Thomas Huddleston, MPG Policy Analyst presenting the Migration Policy Group Briefings on Family Reunion to assist organisations in their responses to the European Union consultation on Family Reunion at the 7 December 2011 Webinar 'How to Respond to the EU Family Reunion Consultation'
This presentation was made by Eileen Regan and Matthew Wilson , at the 3rd Experts Meeting on Gender Budgeting held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 19-20 September 2019
In recent years, population ageing has attracted the attention of research and policy advisors in all European countries. Several policy actions have been directed toward ensuring optimal long-term care (LTC) for elderly people while maintaining fiscal rationality. LTC systems are very different across all European countries. Their design is characterized by diverse arrangements for the provision of care/organization and financing. Despite general concerns, the Polish LTC system is still at the bottom of the pile in terms of the organization and provision of care.
Authored by: Izabela Styczynska
Deputy Governor Marja Nykänen: New instruments to rein in household debtSuomen Pankki
Deputy Governor Marja Nykänen
Bank of Finland
New instruments to rein in household debt
Bank of Finland Bulletin press conference 4 May 2021
bofbulletin.fi
#bofbulletin
This presentation was made by Eileen Regan and Matthew Wilson , at the 3rd Experts Meeting on Gender Budgeting held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 19-20 September 2019
In recent years, population ageing has attracted the attention of research and policy advisors in all European countries. Several policy actions have been directed toward ensuring optimal long-term care (LTC) for elderly people while maintaining fiscal rationality. LTC systems are very different across all European countries. Their design is characterized by diverse arrangements for the provision of care/organization and financing. Despite general concerns, the Polish LTC system is still at the bottom of the pile in terms of the organization and provision of care.
Authored by: Izabela Styczynska
Deputy Governor Marja Nykänen: New instruments to rein in household debtSuomen Pankki
Deputy Governor Marja Nykänen
Bank of Finland
New instruments to rein in household debt
Bank of Finland Bulletin press conference 4 May 2021
bofbulletin.fi
#bofbulletin
Demographic change means that more people will live past the point where they require care. As the increase in life expectancy looks set to continue, we need to develop enterprising and innovative ways to help people save and plan for this eventuality and bring new money into the care system. If people are to save for their future, especially people who are on lower incomes or are less wealthy, it is essential that they have opportunities to do so in a way that is simple, attractive, engaging, and safe, and which provides them with more choice about the care and support they would like. Equally, they must not be penalised for having done so through means tested support. This is what Personal Care Savings Bonds are intended to be all about.
A basic income experiment was conducted in Finland in 2017–2018 to find ways to reshape the social security system. Evaluation study of the basic income experiment is underway.
Basic Income Ireland introductory presentationJohn Baker
Basic Income is an idea whose time has come. This presentation offers a general introduction to basic income with specific reference to Ireland. More information is available on our website basicincomeireland.com. Please contact us through our site if you would like us to come and talk about basic income.
This was the final event in the Population Patterns Seminar Series which explored the “silver separators”- divorce later in life.
Figures from the Office for National Statistics published in 2012 showed a huge rise in the divorce rate amongst those in their 60s, with an increase of 58% on the 2011 figure. The last 10 years have seen more and more older people part ways, despite divorce amongst the general population becoming less common. This has happened to such an extent that the over 60’s are now the fastest growing divorce group in the UK.
A variety of reasons have been suggested, including a reduction in the stigma surrounding divorce and couples no longer feeling obliged to stay together if their attitudes and needs change.
However, figures released by the ONS in June 2012 revealed that marriages involving older people were also rising faster than for other age groups – up by 21% for women and by 25% for men in their late sixties. Re-partnership is likely to be even higher than these figures suggest, as older people in a new relationship may not choose to remarry.
During the event the discussion explored a number of themes, including:
What factors have contributed to the rising rate of divorce amongst the over 60s?
How can older people’s relationships be better supported?
What challenges does ageing present to relationships?
How do care responsibilities effect relationships?
What are the potential ramifications of older couples separating?
Should we forget about ‘the older consumer’? An expert roundtable on market s...ILC- UK
In an ageing society, understanding and engaging with ‘the older consumer’ is of pressing interest for businesses who want to realise the potential of the market. But it is not an easy market to understand or describe.
