Executive order no

• WHEREAS, it is a declared State policy, “to protect and promote the right of all citizens to
quality basic education and to promote the right of all citizens to quality basic education and
such education accessible to all by providing all Filipino children in the elementary level and
free education in the high school level. Such education small also include alternative
learning system for out-of-school youth and adult learners.” (Section 2 of R.A. 9155, The
Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001)
• WHEREAS, Section 12.1 Rules XII of R.A. 9155 stipulates that “the alternative Learning
System is a parallel learning system to provide a viable alternative to the existing formal
education instruction, encompassing both the non-formal and informal sources of
knowledge and skills”;
• WHEREAS, the Department of Education, through the Bureau of Non-formal Education is
mandated to ensure that all learning needs of marginalized learners are addressed;
• WHEREAS, one of the most important initiatives in Non-formal Education in the Philippines
in the last 10 years is the Alternative Learning System (ALS), which is a major component of
basic education with a clearly defined role within the overall educational goals;
• WHEREAS, the ALS will respond to the need of a more systematic and flexible approach in
reaching to all types of learners outside the school system;
• NOW, THEREFORE, I, GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, President of the Philippines, by virtue
of the powers vested in me by law, do hereby order:

SECTION 1. The Bureau of Non-formal Education is hereby
renamed to Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS).
SEC. 2. The Bureau of Alternative Learning System shall have the
following functions:
a. Address the learning needs of the marginalized groups of the
population including the deprived, depressed and underserved citizens;
b. Coordinate with various agencies for skills development to
enhance and ensure continuing employability, efficiency, productivity,
and competitiveness in the labor market;
c. Ensure the expansion of access to educational opportunities
for citizens of different interests, capabilities, demographic
characteristics and socio-economic origins and status; and
d. Promote certification and accreditation of alternative learning
programs both formal and informal in nature for basic education.

SEC. 3. Funds necessary to carry out the provisions of
this Executive Order shall be taken from the present
funds available in the Department of Education and
shall thereafter be included in the General
Appropriations Act.
SEC. 4. All orders, issuances, rules and regulations, or
parts thereof inconsistent with this Executive Order
are hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
SEC. 5. This Executive Order shall take effect fifteen
(15) days after its publication in the Official Gazette.
Done in the City of Manila, this 13th day
of September in the year of Our Lord, two thousand
and four.

• I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of
the Philippines, by virtue of the powers
vested in me by the Constitution as
Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed
Forces of the Philippines, and pursuant to
Proclamation No. 1081 dated September
21, 1972, and General Order No. 1 dated
September 22, 1972, do hereby decree,
order and make as part of the law of the
land the following measures:

• SECTION 1. Title. — This Decree shall be known as
the “Educational Development Decree of 1972.”
• SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby
declared to be the policy of the government to
ensure, within the context of a free and democratic
system maximum contribution of the educational
system to the attainment of the following national
development goals: (a) To achieve and maintain an
accelerating rate of economic development and
social progress; (b) To assure the maximum
participation of all the people in the attainment and
enjoyment of the benefits of such growth; and (c)
To strengthen national consciousness and promote
desirable cultural values in a changing world.

SECTION 3. Statement of Objectives. — To this end, the
educational system aims to: (a) Provide for a broad
general education that will assist each individual, in the
peculiar ecology of his own society, to (1) attain his
potential as a human being; (2) enhance the range and
quality of individual and group participation in the basic
functions of society; and (3) acquire the essential
educational foundation for his development into a
productive and versatile citizen; (b) Train the nation’s
manpower in the middle level skill required for national
development; (c) Develop the high-level professions that
will provide leadership for the nation, advance knowledge
through research, and apply new knowledge for
improving the quality of human life; and (d) Respond
effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation
through a system of educational planning and evaluation.

SECTION 4. Guiding Principles of the Ten-Year
Program. — In order to lay the foundation and to
advance the attainment of these objectives, a ten-
year national education development program shall
be formulated based on the following:
(a) Improvement of curricular programs and quality of
instruction of all levels by way of upgrading
physical faculties, adoption of cost-saving
instructional technology, and training and re-
training of teachers and administrators;
(b) Upgrading of academic standards through
accreditation schemes, admissions testing and
guidance counselling;

(c)Democratization of access to educational opportunities
through the provision of financial assistance to deserving
students, skills training programs for out-of-school youth
and continuing education program for non-literate adults;
(d) Restructuring of higher education to become more
responsive to national development needs through a
planned system of incentives and assistance to both
public and private colleges and universities and
synchronization of curricular programs, staffing patterns
and institutional development activities;
(e) Expansion of existing programs and establishment of
new ones designed to train middle-level technical and
agricultural manpower; and
(f) Instituting reform in the educational financing system
to facilitate the shift of funding responsibility for
elementary and secondary education from the national to
the local government, thereby increasing government
participation in higher education.

