SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Fda qualitymanagement system
In this file, you can ref useful information about fda quality management system such as fda
quality management systemforms, tools for fda quality management system, fda quality
management systemstrategies … If you need more assistant for fda quality management system,
please leave your comment at the end of file.
Other useful material for fda quality management system:
• qualitymanagement123.com/23-free-ebooks-for-quality-management
• qualitymanagement123.com/185-free-quality-management-forms
• qualitymanagement123.com/free-98-ISO-9001-templates-and-forms
• qualitymanagement123.com/top-84-quality-management-KPIs
• qualitymanagement123.com/top-18-quality-management-job-descriptions
• qualitymanagement123.com/86-quality-management-interview-questions-and-answers
I. Contents of fda quality management system
==================
MasterControl and FDA Quality Standards
FDA approval is considered to be the final word in manufacturing products designed for human
use which is why companies across the globe are incorporating quality systems that are
consistent with FDA regulations. The MasterControl quality management system suite of
applications provides companies with the essential features that help in achieving and sustaining
FDA compliance.
The main emphasis of FDA quality standards is to educate companies in inventing consistent
means or embracing proven methods for incorporating quality in products from the very start of
the product development lifecycle. An efficient quality system addresses the needs of various
stakeholders which is why MasterControl provides companies with a web-based repository that
is accessible to authorized users from virtually anywhere. The online platform serves as a
consolidated portal for collaboration on new ideas and standard practices. Users are able to
discuss and finalize plans for enforcing quality in products from the start of the development
phase.
FDA quality standards emphasize the implementation of a quality management system (QMS)
that is customizable to fit into any company's framework and methodology. MasterControl
allows companies to build a QMS that can be tailored to meet any business requirements, taking
into account several factors such as the scope of business operations, complexity of processes,
and allocation of resources. This allows companies to align their quality processes with their
business model and develop products that are FDA compliant. With quality procedures in sync
with the overall business operations, it is inevitable that quality management principles will
converge across different departments, sectors, branches, and regions.
Meeting FDA Quality Standards with MasterControl
The holistic approach to quality management provided by the MasterControl software solution
suite creates a seamlessly integrated quality system that allows companies to easily attain FDA
compliance. Moreover, adherence with FDA quality standards also assures that the company is
also able to comply with CGMP and ISO standards. Our software ensures that a well built
quality management system is implemented that can ultimately reduce the number of rework and
recalls for defective or out-of-specification products while also upholding the company's
reputation in the marketplace.
While heavily regulated companies rely on many employees to achieve FDA quality compliance,
it is upper management that is primarily responsible for quality and compliance breaches. To
avoid the dreaded FDA 483 statement, the MasterControl suite of applications ensures that the
quality system requirements are successfully established and maintained.
Effective internal quality standards in conjunction with a proven and reliable QMS solution help
companies avoid non-compliance to FDA quality standards that lead to irrevocable consequences
such as fines ranging in the millions of dollars or lost manufacturing licenses. To avoid such
issues, upper management needs to establish quality and compliance safeguards by following the
established quality management plan and regularly communicating with quality management
representatives. In addition, the quality team must properly review and document the quality
maintained during production. Any issues pointed out during reviews must be dealt with
immediately with solutions being reflected in an updated quality policy. MasterControl cements
and simplifies these policies and procedures through use of technology enablers that enforce
FDA quality efforts. By solidifying a company's standard quality practices with FDA quality
measures MasterControl helps companies maintain compliance in their business while getting
products to market quickly and inexpensively.
==================
III. Quality management tools
1. Check sheet
The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data
in real time at the location where the data is generated.
The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative.
When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is
sometimes called a tally sheet.
The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data
are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical
check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in
different regions have different significance. Data are
read by observing the location and number of marks on
the sheet.
Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the
Five Ws:
 Who filled out the check sheet
 What was collected (what each check represents,
an identifying batch or lot number)
 Where the collection took place (facility, room,
apparatus)
 When the collection took place (hour, shift, day
of the week)
 Why the data were collected
2. Control chart
Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts
(after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior
charts, in statistical process control are tools used
to determine if a manufacturing or business
process is in a state of statistical control.
If analysis of the control chart indicates that the
process is currently under control (i.e., is stable,
with variation only coming from sources common
to the process), then no corrections or changes to
process control parameters are needed or desired.
In addition, data from the process can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If
the chart indicates that the monitored process is
not in control, analysis of the chart can help
determine the sources of variation, as this will
result in degraded process performance.[1] A
process that is stable but operating outside of
desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates
may be in statistical control but above desired
limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate
effort to understand the causes of current
performance and fundamentally improve the
process.
The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of
quality control.[3] Typically control charts are
used for time-series data, though they can be used
for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you
want to compare samples that were taken all at
the same time, or the performance of different
individuals), however the type of chart used to do
this requires consideration.
3. Pareto chart
A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type
of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where
individual values are represented in descending order
by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the
line.
The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence,
but it can alternatively represent cost or another
important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is
the cumulative percentage of the total number of
occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of
measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order,
the cumulative function is a concave function. To take
the example above, in order to lower the amount of
late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first
three issues.
The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the
most important among a (typically large) set of
factors. In quality control, it often represents the most
common sources of defects, the highest occurring type
of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer
complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance
limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in
the Pareto chart.
4. Scatter plot Method
A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of
mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to
display values for two variables for a set of data.
The data is displayed as a collection of points, each
having the value of one variable determining the position
on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable
determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind
of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter
diagram,[3] or scatter graph.
A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under
the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that
is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the
other, it is called the control parameter or independent
variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal
axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily
plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable
exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis
and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of
correlation (not causation) between two variables.
A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations
between variables with a certain confidence interval. For
example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis
and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be
positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated).
If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right,
it suggests a positive correlation between the variables
being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left
to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of
best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in
order to study the correlation between the variables. An
equation for the correlation between the variables can be
determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear
correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear
regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution
in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is
guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary
relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we
wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each
other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an
1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two
data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in
the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are
numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line
exactly.
5.Ishikawa diagram
Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams,
herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or
Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru
Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific
event.[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are
product design and quality defect prevention, to identify
potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or
reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes
are usually grouped into major categories to identify these
sources of variation. The categories typically include
 People: Anyone involved with the process
 Methods: How the process is performed and the
specific requirements for doing it, such as policies,
procedures, rules, regulations and laws
 Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc.
required to accomplish the job
 Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc.
used to produce the final product
 Measurements: Data generated from the process
that are used to evaluate its quality
 Environment: The conditions, such as location,
time, temperature, and culture in which the process
operates
6. Histogram method
A histogram is a graphical representation of the
distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability
distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative
variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To
construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of
values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a
series of small intervals -- and then count how many
values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with
height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin
size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may
also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then
shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several
categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The
bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping
intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be
adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a
histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to
indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3]
III. Other topics related to Fda quality management system (pdf download)
quality management systems
quality management courses
quality management tools
iso 9001 quality management system
quality management process
quality management system example
quality system management
quality management techniques
quality management standards
quality management policy
quality management strategy
quality management books

