تقدير العناصر بالتربة والنبات
التجارب الحقلية:
اختيار التربة وتحديد الموقع
تحضير الارض من ري اولي وحراثة وتنعيم
تقسيم الحقل الى وحدات تجريبية حسب المحصول وطريقة الري وتصميم التجربة(ملاحظة ترك مسافات كافية بين المعاملات لزيادة الدقة(من خلال منع انتقال السماد مع مياه الري من معاملة الى اخرى).
الزراعة واجراء العمليات الادارية المطلوبة من ري واضافة اسمدة وتعشيب ومكافحة الحشرات والامراض.
يتم اضافة الاسمدة وفقاَ للمعاملات المحددة وتضاف بالطرائق المناسبة وفي الاوقات المطلوبة لكل سماد
و تحدد المعاملات حسب الغرض من التجربة ومثال ذلك :
اذا كان الهدف معرفة مدى استجابة المحصول المعين لاضافة عنصر معين او معرفة نقص عنصر معين تكون المعاملات وبشكل مبسط كالاتي :
معاملة بدون اضافة اي سماد (مقارنة)
معاملة يضاف فيها احد العناصر المشكوك بنقصها او العنصر المشكوك بنقصه ولاسيما العناصر المغذية الكبرى باستعمال المصادر السمادية المتوافرة لكل عنصر وبمستوى معين يفضل ان يحدد على اساس تحليل التربة.
معاملات اخرى تتضمن اضافة عنصرين او اكثر للمقارنة مع معاملة المقارنة والمعاملات المنفردة من كل عنصر.
الري يضاف بالكميات والمواعيد المطلوبة قدر الامكان
اضافة المبيدات واجراء المكافحة في الاوقات المناسبة
يستمر بالتجربة الى موعد النضج والحصاد للمحصول قدر الامكان وتؤخذ الملاحظات على طول مدة النمو . يتم تحليل النتائج احصائياَ لمعرفة المعاملة المؤثرة
من تفسير النتائج ومناقشتها نتوصل الى مستوى التربة الخصوبي.
foliar application nutrients to plant.pptxMaqsoodKhalid3
Foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves.
Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves.
The absorption takes place faster through their stomata but total absorption may be as great through the epidermis.
Plants are also able to absorb nutrients through their bark.
Foliar nutrient uptake is a means of rapid nutrient supply, especially when soil nutrient availability or root activity is reduced.
Till 1997-98 strong correlation is found between Fertilizer consumption and food grains production
After 1997-98, this relationship distorted
Most of States are experiencing increase in fertilizer consumption with slower pace of crop productivity
Some states witness consumption of fertilizer picking up without any conspicuous gain on agricultural crop productivity
1-first-lab-nitrogen as soil fertility.pptMaqsoodKhalid3
يُعتبر عنصر النيتروجين من العناصر الغذائية الهامة فى تغذية النبات ، ويحتاجه النبات بكميات كبيرة ، حيث يمثل القدر الأكبر للمكونات العضوية الأساسية فى النبات والتى تشمل البروتينات والانزيمات والأحماض النووية والكلورفيل .
