The document discusses the relationship between online public access catalogs (OPACs) and the web. It notes that library users now have many information sources beyond the OPAC. The presenters examine how semantic web technologies like linked data could improve discovery by allowing OPACs to incorporate curated web resources. They provide examples of existing linked data projects relevant to libraries and discuss challenges in applying these approaches to library data and systems.
This document summarizes Heather Lea Moulaison's presentation at the ASIS&T Annual Meeting on October 26, 2010. The presentation compared how geographic locations in the Muslim West are classified in the Dewey Decimal Classification system (DDC) and the Ibn Rushd Thesaurus (IRT). Moulaison analyzed geographic terms from the IRT related to the Muslim West and compared their classification to DDC. She found that DDC was able to provide close classification for over 80% of locations in Morocco and over 90% in Spain, suggesting it can adequately classify materials for a collection focused on the Muslim West. However, the IRT grouped locations by historical areas of conquest while DDC focuses more
This document provides background information and outlines a proposed study on developing digital libraries to provide access to cultural heritage materials for non-literate people in Morocco. It begins with an overview of the author's experience in Morocco and rationale for the study. It then reviews relevant literature on concepts of literacy, culture, cultural heritage and digital libraries. The document proposes research questions about how cultural usability and library and information science theories can inform the design of such a digital library system and interface. It concludes with an outline of the proposed ethnographic methodology for the study.
The document introduces Fixed-Analysis Adaptive-Synthesis (FAAS) filter banks, a new class of filter banks that uses fixed analysis filters and adaptive synthesis filters. It discusses the motivation for developing FAAS filter banks and outlines how they can be designed and applied to tasks like image compression and image resizing. Experimental results demonstrate the potential benefits of FAAS filter banks for compression and interpolation compared to conventional filter banks.
This document outlines a proposed framework for creating a cultural heritage digital library in Morocco to provide access to non-textual information for non-literate people. The author conducted a literature review on digital libraries in developing countries and on the culture of Morocco. An ethnographic study was also performed including informal observation, conversations, and content analysis. The findings from this research could inform the creation of a cooperative digital library between the US and Morocco called CAMEL, which would provide audio-visual cultural heritage documents in a way that is accessible to non-literate users based on the cultural context.
The document discusses the relationship between online public access catalogs (OPACs) and the web. It notes that library users now have many information sources beyond the OPAC. The presenters examine how semantic web technologies like linked data could improve discovery by allowing OPACs to incorporate curated web resources. They provide examples of existing linked data projects relevant to libraries and discuss challenges in applying these approaches to library data and systems.
This document summarizes Heather Lea Moulaison's presentation at the ASIS&T Annual Meeting on October 26, 2010. The presentation compared how geographic locations in the Muslim West are classified in the Dewey Decimal Classification system (DDC) and the Ibn Rushd Thesaurus (IRT). Moulaison analyzed geographic terms from the IRT related to the Muslim West and compared their classification to DDC. She found that DDC was able to provide close classification for over 80% of locations in Morocco and over 90% in Spain, suggesting it can adequately classify materials for a collection focused on the Muslim West. However, the IRT grouped locations by historical areas of conquest while DDC focuses more
This document provides background information and outlines a proposed study on developing digital libraries to provide access to cultural heritage materials for non-literate people in Morocco. It begins with an overview of the author's experience in Morocco and rationale for the study. It then reviews relevant literature on concepts of literacy, culture, cultural heritage and digital libraries. The document proposes research questions about how cultural usability and library and information science theories can inform the design of such a digital library system and interface. It concludes with an outline of the proposed ethnographic methodology for the study.
The document introduces Fixed-Analysis Adaptive-Synthesis (FAAS) filter banks, a new class of filter banks that uses fixed analysis filters and adaptive synthesis filters. It discusses the motivation for developing FAAS filter banks and outlines how they can be designed and applied to tasks like image compression and image resizing. Experimental results demonstrate the potential benefits of FAAS filter banks for compression and interpolation compared to conventional filter banks.
This document outlines a proposed framework for creating a cultural heritage digital library in Morocco to provide access to non-textual information for non-literate people. The author conducted a literature review on digital libraries in developing countries and on the culture of Morocco. An ethnographic study was also performed including informal observation, conversations, and content analysis. The findings from this research could inform the creation of a cooperative digital library between the US and Morocco called CAMEL, which would provide audio-visual cultural heritage documents in a way that is accessible to non-literate users based on the cultural context.