A key issue to be addressed by marketers is to avoid a homogenisation of older people. The diversity of consumer spending of this group is often lost in ageist perceptions of ‘what older people want’. Despite this however, it remains to be seen if the commonalities of ageing – such as wealth depletion and physiological changes – nudge older people to gravitate to a norm.
In Dec 2010, ILC-UK and the Personal Finance Resource Centre (PFRC) at the University of Bristol published a report which explored what and how older people spent their income (Consumption Patterns Among Older Consumers). The evidence from this report fed into the ILC-UK report for Age UK on older consumers (The Golden Economy).
ILC-UK and PFRC have teamed up again to further explore issues around consumption and old age, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council Secondary Data Analysis Initiative. At this seminar we presented new evidence which explores patterns of expenditure among older people and considers what explains these.
During the seminar we:
Considered how our spending varies as we age, including setting out average and overall spending by age group;
Segmented older households based on their patterns of expenditure;
Considered the validity of a single ‘older consumer’ model.
The asquith group case study some statisticsasalarsson
21% of young people in Australia do not complete secondary school. (Deloitte Access Economics, 2012) In Victoria an estimated 10,000 school-age people disengage early from education every year.
Young people who do not finish school are far more likely to be unemployed into their 20s and beyond than their contemporaries.
In 2011, about 35 per cent of 20-24 year old Victorians whose highest level of school attainment was Year 11 or below were either unemployed or had withdrawn entirely from the workforce or study.
Paying for long term care insurance: The pros and cons of different payment m...ILC- UK
As the population of the UK continues to age, the demand for social care increases, as do the associated costs. How to pay for long term care is therefore a hot topic in the insurance world and amongst policy makers.
This event will saw the launch of a new paper from the ILC-UK and Cass Business School which investigates different ways in which individuals can purchase and pay for insurance products specifically to help them to pay for their care costs in later life.
Chaired by Baroness Sally Greengross OBE, Chief Executive of the ILC-UK, the launch included a keynote presentation report co-author Professor Les Mayhew. Responses were given by Jules Constantinou, Regional Manager, Gen Re Life/Health; Brian Fisher, Aviva/Friends Life, and Steve Lowe, Just.
Government at a Glance 2021, OECD Presentation OECD Governance
Presentation of the key findings from the OECD Government at a Glance 2021. For further information see: https://www.oecd.org/gov/government-at-a-glance-22214399.htm
Fife Centre for Equalities position on Social Mobility and the Time for Change consultation. This is in parallel with on-going work on the inclusion of the socio-economic duty in the Equality Act 2010.
Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust ...OECD Governance
Highlights brochure from the OECD publication "Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust", which examines the influence of trust in policy making and explores the steps governments can take to strengthen public trust. oe.cd/trust-and-public-policy
Jurgen de Wispelaere (Tampereen yliopisto): Game On! Is Basic Income Experiencing a Global Window of Opportunity? Esitys seminaarissa "Perustulo globaalissa maailmassa" 13.4.2016 Helsinki, Kelan päätalo. / Presentation in the seminar "Basic income in a global world" held in Helsinki 13 April 2016. More info: http://www.kela.fi/perustulo-globaalissa-maailmassa
Demographic change means that more people will live past the point where they require care. As the increase in life expectancy looks set to continue, we need to develop enterprising and innovative ways to help people save and plan for this eventuality and bring new money into the care system. If people are to save for their future, especially people who are on lower incomes or are less wealthy, it is essential that they have opportunities to do so in a way that is simple, attractive, engaging, and safe, and which provides them with more choice about the care and support they would like. Equally, they must not be penalised for having done so through means tested support. This is what Personal Care Savings Bonds are intended to be all about.
A basic income experiment was conducted in Finland in 2017–2018 to find ways to reshape the social security system. Evaluation study of the basic income experiment is underway.
Basic Income Ireland introductory presentationJohn Baker
Basic Income is an idea whose time has come. This presentation offers a general introduction to basic income with specific reference to Ireland. More information is available on our website basicincomeireland.com. Please contact us through our site if you would like us to come and talk about basic income.
This was the final event in the Population Patterns Seminar Series which explored the “silver separators”- divorce later in life.
Figures from the Office for National Statistics published in 2012 showed a huge rise in the divorce rate amongst those in their 60s, with an increase of 58% on the 2011 figure. The last 10 years have seen more and more older people part ways, despite divorce amongst the general population becoming less common. This has happened to such an extent that the over 60’s are now the fastest growing divorce group in the UK.