More Related Content

What's hot

Quality management documents
Quality management documentsQuality management documents
Quality management documentsselinasimpson371
 
What is quality management in healthcare
What is quality management in healthcareWhat is quality management in healthcare
What is quality management in healthcareselinasimpson1301
 
Open source quality management software
Open source quality management softwareOpen source quality management software
Open source quality management softwareselinasimpson1301
 
Importance of quality management
Importance of quality managementImportance of quality management
Importance of quality managementselinasimpson0301
 
Quality risk management process
Quality risk management processQuality risk management process
Quality risk management processselinasimpson2201
 
Free quality management system software
Free quality management system softwareFree quality management system software
Free quality management system softwareselinasimpson361
 
Quality management system iso 9001
Quality management system iso 9001Quality management system iso 9001
Quality management system iso 9001selinasimpson0401
 
Quality management systems iso 9001
Quality management systems iso 9001Quality management systems iso 9001
Quality management systems iso 9001selinasimpson1701
 
Quality management system documents
Quality management system documentsQuality management system documents
Quality management system documentsselinasimpson3001
 
Quality management system sample
Quality management system sampleQuality management system sample
Quality management system sampleselinasimpson321
 
Effective quality management system
Effective quality management systemEffective quality management system
Effective quality management systemselinasimpson2601
 
How quality management can be measured
How quality management can be measuredHow quality management can be measured
How quality management can be measuredselinasimpson1501
 
Quality management service
Quality management serviceQuality management service
Quality management serviceselinasimpson321
 
Qms quality management systems
Qms quality management systemsQms quality management systems
Qms quality management systemsselinasimpson371
 
Quality management statement
Quality management statementQuality management statement
Quality management statementselinasimpson1901
 
