This document summarizes a study on the ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Bangladesh. The study found that while around 80% of retailers find it unethical to sell to minors, economic constraints influence their decisions. Minors represent 37% of the tobacco market, which is growing at 16% annually. Most retailers are young, poorly educated males operating small shops. Over 60% of minor smokers are adolescents influenced to smoke by peers and passive smoking at home. While laws aim to reduce smoking, various social and economic factors contribute to the continued growth of tobacco use in Bangladesh.
The document discusses the ethics of the tobacco industry and the health impacts of smoking. It notes that by age 11, 1/3 of children have experimented with smoking, and by age 16, 2/3 have. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for respiratory diseases, ear infections, and school absences. While tobacco advertising is banned from sponsorship in some countries, the industry still finds ways to promote its products and influence consumption levels. Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion can help reduce tobacco use nationally, but constant vigilance is still needed against industry workarounds.
investing in Tobacco Company is ethical or not ?Fatima Aljaidi
Investing in tobacco companies is controversial due to health and social impacts. While it provides economic benefits like tax revenue and jobs, tobacco also causes serious health issues like cancer. Kids who smoke face reduced lung growth. Additionally, tobacco farming practices can exploit workers. From a utilitarian perspective, investing in tobacco hurts individuals, families, children and the environment, while helping investors and the economy in the short-term. The social responsibilities in tobacco investment must be considered.
11.ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarette to minorsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Bangladesh. The study found that while 80% of retailers feel it is unethical to sell to minors, many feel economically constrained to do so due to minors representing 37% of the market. The majority of retailers are young, poorly educated males operating small shops. The study concludes that in addition to laws and regulations, efforts are needed in mass awareness, education, and restricting youth access to tobacco products to effectively reduce smoking rates among minors.
Everest Ecig is launching a new brand of disposable electronic cigarettes in New Jersey. They conducted market research and a SWOT analysis to develop a marketing strategy. Their target market is male smokers aged 19-54 who are temporarily unemployed or students making less than $25k. Their mission is to provide a healthier smoking alternative using American-made e-liquid. Their strategy includes targeting bars and clubs through print ads, social media, and a website. They will evaluate advertising awareness and public perception to improve their strategy.
Raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco products from 18 to 21 will significantly reduce tobacco use among youth and young adults. Studies show that nearly all adult smokers begin smoking by age 18, so increasing the minimum age makes it harder for teenagers to access cigarettes. Data from communities that have raised the minimum age to 21 show significant decreases in smoking among high schoolers. The document outlines various studies and estimates from health organizations that predict raising the age will improve public health outcomes like fewer premature deaths and lower rates of infant mortality over time.
This document discusses policies to prevent youth smoking in Colorado. It notes that tobacco kills over 4,400 people in Colorado each year, and 80-90% of smokers start by age 18. The tobacco industry spends over $12.5 billion annually on marketing, including $170.7 million in Colorado. New nicotine products like e-cigarettes are also increasing in popularity among youth. The document proposes several policy options to reduce youth access and initiation, including increasing cigarette taxes, enacting retailer licensing laws, restricting flavored products and sales near schools, and updating the tobacco-free schools law. There is strong evidence that limiting youth access through these types of policies can effectively reduce smoking rates.
The letter urges the US Senate Committee on Health to pass a law banning all tobacco advertising. It summarizes research showing that tobacco advertising influences tobacco usage rates, especially among teenagers and young adults. Banning tobacco advertising would significantly reduce tobacco consumption and positively impact public health, as evidenced by other countries that have enacted such bans. The letter cites experts who argue that the tobacco industry strategically targets youth to replace smokers who quit or pass away, exploiting teenagers' need for independence, and that banning advertising would undermine this strategy by decreasing smoking initiation rates among youth.
This document provides background information on the rapidly growing e-cigarette industry in 2014. It discusses Reynolds American Inc.'s (RAI) acquisition of Lorillard, which owned the popular blu eCigs brand, as tobacco companies scrambled to enter the market. The uncertainties around regulations and consumer adoption posed challenges. The document also provides market share data, pricing comparisons of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, geographic sales breakdowns, and projections for industry growth through 2018.
The document discusses the ethics of the tobacco industry and the health impacts of smoking. It notes that by age 11, 1/3 of children have experimented with smoking, and by age 16, 2/3 have. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk for respiratory diseases, ear infections, and school absences. While tobacco advertising is banned from sponsorship in some countries, the industry still finds ways to promote its products and influence consumption levels. Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promotion can help reduce tobacco use nationally, but constant vigilance is still needed against industry workarounds.
investing in Tobacco Company is ethical or not ?Fatima Aljaidi
Investing in tobacco companies is controversial due to health and social impacts. While it provides economic benefits like tax revenue and jobs, tobacco also causes serious health issues like cancer. Kids who smoke face reduced lung growth. Additionally, tobacco farming practices can exploit workers. From a utilitarian perspective, investing in tobacco hurts individuals, families, children and the environment, while helping investors and the economy in the short-term. The social responsibilities in tobacco investment must be considered.
11.ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarette to minorsAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarettes to minors in Bangladesh. The study found that while 80% of retailers feel it is unethical to sell to minors, many feel economically constrained to do so due to minors representing 37% of the market. The majority of retailers are young, poorly educated males operating small shops. The study concludes that in addition to laws and regulations, efforts are needed in mass awareness, education, and restricting youth access to tobacco products to effectively reduce smoking rates among minors.
Everest Ecig is launching a new brand of disposable electronic cigarettes in New Jersey. They conducted market research and a SWOT analysis to develop a marketing strategy. Their target market is male smokers aged 19-54 who are temporarily unemployed or students making less than $25k. Their mission is to provide a healthier smoking alternative using American-made e-liquid. Their strategy includes targeting bars and clubs through print ads, social media, and a website. They will evaluate advertising awareness and public perception to improve their strategy.
Raising the minimum legal age to purchase tobacco products from 18 to 21 will significantly reduce tobacco use among youth and young adults. Studies show that nearly all adult smokers begin smoking by age 18, so increasing the minimum age makes it harder for teenagers to access cigarettes. Data from communities that have raised the minimum age to 21 show significant decreases in smoking among high schoolers. The document outlines various studies and estimates from health organizations that predict raising the age will improve public health outcomes like fewer premature deaths and lower rates of infant mortality over time.
