‫לחוקרים‬ ‫פורום‬,‫כללית‬ ‫להיסטוריה‬ ‫המחלקה‬,‫בר‬ ‫אוניברסיטת‬-‫אילן‬,24.12.18—‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬ 1
‫לחקרים‬ ‫פורום‬,‫כללית‬ ‫להיסטוריה‬ ‫המחלקה‬,‫בר‬ ‫אוניברסיטת‬-‫אילן‬,24.12.18—‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬
‫בירושלים‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בתי‬ ‫והרס‬ ‫בנייה‬:‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010
2
‫ה‬ ‫קיבלה‬ ‫כיצד‬-"‫חורבה‬"‫מיוחד‬ ‫מעמד‬?
‫בירושלים‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בתי‬ ‫והרס‬ ‫בנייה‬:‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010
‫קולוקוויום‬,24.12.18|‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬
3
4
"‫חורבה‬"
‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫בירושלים‬
‫של‬ ‫הרס‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫בירושלים‬
‫פרויקט‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫לירושלים‬
5
19481474 2010185717211700c. 1300
Ovadiah ben Abraham
Bartenura, 1488
Kollek, 1965, Kahn, 1967; Reznik, 1978;
Millgram, 1990; Akerman, 1996; Horovitz, 2000
‫האשכנזי‬ ‫החצר‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
6
1700-1720
1721-1856
1864-1947
1948-1966
2000-2010
19481721
1857-1864 1967-1999
‫פרויקטים‬
‫לבניית‬ ‫ודיונים‬
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫של‬ ‫הזהב‬ ‫תור‬
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫פיצוץ‬
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫חורבה‬ ‫הינו‬
‫של‬ ‫שריפה‬
‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫החורבה‬
‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬
‫של‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫יהודה‬ ‫רבי‬
‫החסיד‬
‫הרוס‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
"‫רבי‬ ‫חורבת‬
‫החסיד‬ ‫יהודה‬"
‫או‬"‫החורבה‬"
‫ה‬ ‫תולדות‬-"‫חורבה‬"
7
8
9
1948
10
1967
11
12
Ya’akov Solomon
Ram & Ada Karmi
Moshe Safdie
Levi Eshkol
Teddy Kollek
LOUIS ISADORE KAHN
LOUIS ISADORE KAHN, THE HURVA SYNAGOGUE PROJECT, JERUSALEM, 1967-1974
13
14
It is absurd to reconstruct the Hurva as if nothing had
happened. If we have the desire to rebuild it, let’s have
the courage to have a great architect to do it.
Should we in the Jewish Quarter have a building of major
importance which competes with the Mosque and the Holy
Sepulcher, and should we […] have a building which could
compete in importance with the Western Wall of the Temple?
15
19671965
REUNIFICATION OF JERUSALEM: 10 YEARS — HURVA SYNAGOGUE ARCH, 1977
16
1965
1969
1973
1978
1983
1989
1993
1996-1997
KENT LARSON, after KAHN
Computer Graphic Reconstructions, MIT
HURVAARCH, compared to reconstructed allegory, SYNAGOGA
17
LOUIS I. KAHN, THE HURVA SYNAGOGUE PROJECT, JERUSALEM, 1967-1974
TEMPLE OF JERUSALEM, after FERGUSSON
TEMPLE OF EDFU
18
YESHAYAHU ILAN, after SAM PHILIPE
SAM PHILIPE
1996-1997
1996
19
1996-1997
20THE JERUSALEM REPORT
NAHUM MELTZER, HURVA SYNAGOGUE, JERUSALEM, 2000-2010
21
‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬"
‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫בירושלים‬
‫של‬ ‫הרס‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬
‫בירושלים‬
‫סמל‬ ‫או‬ ‫פרויקט‬
‫כנסת‬ ‫לבית‬ ‫קשור‬
‫בירושלים‬
‫רב‬ ‫ביטי‬-‫משמעי‬
22
1977-2004
1721-1856 1857-1947 1948-1977
2000-20101996-1997
1967-1997
1996-2000
23
‫דתי‬ ‫מעמד‬-‫ה‬ ‫של‬ ‫גלותי‬-"‫חורבה‬"
1721
2010
‫פוליטי‬ ‫מעמד‬-‫ה‬ ‫של‬ ‫ממלכתי‬-"‫חורבה‬"
1721-1947 1948-1999 2000-2010
‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010:‫ה‬ ‫קיבלה‬ ‫כיצד‬-"‫חורבה‬"‫מיוחד‬ ‫מעמד‬?
