HOW TO OVERCOME POVERTY.docx

5/22/2022 HOW TO
OVERCOME
POVERTY
KASHMALA M USHTAQ AHMED
[COMPANY NAME]

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HOW TO OVERCOME POVERTY
HOW TO OVERCOMEPOVERTY
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................ iii
TYPES OF POVERTY................................................................................................................................................iv
SITUATIONAL POVERTY.......................................................................................................................................iv
GENERATIONAL POVERTY...................................................................................................................................vi
ABSOLUTE POVERTY..........................................................................................................................................vii
Homelessness...................................................................................................................................................vii
RELATIVE POVERTY.............................................................................................................................................ix
URBAN POVERTY.................................................................................................................................................x
RURAL POVERTY..................................................................................................................................................x
Here are 10 steps Congress can take to cut poverty, boosteconomic security, andexpand the middle class..................xii
POVERTY EDUCATION SYSTEM...............................................................................................................................xii
The Effects of Poverty on Education.............................................................................................................xiii
The Importance of Education in Developing Countries ................................................................................xiii

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INTRODUCTION
Poverty is about not having enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and
shelter. However, poverty is more, much more than just not having enough money.
The World Bank Organization describes poverty in this way:
“Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a
doctor. Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read. Poverty is not
having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.
Poverty has many faces, changing from place to place and across time, and has been
described in many ways. Most often, poverty is a situation people want to escape. So poverty is
a call to action -- for the poor and the wealthy alike -- a call to change the world so that many
more may have enough to eat, adequate shelter, access to education and health, protection
from violence, and a voice in what happens in their communities.”
In addition to a lack of money, poverty is about not being able to participate in recreational activities;
not being able to send children on a day trip with their schoolmates or to a birthday party; not being
able to pay for medications for an illness. These are all costs of being poor. Those people who are
barely able to pay for food and shelter simply can’t consider these other expenses. When people are

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excluded within a society, when they are not well educated and when they have a higher incidence of
illness, there are negative consequences for society. We all pay the price for poverty. The increased
cost on the health system, the justice system and other systems that provide supports to those living
in poverty has an impact on our economy.
While much progress has been made in measuring and analyzing poverty, the World Bank
Organization is doing more work to identify indicators for the other dimensions of poverty. This work
includes identifying social indicators to track education, health, access to services, vulnerability, and
social exclusion.
There is no one cause of poverty, and the results of it are different in every case. Poverty varies
considerably depending on the situation. Feeling poor in Canada is different from living in poverty in
Russia or Zimbabwe. The differences between rich and poor within the borders of a country can also
be great.
Despite the many definitions, one thing is certain; poverty is a complex societal issue. No matter how
poverty is defined, it can be agreed that it is an issue that requires everyone’s attention. It is
important that all members of our society work together to provide the opportunities for all our
members to reach their full potential. It helps all of us to help one another.
TYPESOF POVERTY
There are multiple types of poverty.
 Situational poverty.
 Generational poverty.
 Absolute poverty.
 Relative poverty.
 Urban poverty.
 Rural poverty.
SITUATIONAL POVERTY
Situational poverty is a period of being poor caused by situational factors, in contrast with generational
poverty, which is a form of entrenched poverty that can encompass multiple generations of a family. There are
a number of reasons for this condition to emerge, but some of the most common are divorce, death of a
spouse, unexpected health expenses, and the loss of a job. These uncontrollable events can cause a spiral of
events which leads to a loss of income and material possessions.

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Understanding the difference between generational and situational poverty is crucial for people who work
with the poor and for poverty advocates. People in different types of poverty tend to approach their
circumstances differently, and they may have very different values or priorities. By not trying to understand
the circumstances of the poor in a region, activists can sometimes do more harm than good, even when they
think that they are trying to help.

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Someone experiencing situational poverty is often of a higher level of education than people who experience
entrenched poverty. He or she is also typically familiar with the complex hidden rules and social codes of the
middle classes, and this knowledge can be helpful when that person attempts to cope with the situation.
People in this situation are also more likely to have assistance to fall back on, in the form of family members
and supportive people in the community, and this can make a huge difference.
GENERATIONAL POVERTY
Generational poverty is a term applied to families who have experienced poverty for at least two generations.
It can affect every aspect of a person’s life: physical, social, emotional and mental.
Here’s what we know about children born into poverty:
They think it’s their fault: They feel great shame. They believe that people judge them.
Lack of education is the main cause: They are three times more likely to drop out of high school. Teen
pregnancy is also more likely.