This document discusses policies to prevent youth smoking in Colorado. It notes that tobacco kills over 4,400 people in Colorado each year, and 80-90% of smokers start by age 18. The tobacco industry spends over $12.5 billion annually on marketing, including $170.7 million in Colorado. New nicotine products like e-cigarettes are also increasing in popularity among youth. The document proposes several policy options to reduce youth access and initiation, including increasing cigarette taxes, enacting retailer licensing laws, restricting flavored products and sales near schools, and updating the tobacco-free schools law. There is strong evidence that limiting youth access through these types of policies can effectively reduce smoking rates.
The letter urges the US Senate Committee on Health to pass a law banning all tobacco advertising. It summarizes research showing that tobacco advertising influences tobacco usage rates, especially among teenagers and young adults. Banning tobacco advertising would significantly reduce tobacco consumption and positively impact public health, as evidenced by other countries that have enacted such bans. The letter cites experts who argue that the tobacco industry strategically targets youth to replace smokers who quit or pass away, exploiting teenagers' need for independence, and that banning advertising would undermine this strategy by decreasing smoking initiation rates among youth.
This document provides background information on the rapidly growing e-cigarette industry in 2014. It discusses Reynolds American Inc.'s (RAI) acquisition of Lorillard, which owned the popular blu eCigs brand, as tobacco companies scrambled to enter the market. The uncertainties around regulations and consumer adoption posed challenges. The document also provides market share data, pricing comparisons of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, geographic sales breakdowns, and projections for industry growth through 2018.
Raising the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 in Franklin County, Ohio would significantly reduce youth tobacco use and improve public health. Nearly all adult smokers begin by age 18, so increasing the minimum age makes it harder for youth to access tobacco. Studies show communities that have raised the minimum age to 21 have seen declines in youth smoking rates of nearly 50%. Doing so could help reduce health disparities and lower Ohio's high rates of infant mortality and smoking during pregnancy.
1) Each day over 3,000 kids try their first cigarette and 700 become daily smokers in the US, with over 250,000 new underage daily smokers each year. Nicotine addiction occurs faster than other drugs like alcohol or marijuana.
2) 90% of adult smokers began as teens, with two-thirds becoming regular smokers before age 19. Smoking during youth is associated with increased risk of other drug use.
3) Tobacco marketing influences youth smoking more than peer pressure. Kids are more susceptible to tobacco ads than adults, and tobacco companies spend over $24 million per day on marketing.
World No Tobacco Day is celebrated annually on May 31st to raise awareness about the health risks of tobacco use and advocate for policies to reduce consumption. Tobacco use is the second leading cause of preventable death globally and is projected to kill over 8 million people annually by 2030 if urgent action is not taken. On World No Tobacco Day in 2011, a walk and seminar were held at K E Medical University in Lahore to educate students and doctors about the dangers of tobacco and advocate for smoking bans in medical facilities.
This document discusses trends in youth smoking and factors that contribute to youth smoking rates. It provides statistics showing that thousands of youth try smoking or become daily smokers each day. Youth are more susceptible to addiction and long term health consequences of smoking. The document also discusses how tobacco companies advertise heavily to attract new smokers and how their ads communicate messages around popularity and fun. It outlines government attempts to reduce youth smoking through policies like the Tobacco Settlement and Family Smoking Prevention Act, which give the FDA more authority to regulate tobacco advertising and sales. Reducing youth smoking could help lower healthcare costs and improve public health.
Tobacco Use and Young people enaging young people in health & wellbeing campa...Kal Uba Ifegwu
The document discusses strategies to prevent tobacco use among young people in Tower Hamlets, London. It notes the local challenges of high smoking rates and cultural influences that motivate youth smoking. Recommended interventions include enforcing tobacco sales laws, school programs, social marketing campaigns, and making public places smoke-free. Local efforts have shown success in reducing illegal sales to minors and increasing the number of schools with strong smoke-free policies. The strategy aims to strengthen these programs and better engage young people in prevention initiatives through social media and youth-led messaging.
1) Tobacco is a plant that releases dangerous chemicals like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide when burned. It comes in various forms like cigarettes, chewing tobacco, pipes, and cigars.
2) Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and kills over 1 million people annually. It is linked to various cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
3) Children and non-smokers are negatively impacted by secondhand smoke which increases risks of lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging have helped reduce consumption in some countries.
Tobacco consumption kills nearly 6 million people each year according to the World Health Organization. Smoking involves inhaling smoke from tobacco and is most commonly practiced through cigarette smoking. The effects of smoking include suddenly raising blood pressure, reducing blood flow to organs like the heart and lungs, increasing risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Chewing tobacco and other forms of smokeless tobacco also carry health risks like cancer and leukoplakia. The WHO warns that if current trends continue, tobacco could cause one billion deaths in the 21st century and that quitting tobacco adds 20 years to one's life.
The American Lung Association is advocating for stricter regulations on e-cigarettes to be in line with traditional tobacco products. They want e-cigarettes included in smoke-free laws, taxes equivalent to tobacco, and sales restrictions to limit youth access and appeal. Currently, e-cigarettes are not fully regulated by the FDA and only two counties in Maryland have imposed restrictions on their use. The ALA is targeting voters, delegates, and youth to increase awareness of the health risks and minimal research on e-cigarettes in order to gain support for bills regulating them like tobacco products.
Tobacco groups challenge Australia's new law requiring plain packaging of cigarettes. The law aims to reduce branding and discourage smoking by eliminating the attractive effects of packaging. Tobacco groups argue the law will reduce their market share and competitive advantage. One year on, studies show plain packaging smokers find cigarettes lower quality and are less satisfied, increasing motivation to quit. However, tobacco sales have remained stable, with companies adapting to changing regulations. National laws can significantly impact marketing strategies in industries like alcohol, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals by restricting advertising practices.
High School Tobacco Industry Denormalization Presentation with Addiction 2013Kellie Milani
How does the Tobacco Industry work to addict youth to their deadly products? This presentation will give some insight into the marketing strategies of this evil industry. It will also touch upon the reasons why it is so difficult for people to quit using tobacco industry products.
- Altria Inc. is the largest tobacco company in the US, with 49.8% of the market, but cigarette sales volumes have been declining 3-4% annually due to health concerns, regulations, and social factors.
- Altria operates efficiently through restructuring and has strong cash flows, but faces risks from increased taxes, regulations, and potential bans on menthol cigarettes or e-cigarettes.
- The report recommends selling Altria stock with a $44.64 price target based on stagnant earnings growth forecasts and concerns about sustaining dividend growth given debt levels and revenue declines.