تجمع عينات المياه في عبوات مصنوعة من مادة البولي اثيلين،MaqsoodKhalid3
تجمع عينات المياه في عبوات مصنوعة من مادة البولي اثيلين، تقسم العينة الى قسمين يضاف الى احدهما بضع قطرات من حامض النتريك المختبري المركز للجزء الذي سياخذ الى المختبر لغرض قياس العناصر الثقيلة
Soil infiltration properties (SIPs) of infiltration rate and saturated hydrau...MaqsoodKhalid3
Soil infiltration properties (SIPs) of infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly
affect hydrological and erosion processes, thus, knowledge of SIPs under different land use/cover are vital
for land use management to control soil erosion for realizing the sustainable development of the small
agricultural watershed. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out to investigate the differences in
SIPs and their dominant influencing factors between different land use/cover in the black soil region of
Northeast China. Therefore, eight typical land use/cover were selected to clarify the variations in SIPs
between different land use/cover and further identify their dominant influencing factors. SIPs of initial
infiltration rate (IIR), steady infiltration rate (SIR), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were
determined under eight typical land use/cover (forestland, shrub land, grassland, longitudinal shelterbelt,
transverse shelterbelt, agricultural road, and cropland of Zea mays L. and Glycine max (Linn.) Merr)
using a tension disc infiltrometer with three pressure heads of 3, 1.5, and 0 cm. The results of one-way
ANOVA analysis showed that SIPs varied greatly between different land use/cover. Shelterbelt plant with
Populus L. had the maximum IIR, SIR, and Ks, and then followed by shrub land, agricultural road, cropland,
grassland, and forestland. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIPs were significantly
correlated with soil and vegetation properties. Redundancy analysis revealed that differences in SIPs
between different land use/cover were dominantly attributed to the differences in soil texture, field
capacity, and plant root mass density, which explained 79.36% of the total variation in SIPs. Among these
dominant influencing factors, the results of structural equation model indicated that the indirect effects
of plant root and soil texture played the most important role in variations of SIPs via affecting soil texture
and pore characteristics. These results have significant implications for the precise prediction of
watershed hydrological and erosion processes, also provide a scientific basis for guiding the distribution
pattern of land use in the cultivated watershed.
Perlite provided a good production in soilMaqsoodKhalid3
INTRODUCTION
Firstly, being provided a good production in soil is related to soil physical properties. Some materials which are known "soil amendment" are used to improve of soil physical properties. These materials are necessary to include suitable aeration, sufficient amount and balance available water and plant nutrient matter for successful production. Perlite which especially affects soil physical properties and inorganic soil amendment has got large perlite deposits in Turkey (Munsuz et al., 1974, Munsuz et al., 1982). Properties of perlite especially affects water holding capacity, bulk density and macro-micro porosity of soil.
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the c...MaqsoodKhalid3
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the characteristic of keeping water and fertilizer to ensure the plant's needs. It is used by mixing it with soil at different rates according to the kind of soil (sand-mud) as for the upper layer of soil with enough depth to cover the roots of plants as for trees or shrubs as a rate vary from %15-30 of the result of dig.
foliar application nutrients to plant.pptxMaqsoodKhalid3
Foliar nutrition is a technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to their leaves.
Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves.
The absorption takes place faster through their stomata but total absorption may be as great through the epidermis.
Plants are also able to absorb nutrients through their bark.
Foliar nutrient uptake is a means of rapid nutrient supply, especially when soil nutrient availability or root activity is reduced.
Till 1997-98 strong correlation is found between Fertilizer consumption and food grains production
After 1997-98, this relationship distorted
Most of States are experiencing increase in fertilizer consumption with slower pace of crop productivity
Some states witness consumption of fertilizer picking up without any conspicuous gain on agricultural crop productivity
1-first-lab-nitrogen as soil fertility.pptMaqsoodKhalid3
يُعتبر عنصر النيتروجين من العناصر الغذائية الهامة فى تغذية النبات ، ويحتاجه النبات بكميات كبيرة ، حيث يمثل القدر الأكبر للمكونات العضوية الأساسية فى النبات والتى تشمل البروتينات والانزيمات والأحماض النووية والكلورفيل .