Pratt sils knowledge organization spring 2014PrattSILS
This document discusses cataloging and classification of indigenous and non-Western knowledge. It covers:
- The origins of indigenous cataloging in response to Eurocentric systems that did not adequately represent indigenous peoples. Efforts in Australia, North America, and New Zealand are described.
- Challenges of indigenous cataloging include marginalization, differing worldviews, separation from cultural contexts, and issues with assuming universality. Effective practices involve collaboration and an indigenous perspective.
- Cataloging of non-Western materials in the Soviet Union, which developed its own classification systems due to ideological differences from Western schemes. Control and censorship of library collections was common.
- Reconstruction of Chinese library classification and cataloging after periods of
This document discusses the call to decolonize international relations (IR) theory. It argues that merely adding subaltern or colonized narratives is not enough to truly decolonize the field. True decolonization requires transforming conceptualizations of knowledge and subjectivity. Knowledge is currently conceptualized as static and ahistorical in mainstream IR, but is actually fluid and situated. Dominant IR frameworks also impose imperialistic "maps" that obscure mutual constitutions and privilege Western states. To decolonize, these maps must be radically revised to acknowledge hybridity and mutual constitution. Transforming knowledge and subjectivity concepts could lead to conceptualizing the international as "thick" rather than a thin space between states, and accounting for multidimensional power
TESOL 2010 Luminary Session
Ulla Connor, PhD
Indiana Center for Intercultural Communication
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Bill Eggington, PhD
Professor and Chair, Linguistics and English Language Department,
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
The document discusses two digital humanities projects: the World of Dante project and the Tibetan & Himalayan Library. Both projects aim to represent entire "worlds" by contextualizing key texts. The World of Dante project uses maps, images, and categories to represent elements of Dante's Divine Comedy and the world it depicts. The Tibetan & Himalayan Library similarly represents Tibetan culture through media, knowledge maps of categories like rituals and economics, interactive maps, literature, and community contributions. Students are then asked to complete exercises exploring representations of characters in Dante, images of rituals in Tibetan culture, and other elements of the two projects.
This document discusses the colonial roots of language teaching methods and the need to move from nativization to decolonization. It makes three key points:
1. Traditional language teaching methods were developed during colonial times to serve colonial interests and marginalize local knowledge. They portrayed Western knowledge as superior and non-Western knowledge as inferior.
2. While world Englishes have successfully adapted the language, decolonization requires shifting control over language planning, teaching, and policies from Western to local professionals.
3. A "postmethod" approach is proposed as a way to decolonize English language teaching by decentering Western authority and restoring agency to local communities. However, fully realizing this approach faces challenges.
This document discusses the colonial legacy within libraries and systems of knowledge organization. It describes how libraries played a role in dismantling local knowledge during colonialism by promoting Western styles of literacy, language and values. Current practices like academic publishing and subject classification still reflect colonial biases by privileging English, Western topics and Christian viewpoints. Librarians' "vocational awe" can prevent critiquing these systemic biases and exclusions. Efforts are being made to decolonize practices and make knowledge systems more inclusive, but colonial inheritances remain embedded.
From cultural awareness to cultural heritageAna Monteiro
The document discusses building a framework for teaching materials on cultural awareness and cultural heritage. It argues that curricula should prepare students to respect cultural differences and appreciate diverse cultures. Teachers should develop self-awareness of their own culture first before teaching about others. When selecting cultural heritage sites to represent in teaching, it is important to consider which periods, groups and minorities are represented or omitted to avoid an imbalanced emphasis on majority cultures.
Regions as geographical learning resources in Higher Education: Using the loc...Prof Simon Haslett
Presentation by Simon Haslett, Professor of Physical Geography and Director of the Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching at the University of Wales, Newport. Given on 2nd September 2010 at the Higher Education Research Group 'Innovative Spaces of Learning' session at the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Annual Conference at their Headquarters at Kensington Gore, London.
A Student’s Guide to Reading and Writing in Social AnthropologyUkrit Chalermsan
This document provides guidance for students on reading and writing in social anthropology. It begins by explaining that the writing practices and conventions of anthropologists may not be transparent to newcomers. It then discusses different types of anthropological literature students may encounter, including essays, ethnographies, and theoretical chapters/articles. The document aims to demystify challenges students may face and help them engage effectively with anthropological texts.