The document discusses how the tobacco industry aggressively targets and exploits the Black community through targeted advertising and promotion. Some key facts presented are that 20% of Black adults smoke compared to 22% of white adults, yet the tobacco industry spends little on cessation programs in Black communities. The industry uses images and sponsorships to portray smoking as sophisticated, sexually appealing, and a way to support the Black community, while in reality smoking kills over 45,000 Black Americans each year and costs the community billions in health costs and lost income.
E-cigarette marketing analysis based on European Lawmakers reject tight restrictions on e-cigarettes and the e-cigarette industry waiting to exhale by The New York Times.
Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Bo...ijtsrd
In Nigeria, adolescent tobacco use is also posed a significant problem that worries stakeholders at all levels. It was globally found that one in five students aged 13 to 15 years had ever experimented with cigarette smoking, and about one in ten students currently smoked cigarettes. This study, therefore, sought to examine the Influence of cigarette advertisements on smoking habits among adolescents in the Borno central senatorial district of Borno State, Nigeria. The study shall adopt a descriptive survey research design. The sample size determination formula developed by Cochran was used to select 385 respondents. To generate quantitative data, a research instrument was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, such as simple percentages and table presentation, are employed with statistical packages for social sciences SPSS, version 20 . The study found that the smokers listened to or watched cigarette advertising and how the media has been able to attract their attention and hold this population to Smoking. As a short time measure, government to revoke import licenses on tobacco and related products and regulate other supply chains. Sadiq Abubakar Mohammed | Dr. Kabiru Mustapha Yakasai | Yahaya Saleh Ibrahim "Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Borno Central Senatorial District of Borno State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52390.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52390/influence-of-cigarette-advertisement-on-smoking-habit-among-adolescents-in-borno-central-senatorial-district-of-borno-state-nigeria/sadiq-abubakar-mohammed
1) The document discusses electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Pakistan, including their rise in popularity as a potential smoking cessation method. It provides background information on e-cigarettes and reviews several studies on awareness and use in Pakistan and other countries.
2) The prevalence of smoking is high among youth and students in Pakistan. One study found 6.2% of medical students reported using e-cigarettes. However, data on e-cigarette prevalence and awareness in Pakistan is limited.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in smoking behaviors worldwide. Providing smoking cessation support, including for e-cigarette use, could help many motivated individuals quit successfully during the
A critique on Corporate Social Responsibility of the Tobacco IndustryMaxwell Ranasinghe
Tobacco companies engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities like disaster relief and education programs. However, these activities may be intended to improve their public image and help market cigarettes, rather than out of genuine commitment to social causes. Their youth smoking prevention programs often have the opposite effect by making smoking seem like an adult activity. CSR cannot make up for the lethal health effects of cigarettes, and tobacco companies should commit $1 billion to independent research on developing a harmless cigarette instead of using CSR as a defensive business strategy.
Spread & Ill effects of Smoking: A statistical & Infographical approachDhiraj Jhunjhunwala
1) The document is a research paper on the spread and ill-effects of smoking with a statistical and infographic approach. It includes an introduction, methodology, findings with statistics and graphs, data analysis, and conclusion.
2) The findings section shows statistics on men vs women smokers in India, world smoking statistics, graphs on smoking rates by age and cancer risk by cigarettes smoked. India has over 12 million female smokers, the highest of any country.
3) The data analysis notes the increased cancer risk with higher smoking consumption. India ranks 2nd in the world for smoking rates. Smoking causes the highest economic losses globally compared to terrorism.
This study analyzed tobacco smoking among different age groups in Sofia, Bulgaria. It found high smoking rates, especially among teenagers (44% of 13-19 year olds) and younger men (51.7% of men aged 20-40). Smoking places a large economic burden on both individuals and Bulgaria as a whole. The authors call for stronger tobacco control policies to reduce smoking rates and protect public health, especially among youth. Effective programs are needed to curb the tobacco epidemic and its social and economic costs in Bulgaria.
Financial losses in smoking and its consequences in bangladeshAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the financial losses and consequences of smoking in Bangladesh. It finds that smoking causes huge financial losses at the individual, family, and national levels. Direct losses include costs of tobacco production and purchasing cigarettes. Indirect losses include lost productivity, increased healthcare costs, and environmental damage. Smoking also has negative health consequences that impact families and society through increased disease burden and social issues like crime. The aim of the paper is to analyze these costs and impacts to discourage smoking in Bangladesh.
10 provocations on why FDA's regulation of tobacco and nicotine is failing the American public. My presentation to the US E-cigarette Summit 2022 in Washington DC, with bonus content of additional background slides added in.
Raising the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 in Franklin County, Ohio would significantly reduce youth tobacco use and improve public health. Nearly all adult smokers begin by age 18, so increasing the minimum age makes it harder for youth to access tobacco. Studies show communities that have raised the minimum age to 21 have seen declines in youth smoking rates of nearly 50%. Doing so could help reduce health disparities and lower Ohio's high rates of infant mortality and smoking during pregnancy.
1) Each day over 3,000 kids try their first cigarette and 700 become daily smokers in the US, with over 250,000 new underage daily smokers each year. Nicotine addiction occurs faster than other drugs like alcohol or marijuana.
2) 90% of adult smokers began as teens, with two-thirds becoming regular smokers before age 19. Smoking during youth is associated with increased risk of other drug use.
3) Tobacco marketing influences youth smoking more than peer pressure. Kids are more susceptible to tobacco ads than adults, and tobacco companies spend over $24 million per day on marketing.
World No Tobacco Day is celebrated annually on May 31st to raise awareness about the health risks of tobacco use and advocate for policies to reduce consumption. Tobacco use is the second leading cause of preventable death globally and is projected to kill over 8 million people annually by 2030 if urgent action is not taken. On World No Tobacco Day in 2011, a walk and seminar were held at K E Medical University in Lahore to educate students and doctors about the dangers of tobacco and advocate for smoking bans in medical facilities.
This document discusses trends in youth smoking and factors that contribute to youth smoking rates. It provides statistics showing that thousands of youth try smoking or become daily smokers each day. Youth are more susceptible to addiction and long term health consequences of smoking. The document also discusses how tobacco companies advertise heavily to attract new smokers and how their ads communicate messages around popularity and fun. It outlines government attempts to reduce youth smoking through policies like the Tobacco Settlement and Family Smoking Prevention Act, which give the FDA more authority to regulate tobacco advertising and sales. Reducing youth smoking could help lower healthcare costs and improve public health.