تجمع عينات المياه في عبوات مصنوعة من مادة البولي اثيلين،MaqsoodKhalid3
تجمع عينات المياه في عبوات مصنوعة من مادة البولي اثيلين، تقسم العينة الى قسمين يضاف الى احدهما بضع قطرات من حامض النتريك المختبري المركز للجزء الذي سياخذ الى المختبر لغرض قياس العناصر الثقيلة
Soil infiltration properties (SIPs) of infiltration rate and saturated hydrau...MaqsoodKhalid3
Soil infiltration properties (SIPs) of infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity significantly
affect hydrological and erosion processes, thus, knowledge of SIPs under different land use/cover are vital
for land use management to control soil erosion for realizing the sustainable development of the small
agricultural watershed. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out to investigate the differences in
SIPs and their dominant influencing factors between different land use/cover in the black soil region of
Northeast China. Therefore, eight typical land use/cover were selected to clarify the variations in SIPs
between different land use/cover and further identify their dominant influencing factors. SIPs of initial
infiltration rate (IIR), steady infiltration rate (SIR), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were
determined under eight typical land use/cover (forestland, shrub land, grassland, longitudinal shelterbelt,
transverse shelterbelt, agricultural road, and cropland of Zea mays L. and Glycine max (Linn.) Merr)
using a tension disc infiltrometer with three pressure heads of 3, 1.5, and 0 cm. The results of one-way
ANOVA analysis showed that SIPs varied greatly between different land use/cover. Shelterbelt plant with
Populus L. had the maximum IIR, SIR, and Ks, and then followed by shrub land, agricultural road, cropland,
grassland, and forestland. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that SIPs were significantly
correlated with soil and vegetation properties. Redundancy analysis revealed that differences in SIPs
between different land use/cover were dominantly attributed to the differences in soil texture, field
capacity, and plant root mass density, which explained 79.36% of the total variation in SIPs. Among these
dominant influencing factors, the results of structural equation model indicated that the indirect effects
of plant root and soil texture played the most important role in variations of SIPs via affecting soil texture
and pore characteristics. These results have significant implications for the precise prediction of
watershed hydrological and erosion processes, also provide a scientific basis for guiding the distribution
pattern of land use in the cultivated watershed.
Perlite provided a good production in soilMaqsoodKhalid3
INTRODUCTION
Firstly, being provided a good production in soil is related to soil physical properties. Some materials which are known "soil amendment" are used to improve of soil physical properties. These materials are necessary to include suitable aeration, sufficient amount and balance available water and plant nutrient matter for successful production. Perlite which especially affects soil physical properties and inorganic soil amendment has got large perlite deposits in Turkey (Munsuz et al., 1974, Munsuz et al., 1982). Properties of perlite especially affects water holding capacity, bulk density and macro-micro porosity of soil.
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the c...MaqsoodKhalid3
Perlite supplies the ideal balance between air and water in addition to the characteristic of keeping water and fertilizer to ensure the plant's needs. It is used by mixing it with soil at different rates according to the kind of soil (sand-mud) as for the upper layer of soil with enough depth to cover the roots of plants as for trees or shrubs as a rate vary from %15-30 of the result of dig.
1.THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERLITE AS A SUBSTRATE FOR IMPROVING ON SOME WATER.pdfMaqsoodKhalid3
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERLITE AS A SUBSTRATE FOR IMPROVING ON SOME WATER.
The adsorption on molecular sieves is therefore dependent on the following physical molecular properties:
- Size and Shape; molecules or ions larger than the pore opening of the zeolite can not be adsorbed, smaller molecules or ions can.
-Molecular Polarity; due the charge on outer and inner zeolitic surface particle, molecules with large polarity or polarisability can be adsorbed preferentially under identical conditions
The Effects Of Different Water Stress And Perlite Media On Growing Of Pepper ...MaqsoodKhalid3
The Effects Of Different Water Stress And Perlite Media On Growing Of Pepper Plant.
A zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance with a structure characterized by a framework of linked tetrahedra, each consisting of four O atoms surrounding a cation. This framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages. These are usually occupied by H2O molecules and extra-framework cations that are commonly exchangeable. The channels are large enough to allow the passage of guest species. In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below about 400 °C and is largely reversible. The framework may be interrupted by (OH, F) groups; these occupy a tetrahedron apex that is not shared with adjacent tetrahedra.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Perlite and its Mixture with Organic ...MaqsoodKhalid3
Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Perlite and its Mixture with Organic Substrates on Cucumber in Hydroponics System. A zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance with a structure characterized by a framework of linked tetrahedra, each consisting of four O atoms surrounding a cation. This framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages. These are usually occupied by H2O molecules and extra-framework cations that are commonly exchangeable. The channels are large enough to allow the passage of guest species. In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below about 400 °C and is largely reversible. The framework may be interrupted by (OH, F) groups; these occupy a tetrahedron apex that is not shared with adjacent tetrahedra.
