Undercoverage plaques many frames - housing units are missed by listers or do not appear on the postal service list; persons with tenuous connections to households are not captured in rosters; persons hide their eligibility during screener interviews. The literature on undercoverage suggests several methods for improving the coverage of such frames, via a missed housing unit procedure, or detailed probes about household members, or disguising the target population in survey questions. However, each of these solutions introduces additional costs into the survey process. In this way, survey designers face a coverage-cost trade-off. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the cases found via these coverage-improvement measures are disproportionately nonresponders to the survey request. Thus there appears to be a coverage-nonresponse trade-off as well. Together these points raise the question of how much effort we should put into increasing coverage, when such efforts increase costs and nonresponse? This presentation will review empirical evidence for these trade-offs and search for clues to the mechanisms underlying the connection between nonresponse and undercoverage.
Presentation at the European Central Bank, Nov 6, 2013
Panel surveys are used to measure change over time, but previous research has shown that simply asking the same questions of the same respondents in repeated interviews leads to overreporting of change. With proactive dependent interviewing, responses from the previous interview are preloaded into the questionnaire, and respondents are reminded of this information before being asked about their current situation. Existing research has shown that dependent interviewing techniques can reduce spurious change in wave-to-wave reports and thus improve the quality of estimates from longitudinal data. However, the literature provides little guidance on how such questions should be worded. After reminding a respondent of her report in the last wave (“Last time we interviewed you, you said that you were not employed”), we might ask: “Is that still the case?”; “Has that changed?”; “Is that still the case or has that changed?”; or we might ask the original question again: “What is your current labour market activity?”. In this study we present experimental evidence from a longitudinal telephone survey in Germany (n=1500) in which we experimentally manipulated the wording of the dependent questions and contrasted them with independent questions. We report differences in the responses collected by the different question types. Due to the concern that respondents may falsely confirm previous information as still applying, leading to underreporting of change in dependent interviewing, we also test hypotheses about how respondents answer such questions. In these tests, we focus on the roles played by personality, deliberate misreporting to shorten the interview, least effort strategies and cognitive ability in the response process to dependent questions. The paper provides evidence-based guidance on questionnaire design for panel surveys.
joint work in Annette Jaeckle, University of Essex
Undercoverage plaques many frames - housing units are missed by listers or do not appear on the postal service list; persons with tenuous connections to households are not captured in rosters; persons hide their eligibility during screener interviews. The literature on undercoverage suggests several methods for improving the coverage of such frames, via a missed housing unit procedure, or detailed probes about household members, or disguising the target population in survey questions. However, each of these solutions introduces additional costs into the survey process. In this way, survey designers face a coverage-cost trade-off. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the cases found via these coverage-improvement measures are disproportionately nonresponders to the survey request. Thus there appears to be a coverage-nonresponse trade-off as well. Together these points raise the question of how much effort we should put into increasing coverage, when such efforts increase costs and nonresponse? This presentation will review empirical evidence for these trade-offs and search for clues to the mechanisms underlying the connection between nonresponse and undercoverage.
Presentation at the European Central Bank, Nov 6, 2013
Panel surveys are used to measure change over time, but previous research has shown that simply asking the same questions of the same respondents in repeated interviews leads to overreporting of change. With proactive dependent interviewing, responses from the previous interview are preloaded into the questionnaire, and respondents are reminded of this information before being asked about their current situation. Existing research has shown that dependent interviewing techniques can reduce spurious change in wave-to-wave reports and thus improve the quality of estimates from longitudinal data. However, the literature provides little guidance on how such questions should be worded. After reminding a respondent of her report in the last wave (“Last time we interviewed you, you said that you were not employed”), we might ask: “Is that still the case?”; “Has that changed?”; “Is that still the case or has that changed?”; or we might ask the original question again: “What is your current labour market activity?”. In this study we present experimental evidence from a longitudinal telephone survey in Germany (n=1500) in which we experimentally manipulated the wording of the dependent questions and contrasted them with independent questions. We report differences in the responses collected by the different question types. Due to the concern that respondents may falsely confirm previous information as still applying, leading to underreporting of change in dependent interviewing, we also test hypotheses about how respondents answer such questions. In these tests, we focus on the roles played by personality, deliberate misreporting to shorten the interview, least effort strategies and cognitive ability in the response process to dependent questions. The paper provides evidence-based guidance on questionnaire design for panel surveys.
joint work in Annette Jaeckle, University of Essex
Світлана Лазаренко розповіла учасникам навчальної програми Leadership in Law ...AnnaGolets
25 квітня 2015 року Київська школа розвитку та комунікацій провела наступний курс Leadership in Law на тему «Модель Юридичної Фірми: практичний екскурс» з практичних питань, з котрими стикається юридична фірма, а також її співробітники щодня у своїй діяльності.
Світлана Лазаренко, виконавчий директор Юридичної фірми «Гвоздій та Оберкович» поділилась своїми знаннями, котрі набула впродовж років роботи у юридичному бізнесі. Вона розповіла молодим юристам, котрі працюють в юридичних компаніях або ж прагнуть там працювати, та студентам юридичних факультетів, котрі хочуть здобувати професію юриста та працювати надалі за професією, як має розподілятися функція з розвитку бізнесу в юридичній фірмі та яких практичних навичок у цій сфері мають набувати молоді фахівці для досягнення успіху.