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They give up hope: They see how much their parents struggle and figure they always will, too They can’t
imagine their lives ever being different.
But there’s good news! The cycle can be broken and you can help! When you provide food, shelter, job
training programs, life-skills education and counseling, families have a chance to escape the cycle of
generational poverty and build a new life.
ABSOLUTE POVERTY
Absolute poverty is where an individual is unable to meet their immediate needs. In other
words, they are unable to obtain basic necessities such as shelter, water, food and warmth.
This is different from a similar term, relative poverty, which is where individuals are poor by
comparison to other members of society.
The World Bank uses absolute poverty as its default definition of ‘poverty’. It defines it as
anyone living on less than $1.90 a day. This is to distinguish a uniform measure of poverty
throughout the world and identify serious cases of poverty. For example, someone in the US
would have to earn less than $13,000 per year to fall into relative poverty. However, that
works out at $35 per day, well in excess of the $1.90 threshold that the World Bank sets to
define absolute poverty.
 Absolute poverty is defined by the World Bank as having an income below $1.90 per
day.
 Absolute poverty differs from relative poverty in the fact that those in absolute poverty
are unable to meet their daily needs of food and water. Those in relative poverty are
poor in comparison to the rest of the country.
The terminology of absolute poverty only covers basic needs. We may often hear that poverty
is at an all-time high or poverty is increasing. However, this often refers to relative poverty
which is based on average income levels of a nation. By contrast, absolute poverty refers to
the absence of any human needs such as food or water – think of Sub-Saharan Africa for
example.
Absolute Poverty Examples:
Homelessness
For one reason or another, both those in developed and the developing world end up
homeless. Generally, the most cited reasons are mental health issues, drug abuse, or a
combination. Either way, those who are homeless are inevitably more likely to suffer from
absolute poverty.

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Homeless people are extremely vulnerable, particularly due to the prevalence of mental
health difficulties. For example, statistics in the UK show that mental health illness among the
homeless is as high as 80 percent.
When individuals have difficulties in the daily activities of life, they may be unable to get out of
bed or even feed themselves. What we see as a result is the inability to work, and
consequently, a decline into absolute poverty.

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RELATIVE POVERTY
relative poverty example is to think of a person who is able to
provide for their basic needs, such as food and shelter, but unable to obtain other standard things the people
aroundthemhave that make life easierandmore enjoyable.These thingsmayinclude:
 Personal transportation, such as a car or bicycle
 Entertainment, such as movie or concert tickets
 Eating out at restaurants
 Internet access
 Safe housing
 Higher education
.
Relative povertylooks different
depending on where you are in the world.
For example, for indigenous people living a
nomadic lifestyle, relative poverty could
mean a family has significantly less cattle or
other animals than others in their
community, while for people living in a city
in a developed country, relative poverty
could mean a family must rely on public
transportation instead of being able to own
a car. Other examples include a single
mother of two with an income of $19,000
per year, a person on a fixed income such
as social security, and unemployed people
drawing unemployment benefits while
looking for new employment. A common
relative poverty example is to think of a
person who is able to provide for their
basic needs, such as food and shelter, but
unable to obtain other standard things the
person who has just enough money to pay their
bills and a bus pass, but no extra money for
anything else, i.e. movie tickets or community
events. A family whose yearly income of $22,000 is
half of that of the other people who live in their
community.

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URBAN POVERTY
refers to the set of economic and social difficulties that are
found in industrialized cities and that are the result of a
combination of processes such as: the establishment of
comfortable living standards, the increase of individualism,
processes of social fragmentation, and the dualization of the
labor.
RURAL POVERTY
Rural poverty is found to be strongly correlated with lack of asset in rural areas. The unequal land
ownership in the country is found to be one of the major causes of poverty as poverty level was the highest
among the landless households followed by non- agriculture households.

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Steps to Reduce Poverty in Pakistan
Use of modern techniques of production and subsidies in utility charges is necessary. 5- Development of
agriculture and industrial sector will reduce the poverty in Pakistan. 6- Government should make easy, more
and in time availability of various types of credits. 7- We should save more to reduce the poverty.
How can poverty be solved in Pakistan?
5 Tools to end poverty
1. Quality education. Access to quality education which provides children with the knowledge and life
skills they need to realize their full potential. ...
2. Access to Healthcare. Access to health is essential. ...
3. Water & sanitation. ...
4. Economic security. ...
5. Child participation.
9 Ways to Reduce Poverty
1. Increase employment. ...
2. Raise America's pay. ...
3. Sustain not cut the social safety net. ...
4. Paid family and sick leave. ...
5. End mass incarceration. ...
6. Invest in high quality childcare and early ed. ...
7. Tackle segregation and concentrated poverty. ...
8. Immigration reform.
How can povertybe solved in
Pakistan?
The Benazir Income Support Programme
(BISP): BISP is a federal scheme that launched
back in 2008. Its purpose was to provide
unconditional cash support to help alleviate
struggling families living in poverty in Pakistan. It
remains the largest support program in Pakistan

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Here are 10 steps Congress can take to cut poverty, boost economic
security, and expand the middle class.
1. Create jobs. ...
2. Raise the minimum wage. ...
3. Increase the Earned Income Tax Credit for childless workers. ...
4. Support pay equity. ...
5. Provide paid leave and paid sick days. ...
6. Establish work schedules that work.
POVERTY EDUCATION SYSTEM
The effects of poverty on children are wide-reaching and can lead to lifelong struggles, especially when
young people don’t receive full educations.
Poverty and education are inextricably linked, because people living in poverty may stop going to school
so they can work, which leaves them without literacy and numeracy skills they need to further their
careers. Their children, in turn, are in a similar situation years later, with little income and few options but
to leave school and work.
ChildFund aims to help families escape the cycle of poverty through various educational and livelihood
programs. Many times, we learn by listening to communities about their specific needs and working to
fulfill them.
For example, ChildFund India started a literacy campaign in regions where few households had any books,
and because most homes didn’t have electrical power, ChildFund India distributed nearly 40,000
solar-powered lamps so children could read at night time.

