves. The main symptoms are rapidly increasing muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling in the legs and arms. Diagnosis involves spinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction tests. Treatment focuses on supporting breathing, preventing complications, and hastening recovery through treatments like plasmapheresis or intravenous immunoglobulin. Most people recover fully or nearly fully from GBS, but some continue to have some degree of weakness.
1. The document discusses the management of acute pain, defining it as sudden onset pain that is usually temporary, lasting several minutes to days.
2. It classifies pain based on onset as either acute or chronic pain and discusses pain scoring methods like the visual analog scale.
3. The management of acute pain involves a multimodal approach including the WHO analgesic ladder starting with non-opioid drugs like acetaminophen and NSAIDs before progressing to weak then strong opioids if needed, with the goal of early intervention and adequate pain reduction.
Dr. Shekhar Anand presented on methods of chronic pain management to the Department of Anesthesiology. He discussed that chronic pain is defined as pain lasting longer than 3-6 months and can be nociceptive, neuropathic, or mixed in nature. Chronic pain is best managed using a multidisciplinary approach including pharmacological interventions like opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, as well as non-pharmacological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and interventional procedures. The goals of chronic pain management are to improve function and quality of life, rather than to cure the underlying cause of pain.
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that results in progressive muscle weakness. It is caused by an autoimmune attack on the peripheral nervous system. Common symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness, and difficulty walking. Treatment involves supportive care, immunotherapy such as plasmapheresis or IV immunoglobulin, and rehabilitation to regain motor function. Physiotherapy focuses on maintaining range of motion, strength, endurance, and functional mobility through passive movements, splinting, electrical stimulation, gait training, and functional exercises.
Fibromyalgia can be resolved by medical herbalismmorwenna2
A recent public awareness survey by the National Fibromyalgia Association illustrates a significant lack of understanding about Fibromyalgia: nearly half of the general public (45%) has never heard of Fibromyalgia, many people who are knowledgeable about the disorder incorrectly believe that nothing can be done to manage it, and nearly half (48%) of all healthcare providers are reluctant to diagnose a patient with the condition (National Fibromyalgia Association, 2007).
Pain as the 5 th vital sign guidelines for doctorsterezacl
This document provides guidelines for doctors on managing adult patients' pain. It includes 5 guidelines and 2 appendices. Guideline 1 discusses pain assessment. Guideline 2 differentiates between acute and chronic pain. Guideline 3 provides a general guide for diagnosing and managing chronic non-cancer pain, including referring patients to a pain clinic. Guideline 4 presents an analgesic ladder for acute pain management using medications from weak to strong opioids. Guideline 5 discusses titrating opioids like morphine for rapid pain relief. The appendices provide notes on analgesic medications and managing side effects.
This document discusses optimizing pain management in cancer treatment. It provides an overview of concepts like total pain, the WHO analgesic ladder for treating pain with opioids, and the importance of proper pain assessment and documentation. The key points are:
1) Total pain includes physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual suffering experienced by cancer patients.
2) The WHO analgesic ladder recommends treating mild pain with non-opioids like paracetamol, moderate pain with weak opioids like codeine, and severe pain with strong opioids like morphine.
3) Proper pain assessment involves documenting pain scores, characteristics, causes, and impact on function to effectively guide pain treatment decisions.
This document discusses optimizing pain management in cancer treatment. It provides an overview of concepts like total pain, the WHO analgesic ladder for treating pain with opioids, and the importance of proper pain assessment and documentation. The key points are:
1) Total pain includes physical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual suffering experienced by cancer patients.
2) The WHO analgesic ladder recommends treating mild pain with non-opioids like paracetamol, moderate pain with weak opioids like codeine, and severe pain with strong opioids like morphine.
3) Proper pain assessment involves documenting pain scores, characteristics, causes, and impact on function to effectively guide pain treatment decisions.
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by widespread muscle pain and tenderness. It affects around 2% of the US population. While the cause is unknown, it is believed to involve abnormalities in the central nervous system that increase pain sensitivity. Diagnosis is based on evaluating tender points and a symptom severity scale. Treatments aim to reduce pain and improve sleep, mood, and daily functioning, and may include medications, exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and complementary therapies. The prognosis is not life-threatening but symptoms can fluctuate over time. More research is still needed to better understand and manage this complex condition.
Transverse myelitis is a rare neurological condition where the spinal cord becomes inflamed across its width. It is often caused by an autoimmune response following a viral infection. Symptoms depend on the level of spinal cord involvement and may include sensory changes, motor weakness, and sphincter disturbances. Diagnosis involves ruling out other causes and showing signs of spinal cord inflammation. The goals of physiotherapy are to improve strength, mobility, and independence through exercises and management of issues like spasticity and skin care.
Guillain Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. It is usually preceded by a viral or bacterial infection. The presentation involves ascending paralysis that impacts mobility, breathing, swallowing, and other functions. Treatment focuses on supportive care, immunoglobulin therapy, and rehabilitation to aid recovery, which can take weeks or months with potential residual effects. Nursing care monitors for complications and manages symptoms through the course of the condition.