Are the Hard to Cover Also Less Likely to Respond?Stephanie Eckman
Growing evidence suggests that the cases identified and added via efforts to improve coverage are disproportionately nonresponders to the survey request. For example, the AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force found that mobileonly households, which are undercovered in landline frames, have lower response rates than households that have a landline. The LISS web panel offered internet access to noninternet households, in an effort to improve coverage of the population, but observed lower recruitment rates among these households. Because response rates are published and seen as quality indicators, whereas coverage rates usually go unreported, there may be incentives for those involved in survey production to increase response rates at the expense of coverage rates. This chapter will systematically review the existing evidence for such a nonresponse coverage tradeoff and use a theoretical lens to search for the mechanisms underlying the connection between nonresponse and undercoverage. We will also call attention to situations in which the distinction between nonresponse and undercoverage is not entirely clear. We consider alternative formulations of the response rate that collapse across response and coverage; such measures will be particularly important as the field moves towards data collection beyond surveys as we know them, where nonresponse and undercoverage cannot be easily distinguished.
Sampling Nomads: A New Technique for Remote, Hard-to-Reach, and Mobile Popula...Stephanie Eckman
Livestock are an important component of rural livelihoods in developing countries, but data about this source of income and wealth are difficult to collect due to the nomadic and
seminomadic nature of many pastoralist populations. Most household surveys exclude those without permanent dwellings, leading to undercoverage. In this study, we explore the use of a random geographic cluster sample (RGCS) as an alternative to the household-based sample. In this design, points are randomly selected and all eligible respondents found inside circles drawn around the selected points are interviewed. This approach should eliminate undercoverage of mobile populations. We present results of an RGCS survey with a total sample size of 784 households to measure livestock ownership in the Afar region of Ethiopia in 2012. We explore the RGCS data quality relative to a recent household survey, and discuss the implementation challenges.
2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
1. In what ways does your
media product use, develop
or challenge forms and
conventions of real-life media
products.
2. Our trailer fits the horror genre through use of classic horror
conventions that have been used from the 1930 with the
Universal Horror movies to more recent years’ modification of
the genre. The establishing shot of the trailer is a grim looking
church which fits not only the mood of the horror genre, but
also the settings for some horror movies; such a Silent Hill
(2006) where people are cut up by barbed wire. We used this
setting to not only get across the narrative of the film with a
holy figure murdering people in a sadistic way, but because it
caused controversy by using a saintly place to instigate murder
is happening there.
Silent Hill (left)
Priest establishing
shot (right)
3. Thomas Schatz’s Genre Theory (established in his 1981 book “Hollywood Genres”)
could be applied here. Because of the conflict the Priest has morally, he then takes
that inner moral conflict on the people around him and over the course of the
trailer it shows his decay as a character. We used a quick, smart monster which is a
priest. We thought about whether we wanted an actual monster as the source of
horror such as Frankenstein (1931) or whether we wanted a human. This would
create a sense of threat because the monster could have been anybody, and
because it was a member of authority it created a further sense of panic and threat
for audiences.
We also used low key lighting inside the church to connote the gritty and
murderous intent that the antagonist had. We intentionally used a combination of
both high and low key lighting in various ways to show the safety of particular
areas, in the trailer the church is dim to connote the decayed morals of the priest
whilst the Priest’s home is bright to give off a sense of safety for audiences. The
scene within the Priest’s home takes place before he decides to kill people as a
means of contrast. This is also shown within The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974)
where the inside of the house is dark and the outside appears safe.
4. After analysing and watching multiple trailers for inspiration, there were
particular moments that we wanted to adapt and pay homage to. The
pacing of the trailer starts quite slow and eventually ends with a montage of
brutality. This is reminiscent of the The Evil Dead (2013) trailer which starts
slowly with shots of the teenagers discovering the abandoned cabin.
However, it then builds into a montage of gore effects and killing. After
watching the trailer we knew that the conventions used and the overall
pacing of the trailer was one we wanted to recreate, we wanted to lure
audiences in and then show them some of the horror whilst still remaining
an enigma.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qthT79uS
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKFDkpH
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Evil Dead (2013) trailer PRIEST (2015) trailer
5. We also watched The Human Centipede 2 (2011) which also opens with a
derelict and enclosed location to establish the dark tone of the movie. We
found this an interesting way to begin the trailer and therefore wanted to
try and replicate that within our own trailer. It also uses montage quite well
and both trailers we viewed that used montage used them successfully
which is why we wanted to also incorporate montage into our trailer. After
watching the trailer for Bloodsucking Freaks (1976) we wanted to try and
recreate some of the gore effects used in that. In terms of institutional
context, the movie is very low budget but the gore effects are still quite
good for their time. On the low budget we had to film our trailer, we
wanted to see if we could recreate those effects to the same sort of degree.
The enclosed location from The Human
Centipede 2 (2011)
The cheap gore effects from
Bloodsucking Freaks (1976)
6. Stylistically, we especially enjoyed the work of the auteur Alfred
Hitchcock and his ability to create horrors out of the smallest things,
such as the shower scene from Psycho (1960) in which he used
chocolate sauce to replicate Marion Crane’s blood. It was this kind of
complex montage and visual conventions from Hitchcock that inspired
us to create gore effects balanced with editing techniques to maximise
the small amount of resources we had to a believable degree.
7. Within the historical context of our trailer, we wanted to try and
comment on the corruption of power within our society. In the media
there are stories of police officials that are included in paedophile
rings, for example, and they abuse that power to get out of it. We
decided to use an antagonist that was regarded as a safe member of
the community but could potentially have a very dark twist to them.
This would also be reflected within the CDI that priests are
paedophiles through abuse of their power.
8. Also the choice of central theme for our trailer is the grittiness of
religion and the seedier undertones given to it by the media. An
example would be the extremist groups such as ISIS that are using
religion as a fuel for their actions that directly affect the general public.
We wanted to take that extremist view and personify it into our central
character who is directly representative of the misappropriation of
religion ideologies.