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The Effects of Poverty on Education
In many countries where ChildFund works, school is free, but there are additional costs for uniforms,
books and transportation, especially in rural areas, where a student may travel more than an hour each
way by public bus to school. The expenses may be too much for a family to pay, on top of the money the
family loses by not sending a child to work or even marrying off a daughter.
Some countries’ governments also spend a lower share of their gross domestic product (GDP) on
education, which makes public education less available (particularly to the poor) and of lower quality.
Overcrowded classrooms, broken desks, no computers — all are common sights in school districts with
budgets that don’t meet students’ needs. Teachers burn out or may be unqualified to teach certain
subjects. All of these challenges create a serious disadvantage for children growing up in poor
households.
The Importance of Education in Developing Countries
The importance of education in developing countries cannot be overstated. Education can be the catalyst
needed to pull families and communities out of the cycle of poverty. Knowledge gives children the power
to dream of a better future and the confidence needed to pursue a full education, which in turn will help
generations to come.
Education also makes a significant difference for adults, particularly when it applies to day-to-day life,
including nutrition, healthcare and gender equity. When adults learn, they become role models to their
children, who also wish to learn.
In Guinea, students participated in discussion sessions about violence in school, child marriage and female genital
mutilation.
Education Improves Food Security and Reduces Malnutrition
When people learn about agriculture and farming techniques, they gain the ability to grow and maintain
healthy crops, which provide vegetables for meals and additional income. Families also learn what
nutrients their children need for healthy development, as well as foods pregnant women need to eat to
promote their babies’ growth.

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Girija fills her cup with filtered water at her school in Udaipur
Education Improves Standards of Health
Literacy is key to good health because women need to be able to read about prenatal vitamins and other
health information during their pregnancies. This, in turn, reduces the rates of prenatal and maternal
mortality, and improves children’s health, too. The ability to read also is important in educating
communities about clean water and sanitation, particularly if families need to use filters or boil water
before drinking it to avoid waterborne illnesses. Other examples abound, including emergency notices
about the Zika virus, Ebola or HIV. Reading keeps people healthier in many ways.
Both Kunal and his little sister wash their hands whenever they come inside the house after playing as well as before
meals
Education Reduces the Spread of Communicable Diseases
The spread of disease in developing countries is often exacerbated by a lack of public knowledge about
how it is transmitted. In 2014 and 2015, youth groups in West Africa helped spread the word about
prevention of the Ebola virus, particularly the need to avoid traditional burial practices that spread the
deadly disease. Especially when local, trusted voices convey this lifesaving information, communities are
receptive to learning. Even in non-emergency situations, education about the spread of disease is
important.
In 2011, ChildFund launched a USAID-funded program to help Kenyan families build a future beyond
HIV through education, which has led to healthier children and families.

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Education Improves Gender Equity
Educating women and girls about reproductive healthcare and their rights regarding marriage empowers
them to make decisions about their lives. Early marriage and pregnancy cut educations short and often
lead to underweight, undernourished children, as well as domestic violence. When girls stay in school
longer, they are less likely to marry before age 18 and have children early, and they’re more likely to find
rewarding work after leaving school. Approximately 39,000 under-aged girls marry each year, some as
young as 8 or 9. Community-wide education helps everyone understand the harm of this practice.

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Breaking the Cycle of Poverty Through Education
Education in all different forms is key to breaking the cycle of poverty. It has an uplifting effect on other
aspects of society that may seem totally unrelated, such as girls’ education lowering the number of
prenatal deaths. The relationship between poverty and education is complex, but we know that education
helps people make healthier and smarter decisions about their children, their livelihoods and the way they
live.
Education also has a significant role in the fight for children’s rights, both in teaching children what they
can and should expect from adults, and in showing adults the benefits of respecting their children’s rights.
In Timor-Leste, children have stepped forward to advocate for their rights in school through the Children
Against Violence project. Touring around the country, they raise awareness of corporal punishment
through theatrical drama. In this and many other cases, education is a powerful tool that can make the
world a better place.
“Education creates a multigenerational
cycle of prosperity powerful enough to
push aside cycles of poverty.” Second, an
advanced education will become more
essential as society grows more complex.
Conchas said that in the future more than half
of all new jobs will require at least some
college.
Gates Foundation official tells TC audience that
philanthropy plans to bolster the number of low-
income students earning postsecondary credentials
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is known for its
impact, but here’s a goal that’s ambitious even by its
standards: doubling by 2025 the percentage of low-
income young people, especially minority youth, who
earn a postsecondary degree or credential.

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