Introduction to control charts
Introduction to control chartsIntroduction to control charts
Introduction to control charts
kavya ravali
 
Setting up a quality management system
Setting up a quality management systemSetting up a quality management system
Setting up a quality management systemselinasimpson2901
 
Statistical Quality Control
Statistical Quality ControlStatistical Quality Control
Statistical Quality Control
Mahmudul Hasan
 
Statistical Process Control & Control Chart
Statistical Process Control  & Control ChartStatistical Process Control  & Control Chart
Statistical Process Control & Control ChartShekhar Verma
 

What's hot (20)

Quality management documents
Quality management documentsQuality management documents
Quality management documents
 
What is quality management in healthcare
What is quality management in healthcareWhat is quality management in healthcare
What is quality management in healthcare
 
Open source quality management software
Open source quality management softwareOpen source quality management software
Open source quality management software
 
Importance of quality management
Importance of quality managementImportance of quality management
Importance of quality management
 
Quality risk management process
Quality risk management processQuality risk management process
Quality risk management process
 
Free quality management system software
Free quality management system softwareFree quality management system software
Free quality management system software
 
Quality management system iso 9001
Quality management system iso 9001Quality management system iso 9001
Quality management system iso 9001
 
Quality management systems iso 9001
Quality management systems iso 9001Quality management systems iso 9001
Quality management systems iso 9001
 
Quality management system documents
Quality management system documentsQuality management system documents
Quality management system documents
 
Quality management system sample
Quality management system sampleQuality management system sample
Quality management system sample
 
Effective quality management system
Effective quality management systemEffective quality management system
Effective quality management system
 
How quality management can be measured
How quality management can be measuredHow quality management can be measured
How quality management can be measured
 
Quality management diploma
Quality management diplomaQuality management diploma
Quality management diploma
 
Quality management service
Quality management serviceQuality management service
Quality management service
 
Qms quality management systems
Qms quality management systemsQms quality management systems
Qms quality management systems
 
Quality management statement
Quality management statementQuality management statement
Quality management statement
 
Introduction to control charts
Introduction to control chartsIntroduction to control charts
Introduction to control charts
 
Setting up a quality management system
Setting up a quality management systemSetting up a quality management system
Setting up a quality management system
 
Statistical Quality Control
Statistical Quality ControlStatistical Quality Control
Statistical Quality Control
 
Statistical Process Control & Control Chart
Statistical Process Control  & Control ChartStatistical Process Control  & Control Chart
Statistical Process Control & Control Chart
 

Similar to Fda quality management system

Lean quality management system
Lean quality management systemLean quality management system
Lean quality management systemselinasimpson311
 
Iso quality management system definition
Iso quality management system definitionIso quality management system definition
Iso quality management system definitionselinasimpson321
 
Web based quality management system
Web based quality management systemWeb based quality management system
Web based quality management systemselinasimpson361
 
Pharmaceutical quality management system
Pharmaceutical quality management systemPharmaceutical quality management system
Pharmaceutical quality management systemselinasimpson1701
 
Pharmaceutical quality management
Pharmaceutical quality managementPharmaceutical quality management
Pharmaceutical quality managementselinasimpson2901
 
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industry
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industryQuality management system in pharmaceutical industry
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industryselinasimpson2401
 
Quality management system template
Quality management system templateQuality management system template
Quality management system templateselinasimpson0301
 
Retail service quality management
Retail service quality managementRetail service quality management
Retail service quality managementselinasimpson351
 
Quality management system example
Quality management system exampleQuality management system example
Quality management system exampleselinasimpson0201
 
Purpose of quality management system
Purpose of quality management systemPurpose of quality management system
Purpose of quality management systemselinasimpson1801
 
Project management quality management
Project management quality managementProject management quality management
Project management quality managementselinasimpson1901
 
It project quality management
It project quality managementIt project quality management
It project quality managementselinasimpson2701
 
Integrated quality management system
Integrated quality management systemIntegrated quality management system
Integrated quality management systemselinasimpson0501
 
Importance of quality management system
Importance of quality management systemImportance of quality management system
Importance of quality management systemselinasimpson0901
 
Benefits of a quality management system
Benefits of a quality management systemBenefits of a quality management system
Benefits of a quality management systemselinasimpson2301
 
Riba quality management toolkit
Riba quality management toolkitRiba quality management toolkit
Riba quality management toolkitselinasimpson2301
 

Similar to Fda quality management system (20)