Physiotherapy following general surgeryBaria Mihir
Physiotherapy plays an important role following surgery to aid recovery. The physiotherapist works closely with the surgeon to develop a treatment plan. Pre-operatively, assessments are conducted and exercises taught to prepare the patient. Post-operatively, assessments check for complications while treatments focus on breathing, circulation, mobility and ADLs to promote healing and prevent issues like pneumonia or blood clots. Regular physiotherapy is beneficial for many types of surgery to help patients regain independence and normal function.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
1. A 33-year-old Caucasian female presents with diffuse
arthralgias in an outpatient clinic. She reports joint
swelling, stiffness, and fatigue. Symptoms have been
ongoing since childhood. She has seen specialists in the
past without a diagnosis. She self-medicates with
ibuprofen daily with partial relief. The pain does not
wake her up from sleep.
On physical exam, she has velvety skin. She can
hyperextend her fingers, elbows, and knees. Despite
having back pain, she has full ROM of her lumbar spine
and can touch the floor with the palms of her hands
and do the splits easily. She had 2 tender points on
exam. There is no joint swelling.
2. What is her likely diagnosis?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Seronegative spondyloarthritis
C. Fibromyalgia
D. Joint hypermobility Sundrome
E. Osteoarthritis
4. INTRODUCTION
• Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic
widespread musculoskeletal pain and
tenderness.
• FM is defined primarily as a pain syndrome,
patients also commonly report associated
neuropsychological symptoms of fatigue,
unrefreshing sleep, cognitive dysfunction,
anxiety, and depression.
5. • Presence of FM is associated with substantial
negative consequences for physical and social
functioning.
• Diagnosis of FM is made in ~2% of the population
and is far more common in women than in men,
with a ratio of ~9:1.
• However, in population-based survey studies
worldwide, the prevalence rate is ~2–5%, with a
female-to-male ratio of only 2–3:1 and with some
variability depending on the method of
ascertainment.
6.
7. CLINICAL FEATURES
PAIN AND TENDERNESS
• Patients with FM most commonly report “pain all
over.”
• These patients have pain that is typically both
above and below the waist on both sides of the
body and involves the axial skeleton (neck, back,
or chest).
• For a diagnosis of FM, pain should have been
present most of the day on most days for at least
3 months.
8. • The pain of FM is associated with tenderness
and increased evoked pain sensitivity.
• In clinical practice, this elevated sensitivity
may be identified by pain induced by the
pressure of a blood pressure cuff or skin roll
tenderness.
9. • An examiner may complete a tender-point
examination in which the examiner uses the
thumbnail to exert pressure of ~4 kg/m2 (or
the amount of pressure leading to blanching
of the tip of the thumbnail) on well-defined
musculotendinous sites.
10.
11. • Patients with FM often have peripheral pain generators
that are thought to serve as triggers for the more
widespread pain attributed to central nervous system
factors.
• Potential pain generators such as arthritis, bursitis,
tendinitis, neuropathies, and other inflammatory or
degenerative conditions should be identified by history and
physical examination.
• More subtle pain generators may include joint
hypermobility and scoliosis.
• In addition, patients may have chronic myalgias triggered
by infectious, metabolic, or psychiatric conditions that can
serve as triggers for the development of FM.
12. NEUROPSHYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS
• In addition to widespread pain, FM patients
typically report fatigue, stiffness, sleep
disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety,
and depression.
• Relative to pain, such symptoms may,
however, have an equal or even greater
impact on function and quality of life.
13. OVERLAPPING SYNDROMES
• Because FM can overlap in presentation with
other chronic pain conditions, review of
systems often reveals headaches, facial/jaw
pain, regional myofascial pain particularly
involving the neck or back, and arthritis.
14. COMORBID CONDITIONS
• Comorbid with chronic musculoskeletal,
infectious, metabolic, or psychiatric
conditions.
• Similarly, chronic infectious,metabolic, or
psychiatric diseases associated with
musculoskeletal pain can mimic FM and/or
serve as a trigger for the development of FM.
17. APPROACH TO THE PATIENT
• FM is common and has an extraordinary impact on the
patient’s function and health-related quality of life.
• Optimal management requires prompt diagnosis and
assessment of pain, function, and psychosocial context.
• Physicians and other health professionals can be
helpful in managing some of the symptoms and impact
of FM.
• Developing a partnership with patients is essential for
improving the outcome of FM, with a goal of
understanding the factors involved, implementing a
treatment strategy, and choosing appropriate non-
pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments.
18.
19. TREATMENT- NON-PHARMACOLOGIC
• Patients must be educated regarding
expectations for treatment.
• The physician should focus on improved
function and quality of life rather than
elimination of pain.
• Illness behaviors, such as frequent physician
visits, should be discouraged and behaviors
that focus on improved function strongly
encouraged.
20. • Treatment strategies should include physical
conditioning, with encouragement to begin at
low levels of aerobic exercise and to proceed
with slow but consistent advancement.
• Patients who have been physically inactive or
who report post-exertional malaise may do
best in supervised or water-based programs at
the start.
21. TREATMENT-PHARMACOLOGIC
• It is essential for the clinician to treat any
comorbid triggering condition and to clearly
delineate for the patient the treatment goals
for each medication.
• For example, glucocorticoids or nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful for
management of inflammatory triggers but are
not effective against FM-related symptoms.
22. • It should be emphasized that strong opioid
analgesics are to be avoided in patients with
FM.
• These agents have no demonstrated efficacy
in FM and are associated with adverse effects
that can worsen both symptoms and function.
23. • Tramadol, an opioid with mild serotonin-
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor activity has
been studied in this population with indication
of efficacy.
• Use of single agents to treat multiple
symptom domains is strongly encouraged