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right size
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right shape
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right polarity
Highly polar materials, ion conductors and ion exchangers
Al+3 acidic site: catalyze a number of chemical reactions
Room temperature operation
High specific surface
يعد البوتاسيوم احد اهم المغذيات الثلاثة الكبرى ويمتص من قبل النباتات الراقية بكميات كبيرة واكثر من أي عنصر غذائي اخر باستثناء النيتروجين وهو من العناصر الغذائية الضرورية كونه يدخل في العديد من في النبات ويعد العنصر السابع من ناحية الوفرةالعمليات الحيوية Biological processes في القشرة الارضية حيث تصل نسبته حوالي 2.6 % ولا يوجد في الطبيعة كعنصر حر بل يوجد عادة متحدا مع عناصر اخرى مثل الاوكسجين على صورة K2O اما في التربة فتصل نسبة البوتاسيوم 0.83 % وعادة ما يكون بصورة كتيون متبادل بالاضافة الى حالته الذائبة .
1.THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERLITE AS A SUBSTRATE FOR IMPROVING ON SOME WATER.pdfMaqsoodKhalid3
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PERLITE AS A SUBSTRATE FOR IMPROVING ON SOME WATER.
The adsorption on molecular sieves is therefore dependent on the following physical molecular properties:
- Size and Shape; molecules or ions larger than the pore opening of the zeolite can not be adsorbed, smaller molecules or ions can.
-Molecular Polarity; due the charge on outer and inner zeolitic surface particle, molecules with large polarity or polarisability can be adsorbed preferentially under identical conditions
The Effects Of Different Water Stress And Perlite Media On Growing Of Pepper ...MaqsoodKhalid3
The Effects Of Different Water Stress And Perlite Media On Growing Of Pepper Plant.
A zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance with a structure characterized by a framework of linked tetrahedra, each consisting of four O atoms surrounding a cation. This framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages. These are usually occupied by H2O molecules and extra-framework cations that are commonly exchangeable. The channels are large enough to allow the passage of guest species. In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below about 400 °C and is largely reversible. The framework may be interrupted by (OH, F) groups; these occupy a tetrahedron apex that is not shared with adjacent tetrahedra.
Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Perlite and its Mixture with Organic ...MaqsoodKhalid3
Effect of Particle Size Distribution of Perlite and its Mixture with Organic Substrates on Cucumber in Hydroponics System. A zeolite mineral is a crystalline substance with a structure characterized by a framework of linked tetrahedra, each consisting of four O atoms surrounding a cation. This framework contains open cavities in the form of channels and cages. These are usually occupied by H2O molecules and extra-framework cations that are commonly exchangeable. The channels are large enough to allow the passage of guest species. In the hydrated phases, dehydration occurs at temperatures mostly below about 400 °C and is largely reversible. The framework may be interrupted by (OH, F) groups; these occupy a tetrahedron apex that is not shared with adjacent tetrahedra.
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right size
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right shape
Trap selectively gas molecules of the right polarity
Highly polar materials, ion conductors and ion exchangers
Al+3 acidic site: catalyze a number of chemical reactions
Room temperature operation
High specific surface
يعد البوتاسيوم احد اهم المغذيات الثلاثة الكبرى ويمتص من قبل النباتات الراقية بكميات كبيرة واكثر من أي عنصر غذائي اخر باستثناء النيتروجين وهو من العناصر الغذائية الضرورية كونه يدخل في العديد من في النبات ويعد العنصر السابع من ناحية الوفرةالعمليات الحيوية Biological processes في القشرة الارضية حيث تصل نسبته حوالي 2.6 % ولا يوجد في الطبيعة كعنصر حر بل يوجد عادة متحدا مع عناصر اخرى مثل الاوكسجين على صورة K2O اما في التربة فتصل نسبة البوتاسيوم 0.83 % وعادة ما يكون بصورة كتيون متبادل بالاضافة الى حالته الذائبة .