The document discusses cultural awareness, cultural heritage, and cultural heritage education. It addresses aims to promote cultural awareness through developing abilities like observing and participating in other cultures. It notes the need to avoid an ethnocentric perspective and instead immerse participants in other cultures. Regarding cultural heritage, it finds an overrepresentation of certain periods, elites, religions, and regions in the European cultural heritage list. It questions whose heritage is represented and which groups may be forgotten. It raises how teachers can incorporate cultural heritage education and empower diversity through their teaching materials and curriculum.
[Akhil gupta, james_ferguson]_anthropological_loca(book4_you)marce c.
This document is the introduction to a book that examines the concept of "the field" in anthropology. It discusses how fieldwork has become central to anthropology both intellectually and professionally. However, the concept of "the field" itself remains largely unexamined. The introduction argues that reflecting critically on this concept is important for two reasons: 1) "the field" helps define anthropology's boundaries and differences from related disciplines, and 2) the traditional concept of "the field" may not adequately address the challenges of studying culture in today's globalized world. The remainder of the introduction outlines how the book will further explore how the idea of "the field" developed historically and influenced anthropological practices, and will search for
This document is the introduction to a book titled "Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science" edited by Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson. It discusses how the concept of "the field" is central to anthropology both intellectually and in terms of professional training, but remains largely unexamined. While concepts like culture and ethnography have been extensively critiqued, the idea of "the field" as the place where fieldwork is conducted has been taken for granted. The introduction argues for a critical examination of the field in light of its role in defining anthropology as a discipline both conceptually and in distinguishing it from related fields through its methodology of participant observation fieldwork.
This document provides an overview of systems for classifying, cataloging, and describing information resources including:
- Classification systems like Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) that organize knowledge into hierarchical categories.
- Cataloging rules like Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) and Resource Description and Access (RDA) that determine how bibliographic information is recorded and accessed.
- Thesauri and ontologies that organize terms and define relationships to facilitate information retrieval.
- Machine-readable cataloging (MARC) standards that allow catalog records to be shared and searched electronically.
Sujay The Indo-Europeanization of the world Addendum FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It suggests 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. The author proposes using color-coded arrows and icons on diagrams to visually depict the migrations and influences. Adopting this approach along with a collaborative effort among scholars globally could revolutionize understanding of cultural and linguistic changes, according to the document.
Sujay The Indo-Europeanization of the world Addendum FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It proposes 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. It advocates for a collaborative effort among scholars across cultures to make rapid progress in solving the Indo-European question. Nationalism and region-centrism must be avoided in favor of a global outlook. Reading the previous paper is necessary to fully understand this addendum.
An Introduction to African Centered Sociology: Worldview, Epistemology, and S...Jonathan Dunnemann
This document provides an introduction to the concept of African-centered sociology. It begins by discussing how African-centered scholars use an African worldview framework to analyze African life, history, and culture. It notes that while African-centered approaches have been developed in other fields like psychology and history, an African-centered sociology has yet to be fully articulated.
The document then reviews the intellectual history of "Black sociology" from the 1970s onward. It argues that prior attempts at a Black sociology failed to develop autonomous theories and frameworks, and were still influenced by white liberal ideology. The document suggests that for an African-centered sociology to develop, it must be grounded within an African conceptual framework like
8. Using Multiple Case Studies To Generalize From Ethnographic ResearchClaire Webber
This document discusses using multiple case studies to generalize from ethnographic research. It begins by describing ethnography as a method focused on describing cultural phenomena through participant observation. While useful for understanding specific contexts, ethnography's generalizability is limited. The document then proposes using multiple follow-up case studies to test constructs induced from an initial "focal ethnography" in order to generalize findings. It provides an example of using this method to develop and refine the construct of "recontextualization".
The document is a short quote from Erin Hunter that discusses borders. In 3 sentences:
The quote states that the only true borders are between day and night, between life and death, and between hope and loss. It suggests that these are the essential borders that define our existence, rather than man-made political borders. In a concise 3 line summary, the document discusses how the author views the most significant borders as being those defined by natural transitions rather than lines drawn on maps.
Cooperation and French Collections in Academic Libraries of North America: CI...University of Missouri
This document summarizes the history and structure of CIFNAL (Collaborative Initiative for French and North American Libraries), an initiative to enhance cooperation between francophone and North American academic libraries. It discusses CIFNAL's origins from a 2004 conference, its membership structure under the Global Resources Network, and some of its current projects including consortial agreements for electronic resources, a Bibliothèque Bleue digitization project, and a microfilm identification project. It also briefly highlights findings from a study on current initiatives for French-language collections in North America by Sarah Sussman.