Tobacco Use and Young people enaging young people in health & wellbeing campa...Kal Uba Ifegwu
The document discusses strategies to prevent tobacco use among young people in Tower Hamlets, London. It notes the local challenges of high smoking rates and cultural influences that motivate youth smoking. Recommended interventions include enforcing tobacco sales laws, school programs, social marketing campaigns, and making public places smoke-free. Local efforts have shown success in reducing illegal sales to minors and increasing the number of schools with strong smoke-free policies. The strategy aims to strengthen these programs and better engage young people in prevention initiatives through social media and youth-led messaging.
1) Tobacco is a plant that releases dangerous chemicals like carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide when burned. It comes in various forms like cigarettes, chewing tobacco, pipes, and cigars.
2) Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide and kills over 1 million people annually. It is linked to various cancers, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
3) Children and non-smokers are negatively impacted by secondhand smoke which increases risks of lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses. Pictorial health warnings on tobacco packaging have helped reduce consumption in some countries.
Tobacco consumption kills nearly 6 million people each year according to the World Health Organization. Smoking involves inhaling smoke from tobacco and is most commonly practiced through cigarette smoking. The effects of smoking include suddenly raising blood pressure, reducing blood flow to organs like the heart and lungs, increasing risk of diseases like heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Chewing tobacco and other forms of smokeless tobacco also carry health risks like cancer and leukoplakia. The WHO warns that if current trends continue, tobacco could cause one billion deaths in the 21st century and that quitting tobacco adds 20 years to one's life.
The American Lung Association is advocating for stricter regulations on e-cigarettes to be in line with traditional tobacco products. They want e-cigarettes included in smoke-free laws, taxes equivalent to tobacco, and sales restrictions to limit youth access and appeal. Currently, e-cigarettes are not fully regulated by the FDA and only two counties in Maryland have imposed restrictions on their use. The ALA is targeting voters, delegates, and youth to increase awareness of the health risks and minimal research on e-cigarettes in order to gain support for bills regulating them like tobacco products.
Tobacco groups challenge Australia's new law requiring plain packaging of cigarettes. The law aims to reduce branding and discourage smoking by eliminating the attractive effects of packaging. Tobacco groups argue the law will reduce their market share and competitive advantage. One year on, studies show plain packaging smokers find cigarettes lower quality and are less satisfied, increasing motivation to quit. However, tobacco sales have remained stable, with companies adapting to changing regulations. National laws can significantly impact marketing strategies in industries like alcohol, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals by restricting advertising practices.
High School Tobacco Industry Denormalization Presentation with Addiction 2013Kellie Milani
How does the Tobacco Industry work to addict youth to their deadly products? This presentation will give some insight into the marketing strategies of this evil industry. It will also touch upon the reasons why it is so difficult for people to quit using tobacco industry products.
- Altria Inc. is the largest tobacco company in the US, with 49.8% of the market, but cigarette sales volumes have been declining 3-4% annually due to health concerns, regulations, and social factors.
- Altria operates efficiently through restructuring and has strong cash flows, but faces risks from increased taxes, regulations, and potential bans on menthol cigarettes or e-cigarettes.
- The report recommends selling Altria stock with a $44.64 price target based on stagnant earnings growth forecasts and concerns about sustaining dividend growth given debt levels and revenue declines.
The document discusses how the tobacco industry aggressively targets and exploits the Black community through targeted advertising and promotion. Some key facts presented are that 20% of Black adults smoke compared to 22% of white adults, yet the tobacco industry spends little on cessation programs in Black communities. The industry uses images and sponsorships to portray smoking as sophisticated, sexually appealing, and a way to support the Black community, while in reality smoking kills over 45,000 Black Americans each year and costs the community billions in health costs and lost income.
E-cigarette marketing analysis based on European Lawmakers reject tight restrictions on e-cigarettes and the e-cigarette industry waiting to exhale by The New York Times.
Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Bo...ijtsrd
In Nigeria, adolescent tobacco use is also posed a significant problem that worries stakeholders at all levels. It was globally found that one in five students aged 13 to 15 years had ever experimented with cigarette smoking, and about one in ten students currently smoked cigarettes. This study, therefore, sought to examine the Influence of cigarette advertisements on smoking habits among adolescents in the Borno central senatorial district of Borno State, Nigeria. The study shall adopt a descriptive survey research design. The sample size determination formula developed by Cochran was used to select 385 respondents. To generate quantitative data, a research instrument was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, such as simple percentages and table presentation, are employed with statistical packages for social sciences SPSS, version 20 . The study found that the smokers listened to or watched cigarette advertising and how the media has been able to attract their attention and hold this population to Smoking. As a short time measure, government to revoke import licenses on tobacco and related products and regulate other supply chains. Sadiq Abubakar Mohammed | Dr. Kabiru Mustapha Yakasai | Yahaya Saleh Ibrahim "Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Borno Central Senatorial District of Borno State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52390.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52390/influence-of-cigarette-advertisement-on-smoking-habit-among-adolescents-in-borno-central-senatorial-district-of-borno-state-nigeria/sadiq-abubakar-mohammed
1) The document discusses electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Pakistan, including their rise in popularity as a potential smoking cessation method. It provides background information on e-cigarettes and reviews several studies on awareness and use in Pakistan and other countries.
2) The prevalence of smoking is high among youth and students in Pakistan. One study found 6.2% of medical students reported using e-cigarettes. However, data on e-cigarette prevalence and awareness in Pakistan is limited.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in smoking behaviors worldwide. Providing smoking cessation support, including for e-cigarette use, could help many motivated individuals quit successfully during the
A critique on Corporate Social Responsibility of the Tobacco IndustryMaxwell Ranasinghe
Tobacco companies engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities like disaster relief and education programs. However, these activities may be intended to improve their public image and help market cigarettes, rather than out of genuine commitment to social causes. Their youth smoking prevention programs often have the opposite effect by making smoking seem like an adult activity. CSR cannot make up for the lethal health effects of cigarettes, and tobacco companies should commit $1 billion to independent research on developing a harmless cigarette instead of using CSR as a defensive business strategy.
Spread & Ill effects of Smoking: A statistical & Infographical approachDhiraj Jhunjhunwala
1) The document is a research paper on the spread and ill-effects of smoking with a statistical and infographic approach. It includes an introduction, methodology, findings with statistics and graphs, data analysis, and conclusion.
2) The findings section shows statistics on men vs women smokers in India, world smoking statistics, graphs on smoking rates by age and cancer risk by cigarettes smoked. India has over 12 million female smokers, the highest of any country.
3) The data analysis notes the increased cancer risk with higher smoking consumption. India ranks 2nd in the world for smoking rates. Smoking causes the highest economic losses globally compared to terrorism.
