Evolution of gymnospersm or plants without fruit which have a naked seed vs other seedless vascular plants such as ferns, mosses etc. Though both of these types of plants survive and dominate their respective ecological successions highly significantly and possess differential and discrete adaptive features according to their respective environments, their evolutionary advances remain highly different in nature. Many aspects of their evolutionary differences can be discussed but survival and longevity of the seed remains the most important and vital feature. This can be discussed as below: Dispersal and longevity of the seed life: Seedless vascular plants follow a medium-mediated dispersal of seeds in nature. They do not possess bright and eye-catching flowers which can attract the insects to aid pollinatation. Their seeds are directly localized onto the upper/lower surface of the leaves itself. After fertilization, the seed is produced and released in the environment. On the other hand, the gymnosperms do not possess bright flowers to attract insects which can aid pollination. Hence, after fertilization, the seeds are dispersed in highly discrete manner or remain dorman as such for very long times. This also decreases the net density of gymnosperms in nature. This property of low fertilization and dispersal of seeds has made the gymnosperms more sturdy enough to survive under very harsh environments as well, such as high heat, low oxygen (at high altitudes), high salinity etc. Thus, the gymosperms have naturally evolved with high endurance against environmental stress/stimuli which makes thier life-time more long as compared to other seedless vascular plants which can be directly reflected into their mode of pollination and seed- dispersal. Thus, this explains the evolutionary advances in gymnospers as compared to other plants. Solution Evolution of gymnospersm or plants without fruit which have a naked seed vs other seedless vascular plants such as ferns, mosses etc. Though both of these types of plants survive and dominate their respective ecological successions highly significantly and possess differential and discrete adaptive features according to their respective environments, their evolutionary advances remain highly different in nature. Many aspects of their evolutionary differences can be discussed but survival and longevity of the seed remains the most important and vital feature. This can be discussed as below: Dispersal and longevity of the seed life: Seedless vascular plants follow a medium-mediated dispersal of seeds in nature. They do not possess bright and eye-catching flowers which can attract the insects to aid pollinatation. Their seeds are directly localized onto the upper/lower surface of the leaves itself. After fertilization, the seed is produced and released in the environment. On the other hand, the gymnosperms do not possess bright flowers to attract insects which can aid pollination. Hence, after fertilization, the.

1. Evolution of gymnospersm or plants without fruit which have a naked seed vs other seedless
vascular plants such as ferns, mosses etc. Though both of these types of plants survive and
dominate their respective ecological successions highly significantly and possess differential and
discrete adaptive features according to their respective environments, their evolutionary
advances remain highly different in nature. Many aspects of their evolutionary differences can be
discussed but survival and longevity of the seed remains the most important and vital feature.
This can be discussed as below:
Dispersal and longevity of the seed life: Seedless vascular plants follow a medium-mediated
dispersal of seeds in nature. They do not possess bright and eye-catching flowers which can
attract the insects to aid pollinatation. Their seeds are directly localized onto the upper/lower
surface of the leaves itself. After fertilization, the seed is produced and released in the
environment. On the other hand, the gymnosperms do not possess bright flowers to attract insects
which can aid pollination. Hence, after fertilization, the seeds are dispersed in highly discrete
manner or remain dorman as such for very long times. This also decreases the net density of
gymnosperms in nature.
This property of low fertilization and dispersal of seeds has made the gymnosperms more sturdy
enough to survive under very harsh environments as well, such as high heat, low oxygen (at high
altitudes), high salinity etc. Thus, the gymosperms have naturally evolved with high endurance
against environmental stress/stimuli which makes thier life-time more long as compared to other
seedless vascular plants which can be directly reflected into their mode of pollination and seed-
dispersal.
Thus, this explains the evolutionary advances in gymnospers as compared to other plants.
Solution
Evolution of gymnospersm or plants without fruit which have a naked seed vs other seedless
vascular plants such as ferns, mosses etc. Though both of these types of plants survive and
dominate their respective ecological successions highly significantly and possess differential and
discrete adaptive features according to their respective environments, their evolutionary
advances remain highly different in nature. Many aspects of their evolutionary differences can be
discussed but survival and longevity of the seed remains the most important and vital feature.
This can be discussed as below:
Dispersal and longevity of the seed life: Seedless vascular plants follow a medium-mediated
dispersal of seeds in nature. They do not possess bright and eye-catching flowers which can
attract the insects to aid pollinatation. Their seeds are directly localized onto the upper/lower

2. surface of the leaves itself. After fertilization, the seed is produced and released in the
environment. On the other hand, the gymnosperms do not possess bright flowers to attract insects
which can aid pollination. Hence, after fertilization, the seeds are dispersed in highly discrete
manner or remain dorman as such for very long times. This also decreases the net density of
gymnosperms in nature.
This property of low fertilization and dispersal of seeds has made the gymnosperms more sturdy
enough to survive under very harsh environments as well, such as high heat, low oxygen (at high
altitudes), high salinity etc. Thus, the gymosperms have naturally evolved with high endurance
against environmental stress/stimuli which makes thier life-time more long as compared to other
seedless vascular plants which can be directly reflected into their mode of pollination and seed-
dispersal.
Thus, this explains the evolutionary advances in gymnospers as compared to other plants.