The Reality of the Cloud: Implications of Cloud Computing for Mobile Library ...University of Missouri
The document discusses how cloud computing enables mobile library technologies and services. It defines cloud computing and explains how software, products, and data can reside in the cloud. Examples are given of library services, products, and data that are being accessed remotely through cloud-based platforms. Challenges of cloud computing like loss of local control and data security are addressed, but benefits like increased access and lower costs are also outlined. The cloud allows the library to become a platform for sharing content and data between librarians and patrons on their mobile devices.
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This document discusses cataloging and classification of indigenous and non-Western knowledge. It covers:
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- Challenges of indigenous cataloging include marginalization, differing worldviews, separation from cultural contexts, and issues with assuming universality. Effective practices involve collaboration and an indigenous perspective.
- Cataloging of non-Western materials in the Soviet Union, which developed its own classification systems due to ideological differences from Western schemes. Control and censorship of library collections was common.
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This document discusses the call to decolonize international relations (IR) theory. It argues that merely adding subaltern or colonized narratives is not enough to truly decolonize the field. True decolonization requires transforming conceptualizations of knowledge and subjectivity. Knowledge is currently conceptualized as static and ahistorical in mainstream IR, but is actually fluid and situated. Dominant IR frameworks also impose imperialistic "maps" that obscure mutual constitutions and privilege Western states. To decolonize, these maps must be radically revised to acknowledge hybridity and mutual constitution. Transforming knowledge and subjectivity concepts could lead to conceptualizing the international as "thick" rather than a thin space between states, and accounting for multidimensional power
TESOL 2010 Luminary Session
Ulla Connor, PhD
Indiana Center for Intercultural Communication
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Bill Eggington, PhD
Professor and Chair, Linguistics and English Language Department,
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The document discusses two digital humanities projects: the World of Dante project and the Tibetan & Himalayan Library. Both projects aim to represent entire "worlds" by contextualizing key texts. The World of Dante project uses maps, images, and categories to represent elements of Dante's Divine Comedy and the world it depicts. The Tibetan & Himalayan Library similarly represents Tibetan culture through media, knowledge maps of categories like rituals and economics, interactive maps, literature, and community contributions. Students are then asked to complete exercises exploring representations of characters in Dante, images of rituals in Tibetan culture, and other elements of the two projects.
This document discusses the colonial roots of language teaching methods and the need to move from nativization to decolonization. It makes three key points:
1. Traditional language teaching methods were developed during colonial times to serve colonial interests and marginalize local knowledge. They portrayed Western knowledge as superior and non-Western knowledge as inferior.
2. While world Englishes have successfully adapted the language, decolonization requires shifting control over language planning, teaching, and policies from Western to local professionals.
3. A "postmethod" approach is proposed as a way to decolonize English language teaching by decentering Western authority and restoring agency to local communities. However, fully realizing this approach faces challenges.
This document discusses the colonial legacy within libraries and systems of knowledge organization. It describes how libraries played a role in dismantling local knowledge during colonialism by promoting Western styles of literacy, language and values. Current practices like academic publishing and subject classification still reflect colonial biases by privileging English, Western topics and Christian viewpoints. Librarians' "vocational awe" can prevent critiquing these systemic biases and exclusions. Efforts are being made to decolonize practices and make knowledge systems more inclusive, but colonial inheritances remain embedded.
From cultural awareness to cultural heritageAna Monteiro
The document discusses building a framework for teaching materials on cultural awareness and cultural heritage. It argues that curricula should prepare students to respect cultural differences and appreciate diverse cultures. Teachers should develop self-awareness of their own culture first before teaching about others. When selecting cultural heritage sites to represent in teaching, it is important to consider which periods, groups and minorities are represented or omitted to avoid an imbalanced emphasis on majority cultures.
Regions as geographical learning resources in Higher Education: Using the loc...Prof Simon Haslett
Presentation by Simon Haslett, Professor of Physical Geography and Director of the Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching at the University of Wales, Newport. Given on 2nd September 2010 at the Higher Education Research Group 'Innovative Spaces of Learning' session at the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Annual Conference at their Headquarters at Kensington Gore, London.
A Student’s Guide to Reading and Writing in Social AnthropologyUkrit Chalermsan
This document provides guidance for students on reading and writing in social anthropology. It begins by explaining that the writing practices and conventions of anthropologists may not be transparent to newcomers. It then discusses different types of anthropological literature students may encounter, including essays, ethnographies, and theoretical chapters/articles. The document aims to demystify challenges students may face and help them engage effectively with anthropological texts.
