The document provides information on the European Union (EU) and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). It states that the EU is a partnership between 27 European countries with 447 million people, established by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Its objectives include increasing political cooperation, economic integration through the euro currency, and unified security and foreign policy. APEC was established in 1989 and includes 21 Pacific Rim member countries, aiming to promote free trade in the Asia-Pacific region through pillars of trade liberalization, business facilitation, and economic cooperation.

1. European Union
&
APEC
pradhumn tamrakar
&
kajal bansal
Presentation by :-

2. European union
• It is a partnership between 27 European
countries.
• 27 European countries or member states
• Eu is home to around 447 million people
which is around 6% of the world’s
population
• Created by Maastricht treaty on November
1, 1993
• 19 countries share the euro as their official
currency

3. 27 Member states
1. Austria
2. Belgium
3. Bulgaria
4. Croatia
5. Cyprus
6. Czech republic
7. Denmark
8. Estonia
9. finland
10. France
11. Germany
12. Greece
13. Hungary
14. Ireland
15. Italy
16. Latvia
17. Lithuania
18. Luxembourg
19. Malta
20. Netherlands
21. Poland
22. Portuga
23. Romania
24. Slovakia
25. Slovenia
26. spain
27. sweden

5. European union - objectives
• To increase political cooperation
• To enhance economic integration by creating
a single currency the euro
• Unified security and foreign policy
• Common citizenship rights
• Enhanced cooperation in the areas of
judiciary, immigration, and asylum

6. Purpose of European
union
• Promote peace
• Establish a unified economic & monetary
system
• Promote inclusion & combat discrimination
• Break down barriers to trade & borders
• Encourage technological & scientific
development

7. APEC
• Stands for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
• Established in 1989, Founder – Bob Hawke (Australian
PM/Politician)
• Regional Economic Forum of 21 Pacific Rim member
countries
• India is not a member, it has observe states
• Headquarter in Singapore
• Aim to promote free trade throughout the Asia
Pacific Region

8. 21 Member Economic
1. Australia
2. Canada
3. Thailand
4. Malaysia
5. Mexico
6. New Zealand
7. Hong kong
8. Japan
9. singapore
10. Vietnam
11. Peru
12. Papua New Guinea
13. Indonesia
14. Chile
15. People’s republic of
china
16. Republic of Philippines
17. Russian federation
18. Usa
19. Republic of korea
20. Chinese taiper
21. Brunei darussalam

10. Why was apec established?
• In response to growing interdependence of asia
pacific economies.
• Fear that highly industrialized japan would
dominate economic activity in asia pacific region.
• To establish new markets for agricultural
products & raw materials beyond Europe.

11. Apec structure
• Based on both “bottom-up” & “top-down” approach.
• 4 core committees & their respective working groups
• Member economics participate on basis of open
dialogue i.e. decision making is reached by consensus.
No binding commitments / obligations.
• Commitments taken on voluntary basis.

13. How this goal is achieved
through 3 pillars of apec?
1. trade & investment liberalization
2. Business facilitation
3. Economic & technical cooperation

14. Functions of apec
• Digital skills in rural areas
• Helping women export their products aboard
• Initiative to increase energy efficiency
• Recognizing impacts of climate change
• Addressing terrorism
• Planning for pandemic
• Ensuring disaster resilience

15. Thank You!