This study analyzed tobacco smoking among different age groups in Sofia, Bulgaria. It found high smoking rates, especially among teenagers (44% of 13-19 year olds) and younger men (51.7% of men aged 20-40). Smoking places a large economic burden on both individuals and Bulgaria as a whole. The authors call for stronger tobacco control policies to reduce smoking rates and protect public health, especially among youth. Effective programs are needed to curb the tobacco epidemic and its social and economic costs in Bulgaria.
Financial losses in smoking and its consequences in bangladeshAlexander Decker
This document summarizes the financial losses and consequences of smoking in Bangladesh. It finds that smoking causes huge financial losses at the individual, family, and national levels. Direct losses include costs of tobacco production and purchasing cigarettes. Indirect losses include lost productivity, increased healthcare costs, and environmental damage. Smoking also has negative health consequences that impact families and society through increased disease burden and social issues like crime. The aim of the paper is to analyze these costs and impacts to discourage smoking in Bangladesh.
10 provocations on why FDA's regulation of tobacco and nicotine is failing the American public. My presentation to the US E-cigarette Summit 2022 in Washington DC, with bonus content of additional background slides added in.
The document discusses tobacco taxation in India. It analyzes data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey from 2009-2010 which shows that 34.6% of Indian adults consume tobacco in some form. Tobacco consumption prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. The document estimates the number of smokers of different tobacco products and finds that there are over 274 million tobacco users in India. It analyzes own-price elasticities of tobacco products estimated in previous studies. A 10% price increase resulting from taxes is estimated to decrease bidi consumption more than cigarette consumption based on the relative elasticities of demand. Higher taxes could thus potentially reduce tobacco use and related health impacts while also increasing government revenue.
The document discusses tobacco taxation in India. It analyzes data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey from 2009-2010 which shows that 34.6% of Indian adults consume tobacco in some form. Tobacco consumption prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. The document estimates the number of adults who currently smoke cigarettes, bidis, and use smokeless tobacco. It also provides estimates of own-price elasticities of demand for different tobacco products. Using these elasticities, it analyzes how a 10% increase in tobacco prices resulting from taxation would impact tobacco consumption levels and government revenues.
Respect Vapers Ireland - webinar on tobacco harm reductionClive Bates
This document summarizes six key things to know about tobacco harm reduction:
1. Smoking prevalence remains high despite efforts. New reduced risk nicotine products like e-cigarettes can help obsolete cigarettes.
2. Expert reviews find e-cigarettes are much less harmful than smoking and can help smokers quit. However, risk perceptions are often exaggerated.
3. The public health benefit comes from addicted smokers switching to less harmful options, not from promoting e-cigarette use alone.
4. Policies should balance appropriate youth protections with supporting harm reduction for adults. Overly restrictive policies can backfire by perpetuating smoking.
African Harm Reduction Exchange - Dec 2022Clive Bates
The science behind Tobacco Harm Reduction …and how it impacts policy development and regulation
1. Smoking is the main problem
2. Smokefree products and science
3. Policy and unintended consequences
4. Innovation (and its enemies)
Financial losses in smoking and its consequences inAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the financial losses and consequences of smoking in Bangladesh. It finds that smoking results in huge financial losses at individual, family, and national levels. Direct losses include costs of tobacco production and purchasing cigarettes. Indirect losses include lost productivity, family problems, and high healthcare costs to treat smoking-related illnesses. The study aims to quantify these financial losses and identify the causes of smoking in Bangladesh in order to discourage smoking and reduce its economic impacts.
This document provides information on vaping and tobacco harm reduction. It discusses how smoking kills over 96,000 people annually in the UK and notes that median smokers lose 10 years of life expectancy. It then examines smoking prevalence data in different areas and populations in the UK. The document discusses evidence that vaping is substantially less harmful than smoking and may help smokers quit. It notes concerns that restrictive policies could perpetuate smoking. The summary concludes by outlining a framework for risk-proportionate regulation of tobacco and nicotine products.
Similar to Ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarette to minors (17)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
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Ethical dilemma of tobacco retailers in selling cigarette to minors
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
Ethics Pops up, Economy Constrains: Ethical Dilemma of
Tobacco Retailers in Selling Cigarette to Minors
Md. Tarikul Islam
Department of Finance & Banking, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
Email: kjworld_bd@yahoo.com
Abstract
The paper investigates whether there is any ethical dilemma for the retailers of tobacco products to sell
cigarettes to minors or not. With the study of secondary data and primary data coming from 60 retailers and
20 experts from Khulna City, Dhaka City, and Savar, the research concludes that in addition to the focus on
retailers, policy makers have to think about mass awareness, mass education, proper implementation of
laws, and availability of tobacco products to minors in order to reduce smoking by minors. Though not
spontaneous, around 80 percent retailers find it unethical to sell cigarette to minors who is now 37 percent
of the total market with 16 percent growth rate per year.
Keywords: Retailers, Ethics, Smoking, Minor Smoker, Tobacco Market, Bangladesh
1.0. Introduction
Globally, tobacco has long been representing the largest preventable cause of death. A hundred million
people died in the last century for tobacco-related causes (Zakaria, 2010) and this death toll will reach at ten
million people per year by 2030 (Peto and Lopez, 2001). Middle and low income countries like Bangladesh
are quite vulnerable to this (Zakaria, 2010) and tobacco related deaths in these countries might reach as
high as 70% (Zakaria, 2010; Peto and Lopez, 2001) of total tobacco caused deaths in the world. This figure
aware the various actors especially governments around the globe and some countries like USA, New
Zealand, Russia already started to regulate the tobacco market in terms of tobacco use, production, and
marketing while some other countries plan to introduce strict anti smoking laws and regulations soon.
Tobacco producers find it a real threat and start both lobbying (Twigg, 2008) and deceiving (PATH Canada,
2001) the market. They try to give a message to the regulators that they take enough care for the
non-smokers and minor smokers through deceptive but visibly positive campaign (PATH Canada, 2001)
and lobbying groups who lobby and make the system more volatile followed by the non-adoption of real
time functioning anti tobacco regulations (Twigg, 2008).
In Bangladesh, 18th and 4th highest tobacco producer in the world and South East Asia respectively, 43.3%
people (15 years and above) use tobacco in either smoking or other forms (GTSS, 2009). Smoking includes
44.7% men, 1.5% women, and 23% overall adult in the country (GTSS, 2009) while smokeless tobacco use
corresponds to 26.4% men, 27.9% women, and 27.2 overall adults in the country (GTSS, 2009). Common
smoking items include cigarette, Bidi, Hukkah while smokeless items include Zarda, Sada Pata, Gul etc. In
2004, World Health Organization (WHO) concluded that tobacco use is liable for 57,000 deaths and
382,000 disabilities in Bangladesh.