The document discusses cultural awareness, cultural heritage, and cultural heritage education. It addresses aims to promote cultural awareness through developing abilities like observing and participating in other cultures. It notes the need to avoid an ethnocentric perspective and instead immerse participants in other cultures. Regarding cultural heritage, it finds an overrepresentation of certain periods, elites, religions, and regions in the European cultural heritage list. It questions whose heritage is represented and which groups may be forgotten. It raises how teachers can incorporate cultural heritage education and empower diversity through their teaching materials and curriculum.
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This document is the introduction to a book that examines the concept of "the field" in anthropology. It discusses how fieldwork has become central to anthropology both intellectually and professionally. However, the concept of "the field" itself remains largely unexamined. The introduction argues that reflecting critically on this concept is important for two reasons: 1) "the field" helps define anthropology's boundaries and differences from related disciplines, and 2) the traditional concept of "the field" may not adequately address the challenges of studying culture in today's globalized world. The remainder of the introduction outlines how the book will further explore how the idea of "the field" developed historically and influenced anthropological practices, and will search for
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This document provides an overview of systems for classifying, cataloging, and describing information resources including:
- Classification systems like Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) that organize knowledge into hierarchical categories.
- Cataloging rules like Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) and Resource Description and Access (RDA) that determine how bibliographic information is recorded and accessed.
- Thesauri and ontologies that organize terms and define relationships to facilitate information retrieval.
- Machine-readable cataloging (MARC) standards that allow catalog records to be shared and searched electronically.
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The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It suggests 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. The author proposes using color-coded arrows and icons on diagrams to visually depict the migrations and influences. Adopting this approach along with a collaborative effort among scholars globally could revolutionize understanding of cultural and linguistic changes, according to the document.
Sujay The Indo-Europeanization of the world Addendum FINAL.pdfSujay Rao Mandavilli
The document provides additional context and proposals to expand on a previous paper about the Indo-Europeanization of the world from a Central Asian homeland. It proposes 10 modes of linguistic transformations associated with human migrations to better understand how pre-Indo-European languages transformed into Indo-European languages in different areas. It advocates for a collaborative effort among scholars across cultures to make rapid progress in solving the Indo-European question. Nationalism and region-centrism must be avoided in favor of a global outlook. Reading the previous paper is necessary to fully understand this addendum.
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This document provides an introduction to the concept of African-centered sociology. It begins by discussing how African-centered scholars use an African worldview framework to analyze African life, history, and culture. It notes that while African-centered approaches have been developed in other fields like psychology and history, an African-centered sociology has yet to be fully articulated.
The document then reviews the intellectual history of "Black sociology" from the 1970s onward. It argues that prior attempts at a Black sociology failed to develop autonomous theories and frameworks, and were still influenced by white liberal ideology. The document suggests that for an African-centered sociology to develop, it must be grounded within an African conceptual framework like
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This document discusses using multiple case studies to generalize from ethnographic research. It begins by describing ethnography as a method focused on describing cultural phenomena through participant observation. While useful for understanding specific contexts, ethnography's generalizability is limited. The document then proposes using multiple follow-up case studies to test constructs induced from an initial "focal ethnography" in order to generalize findings. It provides an example of using this method to develop and refine the construct of "recontextualization".
The document is a short quote from Erin Hunter that discusses borders. In 3 sentences:
The quote states that the only true borders are between day and night, between life and death, and between hope and loss. It suggests that these are the essential borders that define our existence, rather than man-made political borders. In a concise 3 line summary, the document discusses how the author views the most significant borders as being those defined by natural transitions rather than lines drawn on maps.
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This document summarizes the history and structure of CIFNAL (Collaborative Initiative for French and North American Libraries), an initiative to enhance cooperation between francophone and North American academic libraries. It discusses CIFNAL's origins from a 2004 conference, its membership structure under the Global Resources Network, and some of its current projects including consortial agreements for electronic resources, a Bibliothèque Bleue digitization project, and a microfilm identification project. It also briefly highlights findings from a study on current initiatives for French-language collections in North America by Sarah Sussman.
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2. Advantages of cloud computing for libraries include scalability, flexibility, and cost savings, though security, privacy and loss of control are potential disadvantages.
