The document discusses different ways to express future actions and predictions in English using "will" and "going to". It separates uses of "will" into decisions made in the moment, expressions of uncertainty or doubt, and promises. It separates uses of "going to" into planned future actions and predictions based on known facts. Some examples given are "I'll have the pasta today", "I think he won't come", "I will start working out this year", "I am going to travel next week", and "They are going to get a good grade".