A variety of reasons have been suggested, including a reduction in the stigma surrounding divorce and couples no longer feeling obliged to stay together if their attitudes and needs change.
However, figures released by the ONS in June 2012 revealed that marriages involving older people were also rising faster than for other age groups – up by 21% for women and by 25% for men in their late sixties. Re-partnership is likely to be even higher than these figures suggest, as older people in a new relationship may not choose to remarry.
During the event the discussion explored a number of themes, including:
What factors have contributed to the rising rate of divorce amongst the over 60s?
How can older people’s relationships be better supported?
What challenges does ageing present to relationships?
How do care responsibilities effect relationships?
What are the potential ramifications of older couples separating?
Should we forget about ‘the older consumer’? An expert roundtable on market s...ILC- UK
In an ageing society, understanding and engaging with ‘the older consumer’ is of pressing interest for businesses who want to realise the potential of the market. But it is not an easy market to understand or describe.
A key issue to be addressed by marketers is to avoid a homogenisation of older people. The diversity of consumer spending of this group is often lost in ageist perceptions of ‘what older people want’. Despite this however, it remains to be seen if the commonalities of ageing – such as wealth depletion and physiological changes – nudge older people to gravitate to a norm.
In Dec 2010, ILC-UK and the Personal Finance Resource Centre (PFRC) at the University of Bristol published a report which explored what and how older people spent their income (Consumption Patterns Among Older Consumers). The evidence from this report fed into the ILC-UK report for Age UK on older consumers (The Golden Economy).
ILC-UK and PFRC have teamed up again to further explore issues around consumption and old age, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council Secondary Data Analysis Initiative. At this seminar we presented new evidence which explores patterns of expenditure among older people and considers what explains these.
During the seminar we:
Considered how our spending varies as we age, including setting out average and overall spending by age group;
Segmented older households based on their patterns of expenditure;
Considered the validity of a single ‘older consumer’ model.
The asquith group case study some statisticsasalarsson
21% of young people in Australia do not complete secondary school. (Deloitte Access Economics, 2012) In Victoria an estimated 10,000 school-age people disengage early from education every year.
Young people who do not finish school are far more likely to be unemployed into their 20s and beyond than their contemporaries.
In 2011, about 35 per cent of 20-24 year old Victorians whose highest level of school attainment was Year 11 or below were either unemployed or had withdrawn entirely from the workforce or study.
Paying for long term care insurance: The pros and cons of different payment m...ILC- UK
As the population of the UK continues to age, the demand for social care increases, as do the associated costs. How to pay for long term care is therefore a hot topic in the insurance world and amongst policy makers.
This event will saw the launch of a new paper from the ILC-UK and Cass Business School which investigates different ways in which individuals can purchase and pay for insurance products specifically to help them to pay for their care costs in later life.
Chaired by Baroness Sally Greengross OBE, Chief Executive of the ILC-UK, the launch included a keynote presentation report co-author Professor Les Mayhew. Responses were given by Jules Constantinou, Regional Manager, Gen Re Life/Health; Brian Fisher, Aviva/Friends Life, and Steve Lowe, Just.
Government at a Glance 2021, OECD Presentation OECD Governance
Presentation of the key findings from the OECD Government at a Glance 2021. For further information see: https://www.oecd.org/gov/government-at-a-glance-22214399.htm
Fife Centre for Equalities position on Social Mobility and the Time for Change consultation. This is in parallel with on-going work on the inclusion of the socio-economic duty in the Equality Act 2010.
Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust ...OECD Governance
Highlights brochure from the OECD publication "Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust", which examines the influence of trust in policy making and explores the steps governments can take to strengthen public trust. oe.cd/trust-and-public-policy
Jurgen de Wispelaere (Tampereen yliopisto): Game On! Is Basic Income Experiencing a Global Window of Opportunity? Esitys seminaarissa "Perustulo globaalissa maailmassa" 13.4.2016 Helsinki, Kelan päätalo. / Presentation in the seminar "Basic income in a global world" held in Helsinki 13 April 2016. More info: http://www.kela.fi/perustulo-globaalissa-maailmassa
Grandparenting in Europe 2013- who are the grandparents provoding childcare?Grandparents Plus
Grandparenting in Europe produced for Grandparents Plus by the Institute for Gerontology at King’s College London, shows that over 40% of grandparents in 12 European countries studied provide child care. This major new research shows a direct relationship between grandparents caring and the availability of affordable formal childcare and support for parents. It points to an emerging childcare crisis as the very grandmothers who are providing care are being expected by governments to stay in work longer.
