2. It is defined as a group of individuals related biologically/adoption
or by the institution of marriage living together and eating from
the same kitchen.
Why
Biological unit
Social unit
Cultural unit
It is also an epidemiological unit.
A family's health may reflect the health of the community
What is a family?
3. To assess health status of the family/members
To identify vulnerable individuals
To identify the health problems, health needs and health
demands of the family
To make a comprehensive community diagnosis
And to suggest corrective measures which are socially and
culturally compatible and acceptable and economically feasible
for the family
Objectives
4. Family study Clinico-social case study
1 Family A patient
2 Problems of family are studied Complaints or problems of a case are elicited
3 Individual health is studied in total Total family environment family forms minor
component.
4 Impact of external environment on the
health of family forms important part of
study
Insignificant
5 Socio economic history or study is
important for family study and family
advice
Not much importance is given
6 Study of diet and nutrition and advice to
the family forms important part of study.
Not given much importance except in
nutritional deficiency
7 Preventive and promotive advice Curative component
8 Follow-up in the family Follow up in OPD
9 Health education is major tool. No due importance is given
10 Families are linked with national health No link is maintained
5. Married couple living with their children while the children are
still regarded as dependent on the couple.
Common dwelling place
Husband plays a dominant role.
Responsibilities for child rearing.
More intimate relationship between husband and wife
New' families are the nuclear families that are less than 10 years
old
What is a nuclear family/elementary family?
6. Advantages:
1. Relationship between husband and wife is intimate.
2. Independent decisions can be taken.
Disadvantages:
1. Child rearing will be difficult.
2. Sharing of responsibilities will not be there.
7. Number of married couples and their children live together live
in the same house. The men are all related by blood and the
women are their wives, unmarried girls and widows of their
family kinsmen.
The property is held in common.
The most senior male member is the head of family and takes all the decisions.
His wife is the head of the womenfolk in the family.
Familial relations enjoy primacy over marital relations. This is a lateral
extension of the nuclear family
What is a joint family/extended family?
8. Advantages:
1. Financial responsibilities are shared in financial crisis also.
2. Child rearing is easy.
3. Behavioural development in children is good.
Disadvantages:
1. Independent decision is not there.
2. Property is held in common-they can’t take independent
financial decision.
9. Representatives of three generation are living together.
Young married couples continue to stay with their parents and
have their own children as well.
Common in countries like India
Advantages of the joint family with regards to the responsibility in upbringing
of the children
In working women of urban areas.
Senior citizens of the family stay with the young couple.
This is a linear extension of the nuclear family.
What is a three generation family?
10. A household is where the individuals may not be related
biologically. E.g. Servants
A 'household' is usually a group of persons who normally live
together and take their meals from a common kitchen unless the
exigencies of work prevent any of them from doing so.
The important link in finding out whether it is a household is to
see if there is a common kitchen.
What is the difference between a family and a household?
11. Decision maker(most reliable): one who takes decisions in the family with
respect to HEALTH SEEKING, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, MARRIAGES.
Eldest person
Main earning member
HEAD OF THE FAMILY
12. Correlate Rural Urban differences in the epidemiology of given
disease.
Distance from health facilities(Accessibility of health service).
For re-contact or follow-up home visit.
IMPORTANCE OF ADDRESS
13. The family into which individuals are born is called the family of
orientation.
The family that the individual creates after he/she marries and
thus 'procreates into' is called the family of procreation.
What do you mean by family of orientation and family of
procreation?
14. BROKEN FAMILY: Family in which the father or mother is absent
due to death, divorce or imprisonment.
PROBLEM FAMILY: Standard of life is generally below the
accepted minimum and parents are unable to meet the physical
and emotional needs of their children.
SPECIAL TYPES OF FAMILY
15. A person aged 7 years and above who can both read and write
with understanding in any language has been taken as literate.
74.04% of Indian Population is literate.(Census 2011)
It is not necessary for a person to have received any formal
education or passed any minimum educational standard for being
treated as literate. People who are blind and can read in Braille
are treated as literates.
Who is a literate?
16. A person, who can neither read nor write or can only read but
cannot write in any language, is treated as illiterate.
All children of age 6 years or less, even if going to school and
have picked up reading and writing, are treated as illiterates.
Who is an illiterate?
17. Fulfils the following criteria:
All statutory places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment
board or notified town area committee, etc. OR
A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously:
A minimum population of 5,000;
At least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in
non-agricultural pursuits; and
A density of population of at least 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per
sq. mile)
What is an Urban Area?
18. Urban area further classified according to population:>
TOWN AREA COMMITTEES: Population between 5000 to
10000
MUNICIPAL BOARDS: Population from 10000 to 2 lacs
CORPORATIONS: above 2 lacs
31.8% on Indian Population lives in urban areas
19. According to the Census of India 2001, all those areas which do
not fulfil the criteria for urban area are grouped as rural areas.
In rural area of district there are three levels:
1. Panchayat: at he village level
2. Panchayat samiti : at the block level
3. Zila parishad: at the district level
68.84% of Indian Population lives in rural areas
What is a rural area
20. What is a slum?
All specified areas in a town or city notified as ‘Slum’ by state/ Local
Government and UT Administration
Under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’
Which may have not been formally notified as slum under any
Act;
A compact area of a population of at least 300; or about 60-70
households of poorly built congested tenements, in unhygienic
environment usually with inadequate infrastructure and lacking in
proper sanitary and drinking water facilities.
21. POVERTY: Inability to gratify the physiological needs that is need for survival, safety
and security.
BELOW POVERTY LINE(BPL) FAMILY
If person is earning money that is not enough to manage 2400 Kcal per day per
person in rural area and 2100 Kcal in urban area then he/she is considered as
below poverty line.
Currently 22% of population is BPL.
TENDULKAR COMMISSION POVERTY DEFINITION:
1. Rs 27 per capita per day RURAL
2. Rs 33 per capita per day: URBAN
WORLD BANK DEFINITION: Person earns < 1.90$ per day
DEFINITION OF BELOW POVERTY LINE
22. EXTREME POVERTY LEVEL: ANTODAYA (RAJASTHAN was state to
start): USUALLY OF GREEN COLOR.
BELOW POVERTY LINE (USUALLY BLUE COLOR)
ABOVE POVERTY LINE (USUALLY ORANGE COLOR)
ANTODAYA FAMILY: Families earn less than Rs.250 per capita per
month are known as poorest of the poor or antodaya family.
TYPES OF RATION CARD
23. What do you mean by vital events?
Vital events are defied as those important events in human life
such as birth, death, sickness, marriage, divorce, adoption,
legitimization, recognition, separation etc. which have a
bearing upon an individual’s entrance into or from life together
with changes in civil status which may occur to him during his
life time.
