The document discusses the economic substance regulations (ESR) for headquarter businesses in the UAE. Under the ESR, a company can be identified as a headquarter business if it provides senior management and assumes material risks for foreign group activities from the UAE. A headquarter business must also demonstrate substantive evidence of controlling relevant activities and risks. Core income generating activities that qualify a company as a headquarter include taking relevant management decisions, incurring operating expenditures on behalf of group entities, and coordinating group activities. Certain financial services companies are excluded from being considered headquarters under the ESR.