California’s Approach for Implementing the Federal Fostering Connections to Success Ac by Lindsay Elliott from
5.8 Ending Homelessness for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care at the 2014 National Conference on Ending Family and Youth Homelessness.
Low Income Londoners and Welfare Reform: a data-led investigation into the ca...Policy in Practice
Policy in Practice has embarked on an ambitious project to track changing living standards for almost one million Londoners over the course of two years, on a monthly basis.
This work combines data from 14 London boroughs to track changes across 444,000 low income households made up of 550,000 adults and 350,000 children, representing 27% of the overall population living in the participating boroughs.
Deven Ghelani shared findings from Phase One of the project at IntoWork 2017.
Collaborating on data sharing allows us to:
• Combine data across London in order to benchmark changes, offering a large enough sample to understand niche areas such as self-employment or temporary housing.
• Track households to understand the causal drivers of poverty and prosperity on a systematic basis.
Policy in Practice works with local authorities to show the cumulative impact of tax and benefit changes on individual households, both now and in the future. This project builds on this with a longitudinal data model, simulation engine and visualisation platform to make this information accessible to policymakers and offer a deeper understanding of poverty.
We look forward to welcoming even more local authorities to the project as we progress to Phase two.
To find out more, and to request the full report, please email hello@policyinpractice.co.uk. We look forward to hearing from you.
In most Anglo-American countries, states, or provinces, some form of specific provision allowing young people to remain in care up to age of 21 (referred to here as ‘Extended Care’) has recently been, or is in the process of being, introduced. While defined and framed differently across jurisdictions, these initiatives allow some young people to transition from care at a time and in a way that better suits them, and is closer to the experience of other young people and young adults leaving home. This paper reports on a small study on identifying the international evidence base on extending care from 18 to 21. In doing so, and in order to help guide future developments in New Zealand, the study’s objectives were to identify: whether extending care ‘works’, for whom, and why; and any evidence in relation to design considerations on how to best implement such provision.
Over the last decade, the gap between the old and the young in Europe has been growing due to worsening social and economic conditions. The presentation lays down a set of proposal both at the EU and at the national level to reverse the trend.
How’s Life? 2015 describes the essential ingredients that shape people’s well-being in OECD and other major economies. It includes a wide variety of statistics, capturing both material well-being and quality of life. This third edition includes a special focus on child well-being, on volunteering and on inequalities in well-being across different regions within countries.
Kela Lecture comment on Gösta Esping Andersen "Asymmetric Opportunity Structures and Family Policy". Comment by Ulla Hämäläinen, Senior researcher, Kela 6.6.2014.
ENG 215 – Appendix A Peer Review Feedback Form 2 Appendix A P.docxSALU18
ENG 215 – Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Reviewer’s Name: Tiara Evans
Date: August 28th 2017
Writer’s Assigned #: Week 8 Peer Review
Course:Writing and Research
Section:__
Assignment 4: Persuasive Paper Part 2:
Solution
and Advantages
Peer reviews should provide feedback to a peer on the criteria expected in the paper. Follow these instructions:
Receive a classmate’s paper from your professor (in class if on-ground; by e-mail if online).
Copy the Peer Review Feedback Form from the Appendix.
Comment on all criteria, noting strengths and / or areas for improvement on the feedback form.
Provide completed Peer Review Feedback Form and classmate’s paper to your professor.
Note: On-ground students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor during the class meeting in which the paper is reviewed; online students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor via the Assignment Tab in the course shell.
Criteria
+ Strengths
Comments < Areas for Improvement
Part 1
1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I - A Problem Exists.
Part 2
2. Included a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph.
3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environment, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
8. Provide a concluding paragraph
/transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages.
9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
10. Use one or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages.
11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 & 2.
12. Other
Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 1
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 10
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
August 16, 2017
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are subject ...
