Download to read offline
Uploaded byHristo Ivanov
Estonian ICT
Estonia, a European Union member with a population of 1.3 million, has made significant advancements in information and communication technology (ICT), resulting in a highly digitized society. Key indicators include 100% ICT-equipped schools, widespread use of e-services, and the introduction of a national electronic ID card, with 93% of the population holding one. Future initiatives aim to enhance services like e-receipts and cross-border e-services while ensuring high-speed internet access for all households.
Estonian ICT
- 1. Estonian ICT Reducing administrativeburden My name
- 3. Population: 1.3 Million Size:45 227 km² Capital: Tallinn Language: Estonian Member of EU Currency: Euro GDP: 17 BEUR
- 4.
- 5. Information society indicators 100% ofschools and government organizations are ICT equipped
- 6. Information society indicators 97% ofbusinesses use computers
- 7. Information society indicators 76% offamilies have computer at home
- 8. Information society indicators Entire countryis covered with a broadband connection
- 9. Information society indicators Four 3Gand 4G networks
- 10. Information society indicators 75% ofhomes have broadband connection
- 11.
- 12.
- 13. Information society indicators 99,8% ofbank transfers are performed electronically
- 14. Information society indicators 95% ofincome tax declarations made via the e-Tax Board
- 15. Information society indicators 25% ofvotes were cast over the internet on 2013
- 16. Information society indicators 66% ofthe population participated in the census via internet
- 17.
- 18. ID-Card 2002 - introductionof national electronic ID-Card More than 93% of the population has one Compulsory for all residents
- 19.
- 20. ID-Card Contains: Certificate for authentication (alongwith e-mail address Forename.Surname@eesti.ee)
- 21.
- 22. Mobile-ID Introduced in 2007 Enablessecure authentication and digital signatures via mobile phone
- 23. e-Services Digital Signature e-Pension Account e-Banking LandRegister Business Register State Portal Tax and Customs ID-Ticket e-Health Board Customer Self Service Portals e-Police e-School i-Voting
- 24. Estonian Information System X-Roadwas launched in 2001
- 25. Some achievements 2000: Launchof e-Tax Board 2000: Launch of m-Parking
- 26. Some achievements 2003: Launchof ID bus ticket 2005: i-Voting was introduced
- 27. Some achievements 2007: Launchof e-Police system 2008: Launch of e-Health system
- 28. Some achievements 2010: Launchof e-Prescription 2011: Smart Grid introduced 2013: X-road Europe
- 29.
- 30. 1996: Tiger LeapFoundation to support ICT in schools
- 31. 2001: Look@world starts tobuild 500 Public Internet Access Points
- 32. 2002, 2009 &2010: Computer usage courses for 10% of adult population under Look@world project
- 33.
- 34. e-Receipt Official e-mail =physical address Virtual Resident (e-Estonian) Cross Border e-Services
- 35. Using ID-Card as aloyalty card
- 36. EstWin: 2017: 100 MbpsInternet to every home
- 37.
Editor's Notes
- #10 2,6 GHz2500-2570 MHz / 2620-2690 MHz (Rx/Tx) FDD (LTE only)Elisa Eesti ASTele2 Eesti ASEMT AS2,1 GHz1920-1980 MHz / 2110-2170 MHz (Rx/Tx) FDD (UMTS only)EMT ASElisa Eesti ASTele2 Eesti AS1800 MHz1710-1785 MHz / 1805-1880 MHz (Rx/Tx) FDD (used for GSM and UMTS) EMT ASElisa Eesti ASTele2 Eesti AS900 MHz880-915 MHz / 925-960 MHz (Rx/Tx) FDD (used for GSM and UMTS)EMT ASElisa Eesti ASTele2 Eesti AS
- #12 http://www.wifi.ee/?p=area&lang=eng
- #13 When switching on light, we presume the room not to remain dark for long. When turning the taps, we get ready for the water to start running. Just as the right to drive on secure roads and get medical treatment belongs to every resident of the country, having instant access to internet has become a social right on its own. In Estonia, anyone can go to a state forest and extract birch sap from a birch tree. In here, internet access belongs to the same category: a choice to go online whenever one needs to, knowing that the access is always there.
- #14 In other words, this means that only 1% of bank transfers per entire country are performed by physically visiting the bank office. And those transfers are probably performed by the truly rich people – the time rich people.