SECTION 5. Educational Development Projects. — The above stated objectives
shall be attained through the undertaking of the following educational
development projects:
(a) Management study of the Department of Education and Culture and institution
of administrative improvements therein;
(b) Establishment and/or operation or improvement of secondary schools which may
include provision for extension services, facilities and equipment to allow the use of
expanded and improved curriculum;
(c) Establishment and/or operation, upgrading or improvement of technical
institutes, skills training centers, and other non-formal training programs and
projects for the out-of-school youth and the unemployed in collaboration with the
programs of the National Manpower and Youth Council;
(d) Curriculum and staff development including mathematics and science teaching;
(e) Expansion of agricultural secondary and higher education programs and
extension activities which may include radio broadcasting and rural training services,
and the provision of facilities therefor including seed capital and revolving funds;
(f) Design, utilization and improvement of instructional technology and
development/production of textbooks and other instructional materials; and (g)
Assistance and incentives, including loans and grants, toward the planned
development and improvement of programs and facilities in both public and private
universities, colleges and schools.

SECTION 6. Working Arrangements. — For the attainment
of the objectives of this Decree, an Education Special
Committee, composed of the Secretary of Education and
Culture as Chairman and the Secretary of Finance and the
Commissioner of the Budget as members, if hereby
created which shall:
(a) Approve and evaluate the specific projects, endorsed
to it by the National Board of Education, to be
financed out of the resources provided for in this
Decree; and
(b) Administer the Educational Institutions Development
Fund as hereinafter provided, except that the
resources accruing into the Fund shall be managed by
reputable fund managers or financial institutions.

SECTION 7. Authority to Borrow. — The President of the Philippines,
in behalf of the Republic of the Philippines, may contract loans,
credits or indebtedness with any foreign source or lender, under such
terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, any provision of law,
including Republic Act Numbered Forty-eight hundred and sixty as
amended by Republic Act Numbered Sixty-one hundred and forty-
two, Act Numbered Forty-two hundred and thirty nine,
Commonwealth Act Numbered one hundred thirty-eight,
Commonwealth Act Numbered Five Hundred forty-one, Republic Act
Numbered Nine hundred twelve, Republic Act Numbered Fifty-one
hundred eighty-three, and other related laws to the contrary
notwithstanding, for a total amount not exceeding one hundred
million United States dollars or the equivalent thereof in other
currencies, as may be necessary to meet the direct and indirect
foreign exchange requirements of the projects authorized under this
Decree, to cover the costs of feasibility studies, equipment,
machineries, supplies, construction, installation and related services
of any such projects: Provided, That the loans, credit or indebtedness
authorized herein shall be incurred on terms of payment of not less
that ten (10) years

SECTION 8. Utilization of Proceeds. — The proceeds of
such loans, credits or indebtedness, as well as the
appropriations under Section 9 hereof, shall be used
exclusively for financing the educational development
projects authorized under this Decree: Provided, That for
the purpose of ensuring continued assistance to the
planned development and improvement of programs and
facilities in both public and private universities, colleges
and schools, there is hereby authorized to be established
an Educational Institutions Development Fund in an
amount of not less that ten million pesos ( 10,000,000),
Philippine currency, annually for a period of ten (10)
years. The said Fund shall be administered as a separate
fund, and lending or relending operations to private
universities, colleges and schools shall be subject to the
rules and regulations to be promulgated by the National
Board of Education with the approval of the Secretary of
Finance.