Keynote speech from Andrew Dilnot, Chair of the Commission on Funding of Care and Support - 'Searching for Social Care Solutions'
Find out more at http://www.ageuk.org.uk/conferences
Presentation by Professor Candace Currie from the Health Behaviour in School-age Children programme (HBSC) gives a study overview; discussion of risk behaviours among adolescents across Europe and North America; discussion of social determinants of risk behaviours; evidence for policy makers; and a case study of HBSC in Scotland
Similar to How to Respond to the EU Family Reunion Consultation - Webinar slides of 7 December 2012 (20)
Cross-national Research on Adolescent Risk Behaviours
How to Respond to the EU Family Reunion Consultation - Webinar slides of 7 December 2012
1. MIPEX: policy indicators and a joined-up approach to policy evaluation in Europe • 27 February 2008 • Prague Presentation by Thomas HUDDLESTON MPG Briefing for Green Paper on Family Reunion • 7 December 2011 • Brussels, Belgium • Webinar for stakeholders Thomas HUDDLESTON, Policy Analyst, MPG Strategic thinking on equality and mobility
2.
3. Contents 1) Confronting stereotypes, understanding family life 2) Right to family reunion: dynamics between EU law & national policy change 3) Impact of new family reunion tests and requirements on integration process 4) Restrictions ‘in name of integration’ separate families
4.
5. Poll question Non-EU family reunion is how most immigrants come to my country. True False Don't know
6. Is non-EU family reunion how most immigrants come to your country? False Calculated from Eurostat Family reunion in EU
7. Is non-EU family reunion how most immigrants come to your country? False Eurostat Family reunion in EU
8. Are most reuniting non-EU families from Morocco and Turkey? No. Calculated from Eurostat Family reunion in EU
9. Are most family permit holders spouses? No. Family reunion policy affects children as much as husbands or wives. Family reunion in EU Calculated from Eurostat
10. EU Directive 2003/86/EC "Family reunification is a necessary way of making family life possible. It helps to create sociocultural stability facilitating the integration of third country nationals in the Member State, which also serves to promote economic and social cohesion, a fundamental Community objective stated in the Treaty.“ Preamble 4 to Directive 2003/86/EC
12. Past impact in old and new MS, potential impact? Directive
13. Unclear future… New restrictions from 2007-2010 on eligibility and conditions in 9 may delay or discourage family reunion Limited rights to work in Ireland and Malta delays families’ labour market participation
14. … but fewer problems today Average country far beyond Directive’s minimums, some use several ‘may’ clauses In most of 24 where applies: Residence of ≤1 year No age limits over 18 Some entitlement for other dependent adult family Basic housing & economic resource requirements No language and integration conditions or pre-entry tests SEE BRIEFING 2 ANNEX
15. From MIPEX 2011 (see briefing 2 annex) 1) Long-term & registered partners largely ignored 2) Many conditions for other adult dependents 3) Some impose restrictive family definitions & burdensome conditions 4) Income required often higher than social assistance 5a) Few imposing integration conditions are extending them to spouses in countries of origin, with high costs & less support 5b) Hardly any integration condition abroad sets favourable conditions 6) Vague grounds for refusal & withdrawal like public policy, security & health 7) Major waiting periods and conditions for autonomous permit Green Paper: EU wide problems
16.
17.
18. Which type of proposals do you think your national government would support? More restrictive conditions More flexible conditions Don’t know Poll question
19.
20.
21. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 1 What is the best way to determine who is a potential sponsor to reunite with their family? Should they need to have ‘reasonable prospects for permanent residents’ or wait for 1-2 years?
22. Most need any legal residence permit of ≤ 1 year Pink = ≤ 1 year’s residence Blue = > 1 year Black = ≥ 2 years Pink = Any residence permit Blue = Certain permits excluded Black = Only permanent residence **Note: SI recently removed both restrictions OECD concludes family reunion should be facilitated as soon as possible (PISA data)
23. Poll question Should newly arrived immigrants have to wait 1-2 years and have prospects for permanent residence before they can reunite? Yes No Don't know
24. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 2 Is it legitimate to have a minimum age for the spouse which differs from the age of majority in a Member State?
25. Most married couples over 18 treated like adults Pink = No Age Limit or 18 years Blue = 21- age limit with wide exceptions Black = 21+ age limit for all **Note: 21 for all now in BE & NL, but UK repealed limit as disproportionate Evaluations find age limit not effective to raise education or economic integration or fight forced marriages (DK SFI, NL WODC, UK Hester et al) Disproportionate effect: young people may not apply or marry Few have luxury to resettle in another country (‘EU route’)
26. In all European countries, 18 yr-olds can marry. Should a migrant have to be older than 21 to reunite with his/her spouse? Yes, it helps fight forced marriages and promote integration No, it does not help Don't know Poll question
27. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 4 Are rules adequate & broad enough to take into account the different definitions of family other than the nuclear family?