- #15 In this case, the tax payer can log into the system, review the data in an already pre-filled form, implement any necessary changes and submit thedeclaration. In countries where tax declarations are still submitted on paper, it will take one or two days to collect data and filling it in.Estonian e-Tax system allows one to do it in less than 10 minutes. The motivation for people to declare taxes online is convenient, free of charge environment holding pre-filled data and governmental guarantee to payback overpaid tax in as short as 5 days.
- #16 In Estonia, voters can cast their ballots from any internet-connected computer. The i-Voting system carries a great potential for attracting more people to participate in elections – especially the younger generation, the people who travel around a lot, also soldiers and the citizens not permanently living in Estonia. Using your own computer as a polling station means that you don’t have to go looking for local polling stations or for an embassy whilst travelling or living abroad. In 2011, 24% of votes were cast over the internet and they came in from 105 different countries, Estonia included.http://vvk.ee/voting-methods-in-estonia/http://vvk.ee/voting-methods-in-estonia/engindex/statistics/
- #17 Estonia holds the world record in participation in census over the internet. In 2011, 66% of the population participated in the census – via internet. But actually! The 66% mentioned here could be easily rounded up to 100, since although the door-to-door census still took place, all the questionnaires people had to fill were still filled in on computers connected to the internet.http://e-estonia.com/news/12-06-05/estonian-e-census-winning-trust-and-breaking-world-records
- #18 In Estonia secure e-identity means a state provided ID-Card and mobile-ID, offering secure identification in an online environment. Similarly to the passport, the ID-Card can also be used as a travel document within the EU and in the Schengen Area.
- #21 Certificate for authentication stored inside the chip is a person’s unique electronic identity that can be used in digital environment.
- #22 Long time ago, long before digital watches or any kind of mechanics, people had to carve their personals signs of trust on stone and wood. Thousands of years later, quills and pens ensued. Certificate for digital signatureis the next thing in that very same line.
- #23 Mobile-ID shares the two main functions of the ID-Card – it enables secure authentication and digital signatures. But it comes with an added benefit – since you can do everything on your mobile phone, you won’t need an ID-Card reader. You can be away from your computer, travelling or just walking your dog, and only need a mobile phone to sign documents, perform bank transactions etc.
- #25 X-Road provides a distributed, secure, unified web-services based inter-organizational data exchange framework.Distributed and reliable - X-Road is a completely distributed, resilient system with distributed management.X-Road does not centralize the data and does not change the ownership of the data. The system is built to satisfy the highest security requirements. It does not have a singlepoint of failure. All components of the system can be doubled for resiliency against failures andattacks. Components that are available over shared or public network employ protective measuresagainst denial of service (DoS) attacks.Security Server - implements a security gateway for web-services. All web-service requests andresponses are digitally signed, time stamped, encrypted and archived by security servers.Adapter Servers - Adapter Server is a custom component that implements the web-services that will be shared viaX-Road. It contains the business logic of the particular X-Road service. Adapter server will query theregistry or information system using suitable protocol (e.g. SQL, EJB, SOAP, etc.) and transform theresults back into a web-services response.The platform for Adapter Server can be freely chosen by the organization to suit its existing platform and IT policies. Adapter Server have been successfully implemented on .NET, JEE, Python, various ESB and other platforms. Adapter Server provides a developer toolkit which consists of source codes, manuals, andtemplates for developing a needed adapter.X-Road is an open source software. This means that its owner knows the code it contains and no one from the outside has the power to set its own limits or regulations, or change something in its structure. X-Road is your own house without the landlord with double keys.http://www.ria.ee/x-road/
- #26 The launch of e-Tax Board became one of the main triggers in making people to communicate with the government over the e-channels with more confidence. With their personal motivation running high, people found their way to filling their online tax declarations really quickly. Thus, obtaining refunds within 3-5 days became the main motivator of using the e-Tax Board. Naturally, it also helped that from 2007, all businesses were required to use the e-tax system exclusively and the paper filing was abolished.
- #27 The ID bus ticket became the second biggest trigger in making people apply for ID-Cards. Since the Municipality of Tallinn decided on offering a 30% discount for the ID-Card holders, many people applied for their ID-Cards solely for that reason. Obviously, they later started discovering the other benefits that came with it. The fact that more than 90% of Estonians hold an ID-Card as we speak, can be actually traced down to a simple thing as bus ticket discount.