Lean quality management system
Lean quality management systemLean quality management system
Lean quality management system
 
Iso quality management system definition
Iso quality management system definitionIso quality management system definition
Iso quality management system definition
 
Web based quality management system
Web based quality management systemWeb based quality management system
Web based quality management system
 
Pharmaceutical quality management system
Pharmaceutical quality management systemPharmaceutical quality management system
Pharmaceutical quality management system
 
Pharmaceutical quality management
Pharmaceutical quality managementPharmaceutical quality management
Pharmaceutical quality management
 
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industry
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industryQuality management system in pharmaceutical industry
Quality management system in pharmaceutical industry
 
Quality management models
Quality management modelsQuality management models
Quality management models
 
Quality management
Quality managementQuality management
Quality management
 
Quality management issues
Quality management issuesQuality management issues
Quality management issues
 
About quality management
About quality managementAbout quality management
About quality management
 
Quality management system template
Quality management system templateQuality management system template
Quality management system template
 
Retail service quality management
Retail service quality managementRetail service quality management
Retail service quality management
 
Quality management system example
Quality management system exampleQuality management system example
Quality management system example
 
Purpose of quality management system
Purpose of quality management systemPurpose of quality management system
Purpose of quality management system
 
Project management quality management
Project management quality managementProject management quality management
Project management quality management
 
It project quality management
It project quality managementIt project quality management
It project quality management
 
Integrated quality management system
Integrated quality management systemIntegrated quality management system
Integrated quality management system
 
Importance of quality management system
Importance of quality management systemImportance of quality management system
Importance of quality management system
 
Benefits of a quality management system
Benefits of a quality management systemBenefits of a quality management system
Benefits of a quality management system
 
Riba quality management toolkit
Riba quality management toolkitRiba quality management toolkit
Riba quality management toolkit
 

More from selinasimpson2801

Explain how quality management can be measured
Explain how quality management can be measuredExplain how quality management can be measured
Explain how quality management can be measuredselinasimpson2801
 
Supplier quality management process
Supplier quality management processSupplier quality management process
Supplier quality management processselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management system processes
Quality management system processesQuality management system processes
Quality management system processesselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management system implementation
Quality management system implementationQuality management system implementation
Quality management system implementationselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management system for construction
Quality management system for constructionQuality management system for construction
Quality management system for constructionselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management system flowchart
Quality management system flowchartQuality management system flowchart
Quality management system flowchartselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management review template
Quality management review templateQuality management review template
Quality management review templateselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management questionnaire
Quality management questionnaireQuality management questionnaire
Quality management questionnaireselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management introduction
Quality management introductionQuality management introduction
Quality management introductionselinasimpson2801
 
Quality management consultancy
Quality management consultancyQuality management consultancy
Quality management consultancyselinasimpson2801
 
Production quality management
Production quality managementProduction quality management
Production quality managementselinasimpson2801
 
Process based quality management system
Process based quality management systemProcess based quality management system
Process based quality management systemselinasimpson2801
 
Iso 9001 quality management standard
Iso 9001 quality management standardIso 9001 quality management standard
Iso 9001 quality management standardselinasimpson2801
 

More from selinasimpson2801 (14)

Explain how quality management can be measured
Explain how quality management can be measuredExplain how quality management can be measured
Explain how quality management can be measured
 
Supplier quality management process
Supplier quality management processSupplier quality management process
Supplier quality management process
 
Quality management system processes
Quality management system processesQuality management system processes
Quality management system processes
 
Quality management system implementation
Quality management system implementationQuality management system implementation
Quality management system implementation
 
Quality management system for construction
Quality management system for constructionQuality management system for construction
Quality management system for construction
 
Quality management system flowchart
Quality management system flowchartQuality management system flowchart
Quality management system flowchart
 
Quality management review template
Quality management review templateQuality management review template
Quality management review template
 
Quality management questionnaire
Quality management questionnaireQuality management questionnaire
Quality management questionnaire
 
Quality management introduction
Quality management introductionQuality management introduction
Quality management introduction
 
Quality management consultancy
Quality management consultancyQuality management consultancy
Quality management consultancy
 
Production quality management
Production quality managementProduction quality management
Production quality management
 
Process based quality management system
Process based quality management systemProcess based quality management system
Process based quality management system
 
Iso 9001 quality management standard
Iso 9001 quality management standardIso 9001 quality management standard
Iso 9001 quality management standard
 
Hotel quality management
Hotel quality managementHotel quality management
Hotel quality management
 