To reduce the continuously growing concern on tobacco use and health disaster, Bangladesh government
imposed ban on public smoking, cigarette advertising, and public display of tobacco products. But the
market responds in the opposite way; cigarette sales increase along with the rate of smoking over time.
Giant cigarette producers like British American Tobacco (BAT) has increased their sales target in
Bangladesh. Question arises why does it happen when there are lots of campaigns to make people
understand that smoking is just a waste of total resources at the end.
Exploratory research concludes that to stop smoking by mass, law can’t be the sole component to try with
for a meaningful conclusion in Bangladesh. It also suggests that availability of tobacco products through an
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2. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
well established supply chain, low level of mass education, lack of awareness, high unemployment rate,
young generation’s attraction to the tobacco products because of the seduction by friends, seniors, and
family members etc. are some of the major factors for which rate of smoking could not be reduced over
time in Bangladesh.
Two segments of smokers have been identified in the exploratory research. In one segment people do
smoke because they are already accustomed to it and it has become a habit of them. They treat smoking as
something routine in daily life. People mostly more than 18 years of age with own income fall in this
segment. Second segment includes new smokers along with amateur smokers, and infrequent smokers. A
significant portion of these new smokers is teenager and a significant portion of these teenagers is not yet
adult. Therefore the situation is a direct threat for the country because in Bangladesh tobacco related death
has been at an alarming height already with a red signal for future if the situation does not turn into
positive.
This research seeds light on the lower most part of the supply chain of tobacco products i.e. retailers.
Various social phenomenon contributing to the addiction of smoking have been ignored in this research
after a thought that it takes a large period to change a social system and therefore research starts from the
availability of the tobacco products with an inception that scarcity/unavailability of tobacco products might
bring a positive result at least in the short term in Bangladesh to reduce the smoking rate. Therefore
cigarette retailers are the focal point because of their ever-increasing role in the distribution system.
2.0 Methodology
The research incorporates both primary and secondary data. While varied journals, publications, research
reports, and Internet were the sources of secondary data, primary data has been collected from 60 cigarette
sellers selling cigarettes in Khulna City, surroundings of Khulna city, Dhaka City, and Savar. The
respondents have been interviewed face to face with a predesigned questionnaire (added in appendix-01) in
a simple random fashion. To enrich the inputs, data collection included observation of selling activities in
shops while collecting data. The research is enriched by the opinions of 20 experts that include medical
doctors, university professors, psychiatrists, and researchers in the field.
4.0 Results
4.1. An Expanding Retail Market Dominated by Young Uneducated Poor Male
Since the last couple of years tobacco industry has been facing lots of obstacles in doing business around
the globe including Bangladesh. But the players in the industry did not sit idle, rather they have modified
the situation in their favor and companies like British American Tobacco set their selling target highest ever
in Bangladesh (informal discussion with BAT employees, 2010). Retail outlet that keeps cigarette or start
keeping cigarette increases by 27% (survey, 2010) per year in the areas from which date have been
collected. Around 63% retailers are aged below 30 and around 12% of them are aged below 18 i.e. minors.
Therefore minors’ participation in retailing might not be alarming at this moment but bears the risk of
polluting the society because of the networks these minor retailers secure and thus deserves attention.
Around 95% retailers have been found male meaning that female participation in cigarette retailing is still
insignificant.
Tea stall and grocery shops are two major destinations for cigarette purchase and among the stores 90% are
permanent shops. Though shops are permanent in type, cigarette is not the main selling item in either tea
stall or grocery stores. Both of them keep cigarette as associated products because keeping cigarettes
increases their turnover, increases shop visits by customers, and selling cigarette requires small amount of
investment. In addition to that, these shops are small enough to depend on some regular customers which
amounts 200 per day and demand from these regular customers force the outlets to sell cigarettes. However
demand for cigarettes in these outlets is more or less constant. About 52% shops sell 20 or fewer packets of
cigarettes per day; combining this with the finding of 200 customers per day concludes that the sellers sell
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3. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
cigarettes by sticks, the main opportunity for the minors to buy cigarette. Around 80% of the retailers are
either illiterate or completed primary education only.
4.2. Minor Smokers Represent a Significant Market Segment
Observation and the interviews with the respondents conclude that around 37% of the total customers are
minor and 60% of the minor smokers are adolescents while the rest are aged below 13 years. This is a huge
risk for the community because minor smokers are mostly illiterate (41%) and poor (60%) meaning that a
vulnerable part of the society is exposed to more volatility. Though an insignificant number of minor girls
do smoke, the number is increasing day by day. Annual growth rate of minor smokers is about 16%, which
combined with the 37% market share fact allures the retailers to stay in this sector. Though there are varied
reasons why do minors start smoking, passive smoking at home was cited by most respondents, 65%.
4.3. Ethics pops up, Economy Constrains
The socio-cultural values in Bangladesh are supposed to stop people from smoking, but the reality is not
quite inline. Why do people smoke? Lots of researches have been done so far around the globe on this same
issue. That’s why this research skips that issue and rather focuses on the cigarette sellers to explore the
relationship in between the personal characteristics and thinking of the cigarette sellers and the ways to stop
overall smoking rate; most importantly smoking by minors in Bangladesh.
Study shows that around 35% retailers do smoke and 65% don’t smoke while 95% retailers sell cigarettes
to minors. Figures-01 & 02 (please refer to the end part of the paper) explains why retailers smoker or don't
smoke. The scenario becomes complex with the finding that 80% retailers think that selling cigarettes to
minor is unethical. Around 97% (58 out of 60) respondents claim that they don’t encourage minors to
smoke and they believe that minors do smoke with their own responsibility. But there is no proof that
retailers discourage minor smokers to smoke.
Surprisingly 20% retailers opine that selling cigarettes is ethical for them. They place more importance on
the survival of themselves and their family rather than protecting minors from smoking. Their family is
dependent on their income which comes partially from cigarette selling. This portion of retailers think that
without satisfying one’s basic needs at minimum, one can’t exercise individual ethics let alone societal
ethics. Figure-03 (please refer to the end part of the paper) shows some other reasons why some retailers
find selling cigarettes ethical.
However majority (80%) of the retailers think selling cigarettes is unethical. One of the reasons for which
they feel so is that they think smoking helps in morality degradation. Figure-04 (please refer to the end part
of the paper) presents the relevant details.