SECTION 9. Appropriations. — In addition to the proceeds of the
loans, credits or indebtedness mentioned in Section 7 hereof,
there is hereby appropriated for the projects authorized herein
the sum of five hundred million pesos (P500,000,000) out of the
funds in the National Treasury not otherwise appropriated
which shall be programmed and released in the following
manner: fifty million pesos (P50,000,000) for Fiscal Year 1972-73
and fifty million pesos (P50,000,000) annually thereafter until
June thirty, nineteen hundred eighty-two: Provided, That
notwithstanding the said schedule, releases in a given year shall
be adjusted in accordance with the actual requirements of the
projects being implemented during the fiscal year: Provided,
further, That should there be any surplus in the annual
appropriations herein provided, the same shall accrue to the
Educational Special Account herein created in the General Fund
which shall be made available to finance the projects during the
subsequent fiscal years.

SECTION 10. Creation of Educational Special Account. — There is hereby
established in the National Treasury an Educational Special Account to meet
the appropriations herein provided, which shall be constituted from the
following sources:
(a) Proceeds form bond issues as provided for under Section 11 of this Decree;
(b)Twenty million pesos (P20,000,000) annually from the share of the National
Government in the Special Education Fund under Republic Act Numbered Fifty-
four hundred forty-seven as provided in Section 12 hereof;
(c) Fifteen million pesos (P15,000,000) from the Special Science Fund for Fiscal
Year 1972-73, and fifty per centum (50%), annually thereafter until June 30,
1982, of the total annual receipts from the taxes provided for under Republic
Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred and forty-eight, as provided in Section 13
hereof;
(d) Future savings of the Department of Education and Culture that may result
from the implementation of reforms consequent to management study, as
provided in Section 14 hereof; and
(e) Augmentations from the General Funds which are hereby authorized in
cases where the above sources are not sufficient to cover expenditures
required in any year, as provided in Section 15 of this Act

SECTION 11. Bond Issues. — The Secretary of Finance may issue and sell
bonds not exceeding twenty million pesos annually under the authority
of Republic Act Numbered Four thousand eight hundred sixty-one, any
provision of law to the contrary, notwithstanding.
SECTION 12. Portions of the Special Education Fund. — Any provision of
law to the contrary notwithstanding, effective July 1, 1972, until June
30, 1982, twenty million pesos (P20,000,000) of the annual share of the
National Government from the Special Education Fund provided for
under Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred and forty-seven shall
accrue to the Educational Special Account
SECTION 13. Portion of Special Science Fund. — Any provision of law to the contrary
notwithstanding, effective upon approval of this Decree, fifteen million pesos
(P15,000,000) of the Special Science Fund established under Republic Act Numbered
fifty-four-hundred and forty-eight as amended as hereby transferred to the
Educational Special Account herein provided. Starting July 1, 1972, until June 30, 1982,
fifty per centum (50%) of the total collections from the taxes imposed under Republic
Act Numbered fifty-four hundred and forty-eight as amended shall accrued to the
Educational Special Account. Thereafter, said portion shall accrue to the General Fund.

SECTION 14. Future Savings. — Such amount of savings resulting from the
implementation of reforms consequent to the management study authorized under
Section 5 as may be necessary to prosecute the projects under this Decree shall accrue
to the Educational Special Account.
SECTION 15. Augmentation from General Fund. — In cases where funds from sources
specified in Section 10 (a), (b), (c) and (d) are not sufficient to meet the requirements
in any fiscal year, such amounts as are necessary to meet such requirements are
hereby appropriated out of the funds in the General Funds not otherwise
appropriated, and transferred to the Educational Special Account.
SECTION 16. Tax Exemption. — The loans, credits or indebtedness incurred pursuant to
this Decree, the payment of the principal, interests and other charges thereon, the
earnings of the fund created under Section 8, as well as the importation of articles,
materials, equipment, machineries and supplies, including all building materials by the
Department of Education and Culture or other offices, agencies or instrumentalities of
the government and by private or chartered entities authorized by Education Special
Committee to undertake the projects authorized in this Act shall be exempt from all
taxes, duties, fees, imposts, other charges and restrictions, including import
restrictions, imposed by the Republic of the Philippines or any of its agencies or
political subdivisions. The Secretary of Finance shall promulgate rules and regulations
necessary for the purpose.