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La BU et les compétences informationnelles en réseautage social (CIRS) pour l...University of Missouri
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
1. Perspectives on geographic location: The Muslim West in two classification systems by Heather Lea Moulaison, PhD October 15, 2010 Conversation de la recherche - Researchconversation School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa
2. Bias in classification When humans intervene and begin grouping “like” things together (Olson), we expect a certain amount of bias in the end product Patterns identified (Bates, 2005) and “buckets” construed Can be linked to sense making (Weick, 1995 cited in Lambe, 2007) Babel Instinct “when we can organise things around us differently from other people, we will do so” (Lambe, 2007, p, xvi) Few classification systems are completely independent of human interpretation Modern biologists care about spines, but others have divided the animal kingdom in different ways based on other characteristics (blood?, etc.) Shirky (2005) claims that not all elements of the Periodic Table fit neatly
3. The imprecise science of location: the Local Weather phenomenon Despite seeming absolute, geography may be approached differently by different cultures “I” am in the middle of the map for most societies And my country is the biggest, best, most important, etc. Physically pointing to one’s chest indicates “me” and not a cardinal direction, etc. Interesting exception of people cited in Deutscher (2010) The geographic buckets may be different from culture to culture Number of continents Local Weather phenomenon and travel in North Africa Fulbright in 2008-2009 Sony VAIO’s Windows 7 pop-up screen http://www.ecoles.cfwb.be/empescfkain/unioneurope07/index.html#
4. Ibn Rushd Thesaurus (IRT) Created to support access to theIbnRushdcollection Maintained by the library of the “Fondation” for Islamic studies and the humanities Devoted to the “Muslim West” Composed of monographs, theses, journals, articles, and other documents Is a bilingual thesaurus of descriptors and class numbers Tête-becheformat for paper thesaurus, by language Online access also by language Created and published by educated Moroccans Built according to AFNOR standards, I believe AFNOR (Association françaisede Normalisation) French version of the NISO Used by trained paraprofessionals/technicians in providing access to the collection Not librarians
5. Research questions What differences exist in the way that IRT and the DDC provide intellectual access to geographic locations in the Muslim West? Can a universal classification scheme like DDC offer adequate geographic access to a specialized collection focusing on a non-Western culture?
6. Assumptions In devising a classification scheme treating geographic location, the biases of the creators of that scheme will be present. This is not necessarily a bad thing if it is intuitive in terms of: Users accessing system Materials being classed Western classification systems will reflect Western culture and approaches Non-Western classification systems will reflect Non-Western cultures and approaches Lee (2008) discusses ancient Chinese approaches to classification A thesaurus for a specialized collection can provide access to the materials in that collection if it is well-constructed and systematically implemented.
7. Assumptions, cont. Classification schemes will adopt different approaches based on their purpose Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)/Universal Decimal Classifiation (UDC) are “universal” IRT is meant to class a certain collection (personal communication, 2009) Example: Edward Sapir, anthropologist, worked with Marius Barbeau at the Canadian Museum of Civilization in 1910 to devise a taxonomy of Amer-Indian peoples. Peoples were primarily grouped by language and location Letters of the alphabet were used to indicate class Those of European descent were classed “Z”
8. Geography in the IRT Preliminary observations The Muslim West is the first class (of 8) designated in the geography portion of the classification system Muslim West = North Africa and Moorish Iberian Peninsula Historically, parts of Spain were Muslim before the Arabs were driven Some of the approach to creating classes sees Western or French groupings by continents he Americas as one continent Other groupings are by alliances, proximity, etc. (OPEC countries, Scandinavia, etc.) Seems consistent with a worldview of a collectivist culture
9. Review of the Lit: Criticism of Dewey and DDC DDC has been criticized for having a Western bias (e.g. Olson, 2001) Results in the needless and arbitrary dispersal of national literatures in the collection Canadian literature-English 810 Canadian literature-French 840 Canadian literature-Inuit 897.12 (Olson, 2001, p. 119) Shirky (2005) reminds us that classification schemes like DDC are created to provide a physical shelf location. In the digital world, there is no shelf. Weinberger (2007) makes fun of the pigeonholes and finds Dewey’s “original schema […] embarrassing in the modern era” (p. 48).
10. Use and appeal of DDC Possible reasons for use and appeal outside of Western cultures Non-Western cultures may be adequately represented in the schedules and tables number-building permits the creation of sufficiently close classification numbers for the breadth and depth of library collections The publications collected and made available may reflect more or less the publishing patterns evidenced in Anglo-American libraries Be few enough that close classification is not necessary. Ex: Morocco published 918 books in 1996; Egypt published 2215 books in 1995 (UNESCO) There is something fundamentally appealing about arranging the world into compartments of ten (Bates) Schemes based on DDC have been successful UDC A Classification System for Libraries of Judaica(3rd edition) by David and Daniel Elazar. Editors at DDC are constantly trying to update and include other worldviews, provide extension tables, allow for local creation of numbers, etc.