About 32% (19 of 60) retailers are willing to switch to other business conditioned to that the new business
will offer them same turnover at minimum. They care for a better and healthy society, but the majority
(63%) of the retailers refuse to switch because they think their switch will not produce anything positive
along with the fact that it will reduce the sales of the associated products like tea, coffee, betel leaves etc.
Around 5% retailers are indifferent. Figure-05 (please refer to the end part of the paper) describes the
scenario in more details.
On the other hand these retailers do not want to loose the market of minor smokers which is currently 37%
with an approximate growth rate of 16% per year. However 30% retailers say that stopping selling
cigarettes to minors will not affect their business while 70% say they would be affected.
5.0. Discussions
Study concludes in favor of the retailers’ moderate willingness to cooperate to minimize smoking especially
minors’ smoking in the country. But this willingness is not spontaneous, its kind of if required we would
help. Therefore, it might not be sufficient enough to stop minor smoking, but it can be the beginning step.
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
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One must consider the retailers’ side also; if they stop selling cigarettes their business with which their
survival is positively correlated is in jeopardy. Other measures can be added with this retailers’ willingness
to solve the problem. Probable measures include laws and regulation, mass awareness and education,
restrictions on retailers etc.
Development of new laws or regulations is of course important, proper implementation of the laws and
regulations is rather important along with a careful eye on the gaps in laws/regulations. Historically tobacco
producers take the advantage of the gray areas of laws and do their business quite strongly. It demotivates
the stakeholders like retailers to trust on law and they don't believe that law can be a solution. In
Bangladesh 85% (51 out of 60) retailers think that existing laws are not enough to stop smoking by minors.
They also doubt on the government intention to minimize the effects of smoking or tobacco business in the
country. Figure-06 (please refer to the end part of the paper) is an illustration of Bangladesh scenario.
Tobacco producers always try to deceive the market by offering various services, in their language to
discourage smoking. But question arise about their real intention. In Bangladesh, in July 2001, BAT
introduced ‘Youth Smoking Prevention Campaign’. The contents of the campaign are one 30 seconds TV
ad, three one-minute radio ad, billboard, and sticker. After introducing all the campaign elements, expert
raised the question about the intent of the campaign because from the campaign elements it’s very doubtful
what BAT actually wants to gain from it. In each advertisement smoking was portrayed as something
alluring and for adults only. Young people got stimuli from this campaign as all the young people especially
minors always dream to be treated as an adult. They become rather more attracted to smoking in their
pursuit of being adult. Although indirectly the campaign creates a gray area by presenting a theme that
smoking is for adult or a sign of adulthood. Through a billboard BAT tried to discourage the youth to
smoke. But in the billboard, the smoker was more visible, smarter looking, and lively compared to the one
who does not smoke. Who one should believe the young people will attract to? Unfortunately none of the
ad said smoking is bad for all.
BAT and other tobacco companies sponsor varied events including concerts in Bangladesh. The young
people mostly attend these events and tobacco producers always try keeping their image fresh and lively in
the memory of these young people. Because they want these young people today to be the replacement of
their current customer base one day in future. The companies are quite strategic to sponsor the events where
young people are the majority of the audience. BAT sponsors some educational programs like Battle of
Minds in the top business schools in Bangladesh. They also offer trees to the coastal area people for the
purpose of plantation at free of cost. All of these activities are corporate social responsibilities in their
language, but observations reveal that these activities refresh the memory of the smokers and create
smokers brand loyal to the BAT brands.
In case of Battle of Minds competition, trained BAT executives arrange some seminars and present the BAT
and its operations in such a way that business graduates feel at the highest level to work for BAT. They end
up with a very sweet memory of the BAT after the seminar. These executives never talk about the smoking
or the negative effects of smoking, but they refresh the memory by showing symbols, BAT production
images, images of delivery trucks containing logo of varied tobacco products etc. In case of tree plantation,
though it helps the environment, its claimed that its used for the promotional purposes. Experts argue that
because of legal restriction on public advertising, BAT adopted a new way of indirect advertising of
tobacco products. These companies know that the young people are affected (Efroymson, 2001) by the
lucrative and funny advertisements (PATH Canada, 2001) and use those to enhance or to create an image in
young minds, the very first step to grab/create a market. Government and the regulator have to consider
these micro level issues to find a success.
In Bangladesh because of the low rate of literacy people don't know the negative sides of smoking in full
details. Also government does not push the tobacco companies to reveal all the negatives effects of smoking.
Therefore, there is an ever increasing information asymmetry in the market which demands efforts toward
the mass level awareness development and enhancement of education. People start smoking mostly below
age 20 and the major introduction on smoking comes from family and friends. Therefore, in case of minor,
family and friends need to be more careful while they smoke. Academic institution should add tobacco
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Vol 4, No.2, 2012
related issues to the curriculum to discourage the people at young age by portraying the harms of smoking.
Government can force the tobacco companies put pictorial warnings on the cigarette packet. This has been
adopted by many countries including Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia etc. They got huge
success with this and focus on the installing new images when people get used to with the existing ones
(The New Paper, 2009). A study in USA, Canada, Australia, and UK by International Tobacco Control
found that pictorial warnings increase the knowledge of mass people about the harms of smoking (ITC,
2009). Another study by Elliott and Shanahan Research (2008) concluded that 77% and 75% respondents in
2005 and 2006 respectively find the pictorial warning important.
Media and other actors like NGOs, movie stars, politicians, reference groups in the society etc. can enhance
the mass awareness level. Prothom-Alo with their slogan ‘Say not to addiction’ earned attraction
countrywide while ‘we don't smoke’ slogan of couple of NGOs and anti smoking group Adhunik created
mass level awareness around the country.
Availability of the tobacco products contributes to the high rate of smoking in the country. Its really
surprising that with the increase of the cigarette price, demand for cigarette does not decrease. Rather it
creates opportunity for some other producers to enter into the market. For example, when the price of Gold
Leaf got increased, products like Sheikh, Star, Nasir Gold made their way into the market. Therefore
significant focus should be given to the supply chain of the tobacco products. In this research, while dealing
with retailers faction of the supply chain, it has been found that economic incapability of the retailers force
them to sell cigarettes to all including minors. Of course economy of retailers is an important issue, but the
long term survival of the nation should get more focus. These people are the direct contact for the
customers and they can create the difference in tobacco business. So the retailers have to be handled
properly to minimize the availability of tobacco products to minor. In many western countries like Sweden,
minors can’t buy cigarette without the help of others. These countries don't sell cigarette by stick and
retailers don't sell cigarette to young people without seeing their national ID containing date of birth.
