All major cities have experienced periods of government control at some point in their history, often leading to changes in urban planning. Rome, Cagliari, and Berlin all redeveloped their urban plans after World War 2, while Barcelona underwent changes following the Cerdà Plan of 1860. The Romans originally inhabited Rome, Cagliari, and Barcelona, but Berlin was founded later. Cagliari missed opportunities for modernization through events like the Olympics that Rome and Barcelona experienced in the mid-20th century.