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Eye_visual system [all about eye].......
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- 2. GENERAL TERMS OPTHOMOLOGY OPTHOMOLOGIST OPTOMETRIST ANATOMY& PHYSIOLOGYOF THE EYE PATHOLOGY/DISEASES MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES& ABBREVIATIONS ICD AND CPT CODES SYNOPSIS
- 3. EYE • Eye isone of the most important sense organs which enables us to see the world. • The study of structure, disease and refractive errors associated with the eyes is known as opthalmology. • A physician who specializes in the area of study is known as an ophthalmologist. • A licensed medical professional who specialize in the examination of the eyes and diagnosis ,correction of refractive errors through the use of corrective lense is optometrist
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- 5. ANATOMY OF EYE •The External Structure of an Eye • The parts of the eye that are visible externally include the following:- • Sclera: It is a white visible portion. It is made up of dense connective tissue and protects the inner parts. • Conjunctiva: It lines the sclera and is made up of stratified squamous epithelium. It keeps our eyes moist and clear and provides lubrication by secreting mucus and tears. • Cornea: It is the transparent, anterior or front part of our eye, which covers the pupil and the iris. The main function is to refract the light along with the lens. • Iris: It is the pigmented, coloured portion of the eye, visible externally. The main function of the iris is to control the diameter of the pupil according to the light source. • Pupil: It is the small aperture located in the centre of the Iris. It allows light to enter and focus on the retina.
- 6. ANATOMY OF EYE •Three different layers: • The external layer, formed by the sclera and cornea. • The intermediate layer, divided into two parts: anterior (iris and ciliary body) and posterior (choroid). • The internal layer, or the sensory part of the eye, the retina.
- 7. INTERNAL COMPONENTS OFAN EYE The Internal Structure of an Eye • Lens: It is a transparent, biconvex, lens of an eye. The lens is attached to the ciliary body by ligaments. The lens along with the cornea refracts light so that it focuses on the retina. • Retina: It is the innermost layer of the eye. It is light sensitive and acts as a film of a camera. • Optic nerve: It is located at the posterior portion of the eyes. The optic nerves carry all the nerve impulses from the retina to the human brain for perception. • Aqueous Humour: It is a watery fluid present between the cornea and the lens. It nourishes the eye and keeps it inflated. • Vitreous Humour: it is a transparent, jelly-like substance present between the lens and the retina. It contains water (99%), collage, proteins, etc.
- 9. What are thetypes of refractive errors? There are 4 common types of refractive errors: • Nearsightedness (myopia) makes far-away objects look blurry • Farsightedness (hyperopia) makes nearby objects look blurry • Astigmatism can make far-away and nearby objects look blurry or distorted • Presbyopia makes it hard for middle-aged and older adults to see things up close TYPES OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- 10. 1. Myopia 2. Hyperopia 3.Astigmatism REFRACTIVE ERRORS
- 11. PATHOLOGY • Glaucoma isa common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged. • It's usually caused by fluid building up in the front part of the eye, which increases pressure inside the eye. • A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light)
- 12. • Anisocoria -condition characterized by an unequal size of the eyes' pupils • Xanthopsia – everything apears to be yellow PATHOLOGY OF EYE
- 13. Age-related macular degenerationGroup of conditions that include deterioration of the macula, resulting in a loss of sharp central vision. Allergic conjunctivitis Hypersensitivity of the conjunctiva (membrane covering white of eyes and inner lids) to foreign substances. PATHOLOGY
- 14. Pathology • Abrasion, cornealabrasion. Injury. Scraped area of corneal surface; accompanied by loss of superficial tissue (epithelium). • Diabetic retinopathy Spectrum of retinal changes accompanying long-standing diabetes mellitus.
- 15. Dilated pupil Enlargedpupil, resulting from contraction of the dilator muscle or relaxation of the iris sphincter Diplopia double vision. Functional defect. Perception of two images from one object; images may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. PATHOLOGY
- 16. • . • Diopter(D) (di-AHP-tur). Unit of measure. Unit to designate the refractive power of a lens, or the degree of light convergence or divergence. • LASIK (LAY-sik). Surgical procedure. Acronym: Laser in Situ Keratomileusis, also Laser Assisted Intrastromal Keratoplasty. • Ocular hypertension – excessively high intra ocular pressure • Pink eye – contagious conjunctivitis • Retinitis – inflammation of the retina • Strabismus – unable to focus on a particular point • Trachoma – infectious disease caused by the organism chlamydia trachomatis PATHOLOGY
- 17. dIA Ophthalmoscopy - Visualexamination of the interior of the eye Tonometry (ton/o = tension) - measures intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma Visual acuity test - Clarity of vision is assessed - Snellen chart Visual field test - Measurement of the area (peripheral and central) within which objects are seen when the eyes are fixed, looking straight ahead without movement of the head Diagnostic Procedures
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- 19. • AMD-Age-related MacularDegeneration • HEENT-Head Eyes Ears Nose Throat • LASIK-Laser Insitu Keratomileusis • OD-Right Eye • OS-Left Eye • OU-Both Eyes • VA-Visual Acuity • VF-Visual Field • L&A- Light and Accomodation • EOM-Extraoccular Movement ABBREVIATIONS
- 20. ICD CODES • H53.009-Unspecified amblyopia, unspecified eye • H16.013 -Central corneal ulcer, bilateral • H53.2 –Diplopia • H40 – Glaucoma • H18.609 - Keratoconus, unspecified, unspecified eye CPT PROCEDURE CODES • 67700-blepharotomy drainage of abcess • 65710-keratoplasty anterior lamellar