This document discusses various ways to express future actions and events in English, including will, be going to, present continuous, present simple, future continuous, and future perfect tenses. It provides examples of how each is used to indicate plans, predictions, arrangements, schedules, and other nuances involving future time. Key distinctions are drawn between planned vs. spontaneous intentions (will vs. be going to), arrangements vs. decisions (present continuous vs. be going to), and recurring vs. one-time events (present simple vs. others). Exercises are included for practice applying the tenses based on prompts.

1. 1) WILL
2) GOING TO
3) PRESENT CONTINUOUS
4) PRESENT SIMPLE
5) FUTURE CONTINUOUS
6) FUTURE PERFECT
EXPRESSING FUTURE
THERE ARE MANY WAYS OF EXPRESSING FUTURE

2. • I will have a cup of coffee and a cheesecake.
• I have just decided in the restaurant. – ON-SPOT-
DECISION
• I will find the right job one day.
• I think this will happen but I have no evidence. –
PREDICTION WITHOUT EVIDENCE
• I will help you with these bags.
• I am offering my help. – OFFER
• I will call you as soon as I arrive.
• I promise to do that. – PROMISE
will + infinitive

3. • Give me the money or I will shoot you.
• This is how the thief threatens the man. – THREAT
• Will you do me a favour?
• This is how you ask somebody for something. –
REQUEST
• I hope the weather will be nice tomorrow.
• This is how to hope for thing. - HOPE
• Shall we call him or later on?
• What shall we do now?
• Use SALL ...I/ we...?. – SUGGESTION or ADVICE
I think – Believe – Expect – I’m certain – Certainly –
Surly- Possible - Probably

4. be going to + infinitive
• I am going to visit my grandma.
• This is what I have planned. – PLAN
• I’ve filled up the bucket, I am going to wash the car.
• I have already decided. – INTENTION
• It is going to rain. Look at those black clouds!
• I am referring to evidence and making prediction. –
PREDICTION WITH EVIDENCE
Planned – Plan – intention – intend – decide –
decision – evidence.

5. Put in ‘will’ or ‘be going to’:
1. A: We don’t have any bread. B: I know. I __________________ get
some from the shop.
2. A: We don’t have any bread. B: Really? I __________________ get
some from the shop then.
3. A: Why do you need to borrow my suitcase? B: I
__________________ visit my mother in Scotland next month.
4. A: I’m really cold. B: I __________________ turn the heating on.
5. A: What are your plans after you leave university? B: I
__________________ work in a hospital in Africa. I leave on the
28th .
6. (The phone rings) A: I __________________ get it!

6. present continuous
• I am staying at the Astoria Hotel.
• We are getting married in July.
• I have already booked my stay/ reserved the
hotel. – FUTURE ARRANGEMENT
*
*Another person or organisation is involved
arranged – arrangements – preparations –
appointment – I’ve packed my suit – I’ve
booked the tickets – I’ve sent the invitation
cards.

7. Present Continuous: Fixed plans with definite time
and /or place. Arrangements or Appointments
•I am starting university in September (time).
•Sally is meeting Kate this evening (time) in a
restaurant downtown (place)
While
Be Going to : to express the future when we intend
to do something or decide to do something but we
didn’t arrange for it. Personal plan
A: The windows are dirty.
B: Yes I know. I'm going to clean them later.
= I've decided to clean them ,but I haven't
arranged to clean them.

8. Present Simple
– The train leaves at 5pm. Tomorrow is Monday.
Things that happen according to a SCHEDULES or
TIMETABLES
Program – News – Plane – Train – Bus –
Lecture – Session.

9. Re-write the following sentences using the words
in brackets:
• I’ve arranged to meet him at 8:00 am (am)
• Hany intends to have a new flat (going)
• He has an appointment with his teacher at 10
o’clock tomorrow. (is)
• He decided to study biology for his exams. (is)
• I’ve planned to see the dentist to check my teeth.
(am)
• When is your plane scheduled to take off ?
(does)
• The sky is full of dark clouds. (going)

10. Future Continuous
Future continuous
Use: an action which will be in progress at a
stated time in the future.
e.g: This time tomorrow, we will be travelling
to London.

11. Future Perfect
FORM: Will + have + past participle of verb
Use: a future action completed before a
stated time in the future.
e.g: We will have retuned from England by
next month.