28. Other dependents have some right, but few come in practice Pink = Full right Blue = Some right Black = No right Either/or: 12 of 24 Both fully: 6 like CA & AU None: 6 like US Few reunite in practice, even where possible
29. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 4 Are rules adequate & broad enough to take into account the different definitions of family other than the nuclear family?
30. EU-wide problem: Registered & long-term partners largely ignored Pink = For registered & long-term partners Blue = For only one of these groups Black = For neither Only 10 of 24 recognise one or both cases for family reunion, similar to AU or CA
31. Poll question All immigrants have the right to apply for their nuclear family. Is that adequate? Yes, nuclear family is most important No, should include dependent parents, grandparents, adults No, they should have the right to all other dependents Don't know
32. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 5 Which integration measures are efficient and effective? Would you recommend pre-entry measures?
33. XXX No integration or pre-entry tests for family reunion Dark pink = ‘Slightly favourable’ for language learning Light blue = ‘Halfway favourable’ Dark green = ‘Slightly unfavourable’ Dark blue = ‘Unfavourable’ ** Updated for new UK & AT tests abroad German or English abroad is expensive & inaccessible for several countries and families. Little support for learning Danish – even less for Dutch. Only FR 'slightly' favourable: pass free test or attend free & largely accessible course
34. XXX Ineffective test, quality & accessible course needed Evaluations find minimal effect on language knowledge & none on socio-economic integration. Instead, limits family reunion & disproportionately impacts most vulnerable (“self-selection”): Elderly, young, less educated, people in certain–often unstable—countries &—to some extent—women are less likely to apply or pass. Attending quality & accessible course for effective than test.
35. Poll question Which integration measures do you think are effective for immigrant families’ language learning and integration? Only courses in the EU country Courses in the EU country or non-EU country of origin Tests in the EU country Tests in the EU country or non-EU country of origin Don’t Know
36. Green Paper Questions QUESTION 5 Do these measures efficiently promote integration? How can this be assessed in practice? Which are most effective?
37. Only basic housing & income required Pink = No housing requirement Blue = General health & safety standards Black = Further requirements Pink = No or income at level of social assistance in country Blue = At level of minimum wage Black = Linked to job/no social assistance
38. Only basic housing & income required Any legal means to prove basic housing (17/24) & income (18). AT, FR, IT, SK add more housing conditions, while AT, BE, CY, FR, GR, NL restrict income largely to legal job contract. Level of income required in many is vague & unrelated to individual circumstances DK & NL studies find no effect on jobs schooling: long-term trend, short-term compliance, other factors, unintended effects
39. Green Paper Questions Qs 12 & 13 Should fees be regulated? Is the administrative deadline laid down in the Directive for examination of the application justified?
40. Procedure limited to 6-9 months, but fees high Pink = ≤ 6 months Blue = > 6 months but max defined in law Black = Not defined in law Pink = Free Blue = Similar to regular fees & duties Black = Higher costs
41. Green Paper Questions Q14 How could the application of these horizontal clauses be facilitated and ensured in practice?
42.
43. Conclusions Most restrictions, whatever their integration objective, will likely limit the number of reuniting families, creating separated or broken families. Restrictions disproportionately impacts on family reunion, especially for vulnerable groups. If these measures cannot be proven as effective for integration, then they are not justified for family reunion. Very strong correlation for 22 cases: .733 (Spearman’s rho), p<0.001
44. Conclusions Conditions should be flexible so that authorities can make an individual assessment. Sponsors need all legal means to prove that they meet the basic general requirements that are expected of all people in society who want to live together in a family. Reuniting families need all legal means to show that they are willing to learn & participate in society.
Researchers and policy actors better understand how law, implementation, and other factors affect citizenship acquisition rates and how citizenship affects integration processes; Policymakers and civil society organisations use evidence to design more effective citizenship laws and implementing measures; New policies and practices increase the share of immigrants who are acquiring citizenship of their country of residence; New citizens are better able to participate in society and the democratic process.
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition
Few cases, survey sources over- Sample national language speakers, naturalisation rate not perfect measure of citizenship acquisition