SEC SECTION 17. Additional Appropriations. — There is
hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any funds in the
National Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as
may be necessary to pay the principal, interests and other
charges on the loans, credits or indebtedness incurred under
the authority of this Decree as and when they become due.
SECTION 18. Repealing Clause. — All laws, executive orders,
rules or regulations or parts thereof which are inconsistent
with this Decree are hereby repealed and/or modified
accordingly.
SECTION 19. Effectively. — This Decree shall take effect
immediately

This Act shall apply to and govern both formal and non-formal systems in public and
private schools in all levels of the entire educational system.
Declaration of Basic Policy I. CHAPTER 2, Sec 3
Establish and maintain a complete, adequate and integrated system of education
relevant to the goals of national development
Promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education
Promote the right of the nations cultural communities in the exercise of their right
to develop themselves
within the context of their cultures, customs, traditions, interest and belief
Declaration of Objectives I. CHAPTER 2, Sec 4
Provide for a broad general education that will assist each individual to
(a) attain his potentials as a human being;
(b) enhance [his] range and quality of individual and group participation in the basic
functions of society; and
(c) acquire the essential educational foundation of his development into a
productive and versatile citizen.
Train the nations manpower in the middle-level skills for national development
Develop the profession that will provide leadership for the nation in the
advancement of knowledge for improving the quality of human life.
Respond effectively to changing needs and conditions of the nation through a
system of educational planning and evaluation.

THE EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY II. CHAPTER 1, Sec 1
Declaration of Policy & Objectives … Foster, at all times,
a spirit of shared purposes and cooperation among the
members and elements of the educational community,
and between the community and other sectors of
society
RIGHTSII. CHAPTER 2
Rights of Parents Organize by themselves and/or with
teachers for the purpose of providing a forum for the
discussion of matters relating to the total school
program.
Rights of Parents Access any official record directly
relating to the children who are under their parental
responsibility.

• Rights of Students in School Receive, primarily through competent
instruction, relevant quality education
• Rights of Students in School Right to school guidance and counseling
services for decisions
• Rights of Students in School Access to his own school records
• Rights of Students in School Issuance of official certificates, diplomas,
transcript of records, grades, transfer credentials and other similar
documents within thirty days from request.
• Rights of Students in School Publish a student newspaper and similar
publications
• Rights of Students in School Free expression of opinions and suggestions
• Rights of Students in School Form, establish, join and participate in
organization sand societies recognized by the school
• Rights of Students in School Be free from in voluntary
• Rights of all School Personnel Free expression of opinion and
suggestions.
• Rights of all School Personnel Be provided with free legal service by the
appropriate government office in the case of public school personnel,
and through the school authorities concerned in the case of private
school personnel.

• Rights of all School Personnel Establish, join and maintain
labor organizations and/or professional and self-regulating
organizations of their choice.
• Rights of all School Personnel Be free from involuntary
contributions except those imposed by their own
organizations.
• Special Rights and/or Privileges of Teaching or Academic
Staff Be free from compulsory assignments not related
toothier duties as defined in their appointments or
employment contracts, unless compensated therefor,
conformably to existing law.
Staff Right to intellectual property consistent with
applicable laws.
Staff Teachers shall be deemed persons in authority when
in the discharge of lawful duties and responsibilities, and
shall, therefore, be accorded due respect and protection.

Special Rights and/or Privileges of Teaching or
Academic Staff Teachers shall be accorded the
opportunity to choose alternative career lines either in
school administration, in classroom teaching, or others,
for purposes of career advancement.
Special Rights of School Administration School
administrators shall, be accorded sufficient
administrative discretion necessary for the efficient and
effective performance of their functions.
Special Rights of School Administration School
administrators shall be deemed persons in authority
while in the discharge of lawful duties and
responsibilities, and shall therefore be accorded due
respect and protection

Rights of Schools The right of their governing boards
or lawful authorities to provide for the proper
governance of the school and to adopt and enforce
administrative or management systems
Rights of Schools The right for institutions of higher
learning to determine on academic grounds who
shall be admitted to study, who may teach, and
what shall be subjects of the study and research.

DUTIES & OBLIGATIONS II. CHAPTER 3
• Duties of Parents shall help carryout the educational objectives in
accordance with national goals
• Duties of Parents shall be obliged to enable their children to obtain
elementary education and shall strive to enable them to obtain
secondary and higher education…
• Duties of Parents shall cooperate with the school in the implementation
of the school program curricular and co-curricular.
• Duties and Responsibilities of Students Develop his potentialities for
service, particularly by undergoing an education suited to his abilities, in
order that he maybe come an asset to his family and to society.
• Duties and Responsibilities of Students Uphold the academic integrity of
the school, endeavor to achieve academic excellence and abide by the
rules and regulations governing his academic responsibilities.
• Duties and Responsibilities of Students Promote and maintain the peace
and tranquility of the school by observing the rules and discipline
• Duties and Responsibilities of Students Participate actively in civic affairs
and in the promotion of the general welfare.
• Duties and Responsibilities of Students Exercise his rights responsibly in
the knowledge that he is answerable for any in fringe mentor violation of
the public welfare and of the rights of others.