24
25
BUILDING AND DESTROYING SYNAGOGUES IN JERUSALEM
THE “HURVA” METAMORPHOSES, 1721-2010
LUIS MARIANO AKERMAN
RESOURCES
Akerman, Luis Mariano. “La Sinagoga Hurva en el proyecto de Louis Kahn,” Ideas en Arquitectura,
ed. Alfonso Corona Martínez, Vol. 1, No. 1, Buenos Aires: Universidad de Belgrano, March 1997,
pp. 6-9, http://hola-akermariano.blogspot.com/2013/07/ub.html
–––––. “The Evocative Character of Louis Kahn’s Hurva Synagogue Project, 1967-74” (1996),
in: The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art, ed. Bianca Kühnel, Jerusalem:
CJA, 1997-98, pp. 245-53; http://akermariano.blogspot.com/2013/10/hurva.html
–––––. “Jadis et aujourd’hui: art et identité dans le pays du lait et du miel,” À la page: revue
culturelle de langue française, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jerusalem, 2018, pp. 40-43,
https://www.academia.edu/36196653/Jadis_et_aujourdhui_art_et_identit%C3%A9_dans_le_pays
_du_lait_et_du_miel
Álvarez Prozorovich, Fernando. “Synagoga Hurva” (2009), Història em Obres, 5, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2012,
http://www.historiaenobres.net/ficha.php?idioma=es&id=62
Ben-Eliezer, Shimon. Destruction and Renewal: The Synagogues of the Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem,
1975
Breffny, Brian de. The Synagogue, Jerusalem, 1978
Brownlee, David B., and David De Long. Louis I. Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture, Los Angeles
and New York: The Museum of Contemporary Art and Rizzoli, 1991
Collins, Larry, and Dominique Lapierre. O Jerusalem!, Pan Books, 1973
Gilbert, Martin. Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City, Chatto & Windus, 1985
Giurgola, Romualdo, and Jaimini Metha, Louis I. Kahn, Zurich, 1975
Green, David. “From the Ruins: A Master Architect’s Attempt to Rebuild on Sacred Ground,” The
Boston Globe, 29 February 2004
Horovitz, Aharon. Jerusalem: Footsteps through Time, Feldheim, 2000
Kahn, Louis I. “Order Is,” 1960, http://documenta-akermariano.blogspot.com/2011/03/louis-
kahn.html
Kochav, Sarah. Israel, Barcelona: Folio, 2005
Kollek, T. Letter to Louis Kahn, 29 August 1968; Kahn Collection, Correspondence, 030.II.A.39.1
Kroyanker, David. Jerusalem: Planning and Developments, Jerusalem, 1985
Larson, Kent. “A Virtual Landmark,” Progressive Architecture, September 1993, pp. 80-87
–––––. Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, Massachusetts: Nueva York, Monacelli, 2000
Levin, Michael, ed. Hurvat Rabbi Yehuda ha-Hassid: Building and Aims in a Renovating Area: A
Debate, Jerusalem, 29 August 1978
Lobell, John. Between Silence and Light: Spirit in the Architecture of Louis I. Kahn, Boston,
Massachusetts, 1979
Lowenberg, Meir. “Did Maimonides really pray on the Temple Mount?,” The Jewish Magazine,
October 2012
Maoz, Moshe. Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period, Magnes, 1975
Melton, J. Gordon. Faiths across Time, ABC-CLIO, 2014
Millgram, Abraham Ezra. Jerusalem Curiosities, Jewish Publication Society, 1990
Morgenstern, Arie. Hastening Redemption, Oxford University, 2006
Morris, Benny. 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Oxford University, 2008
Muñoz, Juan Miguel. “Jerusalén levanta por tercera vez la mítica sinagoga de Ruina,” El País,
International Edition, Madrid, 10 February 2010,
https://elpais.com/internacional/2010/02/10/actualidad/1265756412_850215.html
Nitzan-Shiftan, Alona. “On Concrete and Stone: Shifts and Conflicts in Israeli Architecture,” TDSR,