11. Methodology Goal: To compare the treatment of the geography of the Muslim West in the IRT and DDC Geographic terms from the IRT “N” class (Muslim West) were listed in a spreadsheet Corresponding classification notation was indicated one letter and a series of meaningful numbers based on the level of hierarchy represented Classification notation explicitly showed the hierarchies underlying the order in the list In practice, these thesaurus terms can be used as descriptors in the database and can accompany other descriptors bringing out additional facets The Iberian Peninsula and Morocco/Western Sahara were selected for further study Iberian Peninsula = Europe (covered well in DDC?) Morocco/Western Sahara = Africa (not covered well in DDC?)
12. Methodology, cont. Classification notations from IRT for the selected areas were compared directly with the notation in the DDC Auxiliary Table 2 DDC auxiliary tables allow for number building in the DDC system Numbers from the tables are added to a base number taken from the schedules When in doubt, locations from the IRT were searched in the Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN) maintained by the Getty
13. Results: Identifying the Muslim West ‘N’ class (Muslim West) 438 notations representing Muslim West locations Composed of 12 present-day countries and political areas: Morocco, n=114 Spain, n=100 Algeria, n=93 Tunisia, n=57 Mauritania, n=32 Libya, n=22 Western Sahara, n=8 Portugal, n=6 Mali, n=2 Niger, n=1 Ghana, n=1 Italy (Sicily), n=1 http://www.moulaison.net/MoroccanMuslimWest.html
17. Intersection of the old and the new? Mixing the past and present, former dynasties and modern locations is evident in the IRT’s taxonomy of geographic location. The Arab Knowledge Report (2009) issues a call for Arabs to move beyond tradition and the past to “fuller reconciliation with the values of the world we belong to” (p. 17) as a way of tempering religious extremism. Chavan, Apala Lahiri, & Gorney, Douglas. (2008). The dilemma of the shared mobile phone: Culture strain and product design in emerging economies. Interactions, 15(4), 34-39. DOI 10.1145/1374489.1374497
18. Question 2 Can a universal classification scheme like DDC offer adequate geographic access to a specialized collection focusing on a non-Western culture? RESPONSE: Tentative yes. DDC is able to represent closely 80% of the locations of interest in Morocco and over 90% of locations important to Western Islamic studies on the Iberian Peninsula without requiring the use of a thesaurus other than the TGN The assumption is that at least these percentages of library materials would be classed closely and correctly in a library using full Dewey. The need for such close classification, even very specialized libraries can be discussed In light of publishing patterns on specialized topics. Even in a specialized collection, somewhat broad classification can be argued as a means of shortening otherwise overly-precise and long call numbers and facilitating user access.
19. Discussion Extent of adequacy of DDC to class places of importance in the Muslim West Surprisingly extensive Does better than the 80/20 rule Continued question of how adequate this schema is for users Anecdotal approval by students at ESI Reality of access in the developing world Problems of collection development, unmechanized libraries (3 ILSs in 2009), and limited access to technology require that shelf locations work
20. Limitations to the study Two systems not designed to be used in the same way IRT terms may be used as descriptors DDC notation primarily meant to be added to base numbers to provide closer notation The bilingual nature of the Moroccan work Thesaurus is bilingual, created by and accessible to educated Moroccans (i.e. bilingual) The collection is multilingual
21. Summary and conclusions This research presents a comparison of terms and intellectual access for geographic location in the Muslim West through the DDC and the IRT, a specialized classification scheme. The DDC has been criticized for being overly culturally biased, not providing equitable access to non-Western ideas Like the IRT, it has a goal of providing a physical location for materials in libraries DDC’s access, although more inclusive of European locations than African ones, appears to be sufficient for geographic access despite fundamental differences in the underlying approaches to perceiving location in space and time
22. Future study based on this project Related study: Uses of DDC in non-Western collections vs others Content analysis of DDC adaptations made by non-Western peoples (e.g. Egyptian efforts) Whether discovery for Muslim Arab researchers in Western libraries is hindered by Western biases in class schemes Can and should information policies in Arab countries incorporate Western distinctions between past and present when addressing the question of geography? If we accept that classification is less important in online environments, and that DDC is able to provide access across different worldviews, is it possible to build an internationally viable verbal subject access tool based on a decimal approach? Can location be accessed via map interfaces?