• Teachers Obligations Perform his duties to the school by
discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the
philosophy, goals, and objectives of the school.
• Teachers Obligations Be accountable for the efficient and
effective attainment of specified learning objectives.
• Teachers Obligations Render regular reports on
performance of each student and to the latter and the
latters parents.
• Teachers Obligations Assume the responsibility to maintain
and sustain his professional growth andadvancement and
maintain professionalism in hisbehavior at all times.
• Teachers ObligationsRefrain from making deductionsin
students scholastic rating foracts that are clearly
notmanifestations of poorscholarship.
• Teachers ObligationsParticipate as an agent ofconstructive
social, economic,moral, intellectual, cultural andpolitical
change in his schooland the community.

• School Administrators Obligations Perform his duties to the school by
discharging his responsibilities in accordance with the philosophy, goals
and objectives of the school.
• School Administrators Obligations Be accountable for the efficient and
effective administration and management of the school.
• School Administrators Obligations Develop and maintain a healthy school
atmosphere conducive to the promotion and preservation of academic
freedom.
• School Administrators Obligations Assume and maintain professional
behavior in his work.
• School Administrators Obligations Render adequate reports to teachers,
academic non-teaching personnel and non-academic staff on their actual
performance.
School Administrators Obligations Observe due process, fairness,
promptness, privacy, constructiveness and consistency in disciplining his
teachers and other
personnel.
School Administrators Obligations Maintain adequate records and submit
required reports to the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (Now,
CHED & DepEd).

THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS III. CHAPTER 1
Formal Education Formal education shall correspond to the following levels:
Elementary Education Secondary Education Tertiary Education
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS III. CHAPTER 2
• Specialized Educational Service
ESTABLISHMENT OF SCHOOLS III. CHAPTER 3
• Recognition of Schools Operations of schools shall be subject to their prior
authorization of the government, and shall be affected by recognition.
• Voluntary Accreditation Encouragement of programs of voluntary accreditation
for institution which desire to meet standards of quality over and above
minimum required for State recognition.
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF SCHOOLS III. CHAPTER 4
• Organization of Schools Each school shall establish such internal organization as
will best enable it to carryout its academic and administrative functions.
• Governing Board Every government college or university as a tertiary institution
and every private school shall have a governing board pursuant to its charter.
• Personnel Transactions The terms and conditions of employment of personnel in
government schools shall be governed by the Civil Service, budgetary and
compensation laws and rules. In private schools, dispute arising from employer-
employee relations shall fall under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor (now
DOLE) and Employment as provided for bylaw regulations.

SCHOOL FINANCE & ASSISTANCE III. CHAPTER 5
A. FUNDING OF REPUBLIC SCHOOLS Public school The national
government shall continue extend financial aid and assistance to
public secondary to be funded schools established and from national
maintained by local funds. Governments Secondary and post-
secondary schools may charge tuition and other school fees, in order
to improve facilities or to accommodate more students.
B. FUNDING OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS Each private school shall determine
its Private schools are rate of tuition authorized to engage in any
auxiliary enterprise to and other generate income primarily to school
fees or finance their educational charges. operations and/or to
reduce the need to increase students fees.
C. INCENTIVES TO EDUCATIONC. gifts or donation in favor of any
school, college or university recognized by the Government shall not
be subject to tax.

• D. ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS The government shall provide
financial assistance to financially disadvantaged and deserving
students. Such assistance may be in the form of State scholarships,
grants-in-aid, assistance from the Educational Loan Fund, or
subsidized tuition rates in State colleges and universities. All the
above and similar assistance programs shall provide for reserve
quotas for financially needed but academically qualified students
from the national cultural communities.
• D. ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS The private sector, especially
educational institutions, business and industry, shall been courage
to grant financial assistance to students, especially those
undertaking research in the fields of science and technology or in
such projects as may be necessary within the context of national
development.

Executive order no

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