21/1, 2009, pp. 51-65, http://iaste.berkeley.edu/pdfs/21.1e-Fall09Nitzan-Shiftan.pdf
Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Arquitectura occidental, Barcelona: Gili, 1985
Revill, Paul. “The Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem: Louis Kahn’s Response to Traditions in
Architecture,” dissertation manuscript, Cambridge University, 1987
Ricca, Simone. Reinventing Jerusalem, Tauris, 2007
Safdie, Moshe. The Future of the Past, Houghton Mifflin, 1989
Sakr, Yasid Mohammad. The Subversive Utopia: Louis Kahn and the Question of the National Jewish
Style in Jerusalem, partial dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1996
Shragai, Nadav. “Byzantine Arch found at Site of Renovated Jerusalem Synagogue,” Haaretz, 5 May
2008
Shulman, Yaakov. Pathway to Jerusalem: The Travel Letters of Rabbi Ovadiah of Bartenura, CIS,
1992
Slae, Bracha, Ruth Kark and Noam Shoval. “Postwar Reconstruction and Conservation of the
Historic Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem, 1967-1975,” Planning Perspectives, 27/3, July 2012, pp. 369-
392
“The Hurva Synagogue,” Rova Yehudi, The Company for the Reconstruction and Development for
the Jewish Quarter and the Old City of Jerusalem, https://www.rova-yehudi.org.il/sites/the-hurva-
synagogue/ [10.12.18]
Valle, Lawrence, and Thomas Campanella. The Resilient City, Oxford University, 2005
Wigoder, Geoffrey. The Story of the Synagogue, London, 1986

Eureka

  • 1.
    ‫לחוקרים‬ ‫פורום‬,‫כללית‬ ‫להיסטוריה‬‫המחלקה‬,‫בר‬ ‫אוניברסיטת‬-‫אילן‬,24.12.18—‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬ 1
  • 2.
    ‫לחקרים‬ ‫פורום‬,‫כללית‬ ‫להיסטוריה‬‫המחלקה‬,‫בר‬ ‫אוניברסיטת‬-‫אילן‬,24.12.18—‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בתי‬ ‫והרס‬ ‫בנייה‬:‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010 2
  • 3.
    ‫ה‬ ‫קיבלה‬ ‫כיצד‬-"‫חורבה‬"‫מיוחד‬‫מעמד‬? ‫בירושלים‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בתי‬ ‫והרס‬ ‫בנייה‬:‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010 ‫קולוקוויום‬,24.12.18|‫אקרמן‬ ‫מריאנו‬ 3
  • 4.
  • 5.
    "‫חורבה‬" ‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫של‬‫הרס‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫פרויקט‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫לירושלים‬ 5
  • 6.
    19481474 2010185717211700c. 1300 Ovadiahben Abraham Bartenura, 1488 Kollek, 1965, Kahn, 1967; Reznik, 1978; Millgram, 1990; Akerman, 1996; Horovitz, 2000 ‫האשכנזי‬ ‫החצר‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" 6
  • 7.
    1700-1720 1721-1856 1864-1947 1948-1966 2000-2010 19481721 1857-1864 1967-1999 ‫פרויקטים‬ ‫לבניית‬ ‫ודיונים‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫של‬‫בנייה‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫של‬ ‫הזהב‬ ‫תור‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫פיצוץ‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫חורבה‬ ‫הינו‬ ‫של‬ ‫שריפה‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫החורבה‬ ‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬ ‫של‬ ‫הכנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫יהודה‬ ‫רבי‬ ‫החסיד‬ ‫הרוס‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ "‫רבי‬ ‫חורבת‬ ‫החסיד‬ ‫יהודה‬" ‫או‬"‫החורבה‬" ‫ה‬ ‫תולדות‬-"‫חורבה‬" 7
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
    12 Ya’akov Solomon Ram &Ada Karmi Moshe Safdie Levi Eshkol Teddy Kollek LOUIS ISADORE KAHN
  • 13.