6.0. Conclusion and Recommendations
Study suggests that the retailers are somehow bound to sell the cigarettes as without selling cigarettes their
earning decreases from both cigarette and the associated products. On the other hand, because of illiteracy
or ignorance, even though they don't like selling cigarettes to minors they sell and they can’t visualize the
negative effects of this in long term. Therefore, they have the moral support, but require strict law
enforcement and the development of mass level awareness. Total society has to work together; government
alone can’t succeed in this case. However, some of the specific recommendations are given in point.
• Ban should be imposed on selling cigarettes by stick. It will constrain minors’ economic
capability to purchase a packet of cigarette
• Visible display and public notices should be there to inform the mass the selling cigarette to
minors is prohibited
• Laws and regulations have to be implemented properly. Retailers must not sell cigarettes to the
minors
• If a retailer is found guilty of selling cigarette to minors, after initial punishment his/her right to
do business should be shut off
• It should be mandatory for the retailers to check the age in case they sell cigarette to young people
• Free and discount coupons of tobacco products should be banned as they encourage the minors
and young people to buy cigarette
• Comprehensive ban should be imposed on tobacco companies sponsoring any public event
References
British American Tobacco. (2001), “Be smart, a campaign for youth smoking prevention”, BAT Newsletter,
Dhaka
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
Efroymson, D. (2001), “British American Tobacco’s Youth Smoking Prevention Campaign: What are its
actual objectives? - Research and Analysis”, Work for a Better Bangladesh, Dhaka
Elliott & Shanahan Research. (2009), “Analysis of 2005/2006 Data: Initial Consumer Reactions to the
Graphic Health Warnings”, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing, Australia
Global Tobacco Surveillance System. (2009), “Global Adult Tobacco Survey: Fact Sheet Bangladesh”,
USA
International Tobacco Control. (2009), “Tobacco Warning Labels: Evidence and Recommendations from
the ITC Project”, Canada
PATH Canada. (2001), “British American Tobacco’s Youth Smoking Prevention Campaign: What are its
actual objectives?”, Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), Dhaka
Peto, R., & Lopez, A. D. (2001), “The future worldwide health effects of current smoking patterns”, Global
Health (pp. 1-7), Wiley
The New Paper. (2009), “Graphic warnings appear on Malaysian cigarette packs”, Malaysia
Twigg, J. (2008), “A Habit That’s Hard To Kick: The Evolution of Tobacco Control Policy in Russia”,
Russian Analytical Digest, Virginia
Zakaria, Z. N. (2010), “Costs of Smoking”, Weekend Magazine, The Daily Star, Dhaka
Md. Tarikul Islam: Born in Bangladesh, an Erasmus Mundus Scholar is a full time Assistant Professor in
Finance & Banking, interested in the research of multidisciplinary issues. As an admirer to the researches
with the vulnerable people, in addition to the business related issues involved in social science researches.
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
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7. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
Source: Primary data collection, 2010
Appendix-01: Questionnaire
Dear Respondent:
With an aim to determine the current condition of cigarette retailing and the role of ethics in cigarette
selling in Bangladesh we are conducting this survey as part of an academic research. Your co-operation will
lead us to a meaningful conclusion. Please read the following questions carefully and either fill up or put
tick (√) mark accordingly. Also please don’t hesitate to write any of your comments in the blank space.
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9. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.2, 2012
Personal Information
Name
Gender: o Male o Female
Age (years): o 18-30 o 30-45 o 45-60 o 60+
Marital Status: o Single o Married o Divorced o Widow
Education: o Illiterate o Primary (One o Secondary o Higher
to Five) (Six to HSC) (HSC+)
Location o Khulna o Dhaka o Savar
Business Information
Type of Business o Tea Stall o Canteen o Grocery
o Hawker o Cigarette Shop o Small Stationary
o Others (Please Specify):…………………
Monthly Turnover (BDT) o >2000 o 2000-10000 o 10000-20000
o 20000-30000 o 30000+
Outlet Type o Permanent o Temporary o Floating
Core Business o Cigarette o Others
Cigarette Buyers per day o >200 o 200-400 o 400-600
o 600-800 o 800-1000 o 1000+
Number of packets sold per day o >10 o 10-20 o 20-30
o 30-40 o 40-50 o 50+
Smoking and Selling Cigarettes
01 Do you smoke? o Yes o No
01(a) If YES why? (Please specify):………
01(b) If NO why? (Please specify):………
01(c) When you don’t smoke why do you let others to smoke by selling cigarette?
02 Do you sell cigarette to minors? o Yes o No
02(a) If YES
i). What percentage of your customers are minors?
ii) What is the growth rate of new minor customers per month?
iii) Why do you sell cigarettes to minors?
o It brings money
o Don’t bother about the issue
o If you don’t sell others will do
o Others (Please Specify):……………..
iv) Age pattern of minor cigarette buyers in years
o <7 o 7-10 o 10-13 o 13-18
iii) Gender of the minor cigarette buyers
o Male; Percentage…
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Vol 4, No.2, 2012
o Female; Percentage………
iv) Educational quality of minor customers
o Illiterate; Percentage………………
o Primary (One to Five); Percentage………………
o Secondary (Six to HSC); Percentage………………
o Higher (HSC+); Percentage………………
v) Family Background of the minor customers
o Homeless; Percentage………………
o Poor; Percentage………………
o Middle Class; Percentage………………
o Upper Middle Class; Percentage………………
o Rich; Percentage………………
vi) Who company the minor customers i.e. peer effects
o Come Alone; Percentage………………
o Come with peers; Percentage………………
02(b) If NO why?
o Minors will be addicted o It hampers study
o It encourages other minors o I don't want minors to smoke
o Smoking is harmful o It degrades morality
o Others:……………..
03 Do you think selling cigarettes to minors is ethical?
o Yes; why?................ o No; why?.................
04 Do you encourage minors to buy cigarettes?
o Yes; why?............. o No; why?...............
05 Does the sales decrease significantly if you don’t sell cigarettes to minors?
o Yes; why?............. o No; why?...............
06 With the available opportunity of other business having equal turnover, will you switch?
o Yes; why?............. o No; why?...............
07 Are the existing laws enough to discourage or stop smoking especially for minors?
o Yes; why?............. o No; why?...............
08 What new initiative do you suggest in this regard? ……….
Thank you very much for your co-operation!
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