All major cities have experienced periods of government control at some point in their history, often leading to changes in urban planning. Rome, Cagliari, and Berlin all redeveloped their urban plans after World War 2, while Barcelona underwent changes following the Cerdà Plan of 1860. The Romans originally inhabited Rome, Cagliari, and Barcelona, but Berlin was founded later. Cagliari missed opportunities for modernization through events like the Olympics that Rome and Barcelona experienced in the mid-20th century.

1. URBAN DEVELOPMENT Every city has had a period when it was controlled by the government. In Rome and Cagliari there was Mussolini; In Barcelona there was Felipe V; In Berlin there was Hitler. All cities changed their urban plan after an important event: Rome, Cagliari and Berlin after II World War; Barcelona after the Cerdà Plan (1860). The Romans were present in Rome, Cagliari and Barcelona but never in Berlin (it was founded later). In the second half of 20th century there have been many opportunities to modernize the cities. The Olympic Games of Rome(1960) and Barcelona (1992) The fall of Berlin wall (1989) In Cagliari there haven’t been any significant opportunities. ROME BERLIN CERDÀ PLAN ORIGINAL CITY CAGLIARI BEFORE THE WAR CAGLIARI AMPHITHEATRE