Fda quality management system

  • 1. Fda qualitymanagement system In this file, you can ref useful information about fda quality management system such as fda quality management systemforms, tools for fda quality management system, fda quality management systemstrategies … If you need more assistant for fda quality management system, please leave your comment at the end of file. Other useful material for fda quality management system: • qualitymanagement123.com/23-free-ebooks-for-quality-management • qualitymanagement123.com/185-free-quality-management-forms • qualitymanagement123.com/free-98-ISO-9001-templates-and-forms • qualitymanagement123.com/top-84-quality-management-KPIs • qualitymanagement123.com/top-18-quality-management-job-descriptions • qualitymanagement123.com/86-quality-management-interview-questions-and-answers I. Contents of fda quality management system ================== MasterControl and FDA Quality Standards FDA approval is considered to be the final word in manufacturing products designed for human use which is why companies across the globe are incorporating quality systems that are consistent with FDA regulations. The MasterControl quality management system suite of applications provides companies with the essential features that help in achieving and sustaining FDA compliance. The main emphasis of FDA quality standards is to educate companies in inventing consistent means or embracing proven methods for incorporating quality in products from the very start of the product development lifecycle. An efficient quality system addresses the needs of various stakeholders which is why MasterControl provides companies with a web-based repository that is accessible to authorized users from virtually anywhere. The online platform serves as a consolidated portal for collaboration on new ideas and standard practices. Users are able to discuss and finalize plans for enforcing quality in products from the start of the development phase. FDA quality standards emphasize the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) that is customizable to fit into any company's framework and methodology. MasterControl allows companies to build a QMS that can be tailored to meet any business requirements, taking into account several factors such as the scope of business operations, complexity of processes, and allocation of resources. This allows companies to align their quality processes with their business model and develop products that are FDA compliant. With quality procedures in sync
  • 2. with the overall business operations, it is inevitable that quality management principles will converge across different departments, sectors, branches, and regions. Meeting FDA Quality Standards with MasterControl The holistic approach to quality management provided by the MasterControl software solution suite creates a seamlessly integrated quality system that allows companies to easily attain FDA compliance. Moreover, adherence with FDA quality standards also assures that the company is also able to comply with CGMP and ISO standards. Our software ensures that a well built quality management system is implemented that can ultimately reduce the number of rework and recalls for defective or out-of-specification products while also upholding the company's reputation in the marketplace. While heavily regulated companies rely on many employees to achieve FDA quality compliance, it is upper management that is primarily responsible for quality and compliance breaches. To avoid the dreaded FDA 483 statement, the MasterControl suite of applications ensures that the quality system requirements are successfully established and maintained. Effective internal quality standards in conjunction with a proven and reliable QMS solution help companies avoid non-compliance to FDA quality standards that lead to irrevocable consequences such as fines ranging in the millions of dollars or lost manufacturing licenses. To avoid such issues, upper management needs to establish quality and compliance safeguards by following the established quality management plan and regularly communicating with quality management representatives. In addition, the quality team must properly review and document the quality maintained during production. Any issues pointed out during reviews must be dealt with immediately with solutions being reflected in an updated quality policy. MasterControl cements and simplifies these policies and procedures through use of technology enablers that enforce FDA quality efforts. By solidifying a company's standard quality practices with FDA quality measures MasterControl helps companies maintain compliance in their business while getting products to market quickly and inexpensively. ================== III. Quality management tools 1. Check sheet
  • 3. The check sheet is a form (document) used to collect data in real time at the location where the data is generated. The data it captures can be quantitative or qualitative. When the information is quantitative, the check sheet is sometimes called a tally sheet. The defining characteristic of a check sheet is that data are recorded by making marks ("checks") on it. A typical check sheet is divided into regions, and marks made in different regions have different significance. Data are read by observing the location and number of marks on the sheet. Check sheets typically employ a heading that answers the Five Ws:  Who filled out the check sheet  What was collected (what each check represents, an identifying batch or lot number)  Where the collection took place (facility, room, apparatus)  When the collection took place (hour, shift, day of the week)  Why the data were collected 2. Control chart Control charts, also known as Shewhart charts (after Walter A. Shewhart) or process-behavior charts, in statistical process control are tools used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is in a state of statistical control. If analysis of the control chart indicates that the process is currently under control (i.e., is stable, with variation only coming from sources common to the process), then no corrections or changes to process control parameters are needed or desired. In addition, data from the process can be used to predict the future performance of the process. If the chart indicates that the monitored process is not in control, analysis of the chart can help determine the sources of variation, as this will