    LOUIS ISADORE KAHN,THE HURVA SYNAGOGUE PROJECT, JERUSALEM, 1967-1974 13
  • 14.
    14 It is absurdto reconstruct the Hurva as if nothing had happened. If we have the desire to rebuild it, let’s have the courage to have a great architect to do it. Should we in the Jewish Quarter have a building of major importance which competes with the Mosque and the Holy Sepulcher, and should we […] have a building which could compete in importance with the Western Wall of the Temple?
  • 15.
  • 16.
    REUNIFICATION OF JERUSALEM:10 YEARS — HURVA SYNAGOGUE ARCH, 1977 16 1965 1969 1973 1978 1983 1989 1993
  • 17.
    1996-1997 KENT LARSON, afterKAHN Computer Graphic Reconstructions, MIT HURVAARCH, compared to reconstructed allegory, SYNAGOGA 17
  • 18.
    LOUIS I. KAHN,THE HURVA SYNAGOGUE PROJECT, JERUSALEM, 1967-1974 TEMPLE OF JERUSALEM, after FERGUSSON TEMPLE OF EDFU 18
  • 19.
    YESHAYAHU ILAN, afterSAM PHILIPE SAM PHILIPE 1996-1997 1996 19
  • 20.
  • 21.
    NAHUM MELTZER, HURVASYNAGOGUE, JERUSALEM, 2000-2010 21
  • 22.
    ‫ה‬-"‫חורבה‬" ‫של‬ ‫בנייה‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫של‬‫הרס‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫בית‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫סמל‬ ‫או‬ ‫פרויקט‬ ‫כנסת‬ ‫לבית‬ ‫קשור‬ ‫בירושלים‬ ‫רב‬ ‫ביטי‬-‫משמעי‬ 22
  • 23.
  • 24.
    ‫דתי‬ ‫מעמד‬-‫ה‬ ‫של‬‫גלותי‬-"‫חורבה‬" 1721 2010 ‫פוליטי‬ ‫מעמד‬-‫ה‬ ‫של‬ ‫ממלכתי‬-"‫חורבה‬" 1721-1947 1948-1999 2000-2010 ‫ה‬ ‫גלגולי‬-"‫חורבה‬",1721-2010:‫ה‬ ‫קיבלה‬ ‫כיצד‬-"‫חורבה‬"‫מיוחד‬ ‫מעמד‬? 24
  • 25.
    25 BUILDING AND DESTROYINGSYNAGOGUES IN JERUSALEM THE “HURVA” METAMORPHOSES, 1721-2010 LUIS MARIANO AKERMAN RESOURCES Akerman, Luis Mariano. “La Sinagoga Hurva en el proyecto de Louis Kahn,” Ideas en Arquitectura, ed. Alfonso Corona Martínez, Vol. 1, No. 1, Buenos Aires: Universidad de Belgrano, March 1997, pp. 6-9, http://hola-akermariano.blogspot.com/2013/07/ub.html –––––. “The Evocative Character of Louis Kahn’s Hurva Synagogue Project, 1967-74” (1996), in: The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian and Islamic Art, ed. Bianca Kühnel, Jerusalem: CJA, 1997-98, pp. 245-53; http://akermariano.blogspot.com/2013/10/hurva.html –––––. “Jadis et aujourd’hui: art et identité dans le pays du lait et du miel,” À la page: revue culturelle de langue française, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jerusalem, 2018, pp. 40-43, https://www.academia.edu/36196653/Jadis_et_aujourdhui_art_et_identit%C3%A9_dans_le_pays _du_lait_et_du_miel Álvarez Prozorovich, Fernando. “Synagoga Hurva” (2009), Història em Obres, 5, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2012, http://www.historiaenobres.net/ficha.php?idioma=es&id=62 Ben-Eliezer, Shimon. Destruction and Renewal: The Synagogues of the Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem, 1975 Breffny, Brian de. The Synagogue, Jerusalem, 1978 Brownlee, David B., and David De Long. Louis I. Kahn: In the Realm of Architecture, Los Angeles and New York: The Museum of Contemporary Art and Rizzoli, 1991 Collins, Larry, and Dominique Lapierre. O Jerusalem!, Pan Books, 1973 Gilbert, Martin. Jerusalem: Rebirth of a City, Chatto & Windus, 