23. Acknowledgements Travel and stay in Morocco during the 2008-2009 academic year were funded by a Fulbright Scholar grant from the US Dept. of State. The Fondation Al Saoud in Casablanca graciously provided me with a copy of their IbnRushdthesaurus. OCLC generously donated two full copies of DDC 22nd for teaching.
24. Bibliography Aman, M. M. (2006). The impact of technology on libraries and collection in the Arab countries of the Middle East and North Africa. In R. N. Sharma (Ed.), The impact of technology on Asian, African, and Middle Eastern library collections. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005 (2005). Guidelines for the construction, format, and management of monolingual controlled vocabularies. Bethesda, MD: National Information Standards Organization. Retrieved from http://www.niso.org/kst/reports/standards?step=2&gid=None&project_key=7cc9b583cb5a62e8c15d3099e0bb46bbae9cf38a Arab knowledge report 2009: Towards productive intercommunication for knowledge. (2009). Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation (MBRF) and the United Nations Development Programme/Regional Bureau for Arab States (UNDP/RBAS). Retrieved from http://www.mbrfoundation.ae/English/Documents/AKR-2009-En/AKR-English.pdf Bates, M. J. (1998). Indexing and access for digital libraries and the internet: Human, database, and domain factors. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 49(13), 1185-1205. Bates, M. J. (2005). Information and knowledge: An evolutionary framework for information science. Information research, 10(4). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/10-4/paper239.html Countries with UDC users. (2009). UDC Consortium. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from http://www.udcc.org/countries.htm Dewey decimal classification and relative index. (2003). Mitchell, J. S., Beall, J., Martin, G., Matthews, W. E., & New, G. R. (Eds.). 22nd ed. Dublin, OH: OCLC.
25. Bibliography, cont. Dewey is the world's most widely used library classification system. (2010). OCLC. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from http://www.oclc.org/ca/en/dewey/about/translations/default.htm Hodge, G. (2000). Systems of knowledge organization for digital libraries. Washington, DC: Digital Library Federation and the Council on Library and Information Resources. Retrievedfromhttp://www.diglib.org/pubs/dlf090/dlf090.pdf Ibn Rushd: Thésaurus arabe-français relatif au Maghreb et à son environnement historico-culturel andalou et africain. (1998). 1ère éd. Casablanca, Maroc: Fondation du Roi Abdul-Aziz Al Saoud pour les Etudes Islamiques et les Sciences Humaines. Partially available online: http://www.fondation.org.ma/fonda/ibnrushd/bibomw.asp?lango=2 Lambe, P. (2007). Lee, H.-L. (2008). Origins of the main classes in the first Chinese bibliographic classification. In C. Arsenault & J. T. Tennis (Eds.), Culture and identity in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the Tenth International ISKO Conference, 5-8 August 2008, Montréal, Canada (pp. 275-281). Würzburg, Germany: ErgonVerlag. Olson, H. A. (2001). Sameness and difference: A cultural foundation of classification. Library Resources & Technical Services 45(3), 115-122. Présentation de la Fondation. (2003). Fondation du Roi Abdul Aziz Al Saoud pour les Etudes Islamiques et les Sciences Humaines. Retrieved May 28, 2010 from http://www.fondation.org.ma/fondlatin/fondatio.htm Shirky, C. (2005). Ontology is overrated: Categories, Links, and Tags. Clay Shirky's Writings About the Internet. Retrieved from http://www.shirky.com/writings/ontology_overrated.html Weinberger, D. (2007). Everything is miscellaneous: The power of the new digital disorder. New York: Times Books.
Editor's Notes
Generally acknowledged that human beings organize (e.g. Hodge, 2000; Taylor & Joudrey, 2009, etc.)Pattern identification may be an evolutionary feature in animal brains (Bates, 2005)Organization permits retrieval at a later timeCan be linked to sense making (Weick, 1995 cited in Lambe, 2007)Both involve “ordering things, explaining deviations, simplification and explaining relationships” (Lambe, 2007, p. 26)One aspect of organization is classificationGrouping together like things based on shared characteristicsPlacing them in a “bucket”
The library of the “Fondation” for Islamic studies and the humanitiesResearch library attached to a Saudi-sponsored foundation for Islamic studies and the humanities in Casablanca, MoroccoAutomated library using MARC 21Creators of Moroccan “index”Non-circulating collections Open stacksMaintains collections such as the
What differences exist in the way that IRT and the DDC provide intellectual access to geographic locations in the Muslim West?Can a universal classification scheme like DDC offer adequate geographic access to a specialized collection focusing on a non-Western culture?