- #28 In Estonia, no driver is pulled over by the police without a reason. Every police car has a mobile workstation installed into it and a positioning system that allows the headquarters to track each car’s status and location. The police are allowed to send queries to police job related databases, such as the Traffic Insurance Fund, the Motor Vehicle Registration Center, the Weapons Register and the Population Register etc.Through the database, queries can also be made to Europol, Interpol and Schengen Zone’s information system. So, if the driver is pulled over, there is probably a reason. E-Police also plays a hand in wider-scale prevention work – for example, they can remind owners if their car is due to a check-up. All this counts for quicker response times and decreased road facilities, faster and deeper data checks and most importantly, an increase in security on and off the roads.
- #29 ― More than 90% of medicines prescribed in 2011 where e-prescriptions. The reasons behind this are not hard to track down. If you have a chronic disease, you can get a prescription renewal over the phone, e-mail or Skype. You can also call your doctor whilst on your way to the pharmacy and by the time you reach the counter, you already have your prescription waiting for you. The patient can also choose his specific brand of the prescribed medicine in the pharmacy since the physician has not fixed the brand but the active substance of the medicine. For the pharmacies, it means the end of deciphering the hard-to-read handwriting on the prescriptions and for the licensed doctors, it means instant access to the patient’s medical history and medicine purchases. Additionally, all this also helps to avoid drug misuse. For the state, it all comes down to a reduction in paperwork in hospitals and pharmacies, and a clear overview of goings-on in the field of pharmaceuticals.― By now, selling and buying electricity has moved from bigger industries into the field of personal homes. The people in the village of Kelvingi are already equipped with smart grid technologies enabling real-time energy consumption management and up to 25% savings on the energy bill.
- #30 Once upon a time, in the 90s, when the decision makers from the public and private sector made some right calls. The decision makers held the e-dimension strongly in the center of their vision. They saw what the country should be like, feel like, look like. That is to say – politics matter. The data exchange layer X-Road was used as the basis for the e-state to be created, and the electronic ID was implemented. In general, the decisions were based on pure pragmatics – the population and the country’s resources where not overly abundant. It was important to come up with something clever and wise. With that in mind, the infrastructure was built. Estonia based its digital infrastructure on the regular internet. Today, that is something which everyone has access to. By avoiding creating separate and specific data networks, people now have constant access to the services built for them.Another crucial step was taken – raising the awareness of the population. The knowledge ofusing technology and e-services were introduced to the people – to the system’s main and daily users.
- #32 For people who had no access to internet at home or no possibility to own a computer, public internet access points where built to 500 different spots over Estonia, including most of the libraries and post offices.
- #33 This is a picture of an Estonian Song Festival, one of the largest choir festivals in the world. It’s a tradition which helped the country through some rough patches in history and a festival which is once said to have an attendance of 100 000 people. 2002, 2009 and 2010 free computer usage courses and workshops were offered to a remarkable percentage of the residents – 10% of the adult population.
- #35 e-Receipt will throw the paper receipts you receive after your every purchase into the waste basket. After each purchase from every different place, you can see the overview of the goods you’ve bought. Additionally, all the warranties that come with specific purchases shall be listed in the system and there’s no more worry about losing your receipts. Of course, the benefits for the environment shall outweigh any human memory issues in this case.Every person in Estonia has been provided with an e-mail address which is only accessible with the ID-Card. If one activates one’s e-mail address – firstname.lastname@eesti.ee - it becomes the official means of communication with the state institutions for the rest of your life – that means no more envelopes that could go missing, no need to change your physical address if you move, no mail undelivered.All kinds of goods are imported – and exported, for that matter – on a daily basis. So, why shouldn’t state provided e-services be moving across borders as well? For example, the e-Business Register already allows entrepreneurs establish businesses in Estonia using just their ID-cards from Belgium, Portugal, Lithuania and Finland, and the list is growing longer, starting with all the EU countries.
- #36 Sorry, fine leather wallet producers. The time for wallets with tens of easily accessible card pockets will soon be over. When loyalty cards are currently use to identify the client, soon the ID-Card can be used as a loyalty cards all across the retail business.
- #37 Mostly in rural areas, fiber optic cables shall be dug into the ground to provide every home with a fast internet.
- #38 If the e-Government solution on itself has collectively saved 10-20 work hours for the ministers per week, then the number of hours devoted to more important issues on the table when it comes to collective usage of all e-solutions, even in one week, is probably more than a few thousand. Everything matters: people are not stuck in traffic jams or wasting time in queues to sort out some everyday administrative issues. With e-solutions, everyone wins.