1985 Giurgola, Romualdo, and Jaimini Metha, Louis I. Kahn, Zurich, 1975 Green, David. “From the Ruins: A Master Architect’s Attempt to Rebuild on Sacred Ground,” The Boston Globe, 29 February 2004 Horovitz, Aharon. Jerusalem: Footsteps through Time, Feldheim, 2000 Kahn, Louis I. “Order Is,” 1960, http://documenta-akermariano.blogspot.com/2011/03/louis- kahn.html Kochav, Sarah. Israel, Barcelona: Folio, 2005 Kollek, T. Letter to Louis Kahn, 29 August 1968; Kahn Collection, Correspondence, 030.II.A.39.1 Kroyanker, David. Jerusalem: Planning and Developments, Jerusalem, 1985 Larson, Kent. “A Virtual Landmark,” Progressive Architecture, September 1993, pp. 80-87 –––––. Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, Massachusetts: Nueva York, Monacelli, 2000 Levin, Michael, ed. Hurvat Rabbi Yehuda ha-Hassid: Building and Aims in a Renovating Area: A Debate, Jerusalem, 29 August 1978 Lobell, John. Between Silence and Light: Spirit in the Architecture of Louis I. Kahn, Boston, Massachusetts, 1979 Lowenberg, Meir. “Did Maimonides really pray on the Temple Mount?,” The Jewish Magazine, October 2012 Maoz, Moshe. Studies on Palestine during the Ottoman Period, Magnes, 1975 Melton, J. Gordon. Faiths across Time, ABC-CLIO, 2014 Millgram, Abraham Ezra. Jerusalem Curiosities, Jewish Publication Society, 1990 Morgenstern, Arie. Hastening Redemption, Oxford University, 2006 Morris, Benny. 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, Oxford University, 2008 Muñoz, Juan Miguel. “Jerusalén levanta por tercera vez la mítica sinagoga de Ruina,” El País, International Edition, Madrid, 10 February 2010, https://elpais.com/internacional/2010/02/10/actualidad/1265756412_850215.html Nitzan-Shiftan, Alona. “On Concrete and Stone: Shifts and Conflicts in Israeli Architecture,” TDSR, 21/1, 2009, pp. 51-65, http://iaste.berkeley.edu/pdfs/21.1e-Fall09Nitzan-Shiftan.pdf Norberg-Schulz, Christian. Arquitectura occidental, Barcelona: Gili, 1985 Revill, Paul. “The Hurva Synagogue, Jerusalem: Louis Kahn’s Response to Traditions in Architecture,” dissertation manuscript, Cambridge University, 1987 Ricca, Simone. Reinventing Jerusalem, Tauris, 2007 Safdie, Moshe. The Future of the Past, Houghton Mifflin, 1989 Sakr, Yasid Mohammad. The Subversive Utopia: Louis Kahn and the Question of the National Jewish Style in Jerusalem, partial dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1996 Shragai, Nadav. “Byzantine Arch found at Site of Renovated Jerusalem Synagogue,” Haaretz, 5 May 2008 Shulman, Yaakov. Pathway to Jerusalem: The Travel Letters of Rabbi Ovadiah of Bartenura, CIS, 1992 Slae, Bracha, Ruth Kark and Noam Shoval. “Postwar Reconstruction and Conservation of the Historic Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem, 1967-1975,” Planning Perspectives, 27/3, July 2012, pp. 369- 392 “The Hurva Synagogue,” Rova Yehudi, The Company for the Reconstruction and Development for the Jewish Quarter and the Old City of Jerusalem, https://www.rova-yehudi.org.il/sites/the-hurva- synagogue/ [10.12.18] Valle, Lawrence, and Thomas Campanella. The Resilient City, Oxford University, 2005 Wigoder, Geoffrey. The Story of the Synagogue, London, 1986