  • 4. result in degraded process performance.[1] A process that is stable but operating outside of desired (specification) limits (e.g., scrap rates may be in statistical control but above desired limits) needs to be improved through a deliberate effort to understand the causes of current performance and fundamentally improve the process. The control chart is one of the seven basic tools of quality control.[3] Typically control charts are used for time-series data, though they can be used for data that have logical comparability (i.e. you want to compare samples that were taken all at the same time, or the performance of different individuals), however the type of chart used to do this requires consideration. 3. Pareto chart A Pareto chart, named after Vilfredo Pareto, is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. The left vertical axis is the frequency of occurrence, but it can alternatively represent cost or another important unit of measure. The right vertical axis is the cumulative percentage of the total number of occurrences, total cost, or total of the particular unit of measure. Because the reasons are in decreasing order, the cumulative function is a concave function. To take the example above, in order to lower the amount of late arrivals by 78%, it is sufficient to solve the first three issues. The purpose of the Pareto chart is to highlight the most important among a (typically large) set of factors. In quality control, it often represents the most common sources of defects, the highest occurring type of defect, or the most frequent reasons for customer complaints, and so on. Wilkinson (2006) devised an
  • 5. algorithm for producing statistically based acceptance limits (similar to confidence intervals) for each bar in the Pareto chart. 4. Scatter plot Method A scatter plot, scatterplot, or scattergraph is a type of mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data. The data is displayed as a collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis.[2] This kind of plot is also called a scatter chart, scattergram, scatter diagram,[3] or scatter graph. A scatter plot is used when a variable exists that is under the control of the experimenter. If a parameter exists that is systematically incremented and/or decremented by the other, it is called the control parameter or independent variable and is customarily plotted along the horizontal axis. The measured or dependent variable is customarily plotted along the vertical axis. If no dependent variable exists, either type of variable can be plotted on either axis and a scatter plot will illustrate only the degree of correlation (not causation) between two variables. A scatter plot can suggest various kinds of correlations between variables with a certain confidence interval. For example, weight and height, weight would be on x axis and height would be on the y axis. Correlations may be positive (rising), negative (falling), or null (uncorrelated). If the pattern of dots slopes from lower left to upper right, it suggests a positive correlation between the variables being studied. If the pattern of dots slopes from upper left to lower right, it suggests a negative correlation. A line of best fit (alternatively called 'trendline') can be drawn in order to study the correlation between the variables. An equation for the correlation between the variables can be determined by established best-fit procedures. For a linear correlation, the best-fit procedure is known as linear
  • 6. regression and is guaranteed to generate a correct solution in a finite time. No universal best-fit procedure is guaranteed to generate a correct solution for arbitrary relationships. A scatter plot is also very useful when we wish to see how two comparable data sets agree with each other. In this case, an identity line, i.e., a y=x line, or an 1:1 line, is often drawn as a reference. The more the two data sets agree, the more the scatters tend to concentrate in the vicinity of the identity line; if the two data sets are numerically identical, the scatters fall on the identity line exactly. 5.Ishikawa diagram Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams, herringbone diagrams, cause-and-effect diagrams, or Fishikawa) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event.[1][2] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of variation. The categories typically include  People: Anyone involved with the process  Methods: How the process is performed and the specific requirements for doing it, such as policies, procedures, rules, regulations and laws  Machines: Any equipment, computers, tools, etc. required to accomplish the job  Materials: Raw materials, parts, pens, paper, etc. used to produce the final product  Measurements: Data generated from the process that are used to evaluate its quality  Environment: The conditions, such as location, time, temperature, and culture in which the process operates 6. Histogram method
  • 7. A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.[1] To construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" the range of values -- that is, divide the entire range of values into a series of small intervals -- and then count how many values fall into each interval. A rectangle is drawn with height proportional to the count and width equal to the bin size, so that rectangles abut each other. A histogram may also be normalized displaying relative frequencies. It then shows the proportion of cases that fall into each of several categories, with the sum of the heights equaling 1. The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non-overlapping intervals of a variable. The bins (intervals) must be adjacent, and usually equal size.[2] The rectangles of a histogram are drawn so that they touch each other to indicate that the original variable is continuous.[3] III. Other topics related to Fda quality management system (pdf download) quality management systems quality management courses quality management tools iso 9001 quality management system quality management process quality management system example quality system management quality management techniques quality management standards quality management policy quality management strategy quality management books