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វិទ្យាស្ថា នគរុកោសល្យរាជធានីភ្នំកេញ
កម្មវិធីបង្រៀន និរង ៀនពីចម្ងា យ
ម្ុខវិជ្ជា ៖ ផែនដីវិទ្យា
សូម្ស្វា គម្ន៍
14/22/2020
ព្េះរាជាណាចព្ររម្ពុជា
ជាតិ ស្ថសនា ព្េះម្ហារសព្រ

បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល
កម្ករៀនទ្យី៥-១៖ ទ្យឹរកល្ីផែនដី
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 2
ចប់ងម្ង ៀនងនេះសិសសអាច
• ពិពណ៌ នាអំពីរបាយទឹករបស់ផែនដី
• ដាក់ឈ្ម ោះប្បភពទឹកសាបឈៅឈ ើផែនដី
• ពិពណ៌ នាពីភាពផបែកននបឹងធំផដ ជាប្បភពទឹកសាបដ៏ធំមួយឈបើ
ឈប្បៀបឈធៀបនឹងទឹកសាបឈែេងឈទៀតននទឹកពិភពឈោក
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 3
ំលឹកងម្ង ៀនចាស
http://legacy.lib.utexas.edu/maps/topo/cambodia/
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 4
• ផែនទីឋានឈ ខគឺជាផែនទីផដ បង្ហា ញ កខណៈពិឈសសនននែៃផែនដី ឬឋាន
ឈ ខសាស្រសតឈៅឈ ើផែនទី។
• រយៈកមពស់ គឺជាកមពស់របស់ទីតំងណាមួយផដ គិតចាប់ពីនីវ៉ូទឹកសមុប្ទ។ រយៈ
កមពស់ននទឹកសមុប្ទគឺ០។
• ផខេកមពស់ គឺជាផខេកផដ ភាា ប់ចំណុ ចទំងឡាយ ន៉ូវរយៈកមពស់ដ៉ូចៗគ្នា ។ ផខេ
កមពស់ប្តូវបានឈគឈប្បើឈដើមបីបង្ហា ញរយៈកមពស់។
• ភាពខុសគ្នា ននផខេកមពស់មួយនិងផខេកមពស់មួយឈទៀតឈៅថា ចឈនាែ ោះផខេកមពស់។
• សណាា នដី គឺជាភាពខុសគ្នា ននរយៈកមពស់រវាងចំណុ ចផដកខពស់បំែុត និងទប
បំែុត ឈ ើយប្តូវបានបង្ហា ញឈៅឈ ើផែនទី។
4/22/2020 5
• ភពផែនដីប្តូវបានឈគឈៅថា“ ភពទឹក” ។
• ឈនាោះគឺឈដាយសារផតនែៃផែនដីប្គបដណត ប់
ឈដាយទឹក ផដ ធមមតឈៅថាមណឌ ទឹក។
www.ck12.org
បាយទ្យឹកងលើផែនដី
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 6
មណឌ ទឹក
គឺជាសមាសភាគននប្បព័នធអាកាសធាតុផដ ែេំឈដាយទឹករួមមាន
❑ ទឹកឈ ើដី (ទឹកមហាសមុប្ទ ទឹកសមុប្ទ ទឹកទឈនែ ទឹកបឹង)
❑ ទឹកកាុដី (សំឈណើ មដី)
❑ ទឹកកប់ឈប្កាមដី (ផខេទឹកឈប្កាមដី)
សមុប្ទជាផែាកដ៏សំខាន់មួយននមណឌ ទឹក ឈប្រោះវាប្គបដណត ប់ប្បមាណ៧០%នននែៃដី។
កាុងប្បព័នធបរិយាកាស សមុប្ទអាចស្សូបយក ដឹកជញ្ា៉ូ ន និងបឈញ្េ ញកឈតត ឈៅកាុង
បរិយាកាសកាុងបរិមាណយាងឈប្ចើន និងមានតួនាទីជាអាកកំណត់អាកាសធាតុរបស់ផែនដី។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 7
CONCEPT CHECK
ឈបើផែនដីជាភពទឹក ឈ តុអវីឈព ខែោះធនធានទឹកឈៅឈ ើផែនដីខវោះ?
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 8
ឈតើទឹកឈៅឈ ើភពផែនដីឈយើងភាគឈប្ចើនជាទឹកផបបណា?
❑ ទឹកឈៅឈ ើភពផែនដីឈយើងភាគឈប្ចើនជាទឹកនប្ប។
ឈតើទឹកសាបមានបុនាម នភាគរយ?
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 9
មហាសមុប្ទ
ទឹកប្គបដណត ប់ប្បផ ៧៥% នននែៃផែនដី
៩៧.៥% គឺជាទឹកនប្ប(SALT WATER)
២.៥% គឺជាទឹកសាប(FRESH WATER)
ទឹកសាបមានផត ១%បុឈណាណ ោះផដ អាចឈប្បើប្បាស់បាន
Brian J. Skinner and Barbara Murck, 2011
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 10
មានអាងនែៃទឹកធំៗ ចំនួន៤៖
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 11
ទឹកឈ ើនែៃផែនដី
(ទឈនែ បឹង សៃឹង និងអ៉ូរ)
ជាប្បភពទឹកដ៏មានសារៈសំខាន់បំែុត
សប្មាប់ជីវិតឈៅឈ ើភពផែនដី
ទឹកឈប្កាមដី
ជាទឹកផដ ប្ជាប ឬ ៉ូរច៉ូ បំឈពញ
ប្កផ ងប្បឈហាងដី និងស្សទប់សិោ។
វាមានប្បភពមកពីទឹកឈភែៀង ប្ពិ
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 12
ទ្យឹកស្វប
❑ទឹកជាធនធានឈកើតឈ ើងវិញដ៏មានសារៈសំខាន់។ វាចាំបាច់
សប្មាប់ប្ទប្ទង់ជីវិតភាវៈរស់ឈៅឈ ើផែនដី។
❑ទឹកសាបផដ មនុសេឈប្បើប្បាស់មានប្បភពពីរគឺ ទឹកឈ ើនែៃផែនដី
និងទឹកកាុងដី។
❑ទឹកផដ ឈយើងឈមើ ឈ ើញឈ ើនែៃដីដ៉ូចជា ទឈនែ បឹង សៃឹង អ៉ូរ
បុផនតមានទឹកភាគឈប្ចើនឈៅកាុងដីផដ ឈយើងមិនអាចឈមើ ឈ ើញ។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 13
បាយទ្យឹកស្វបងលើផ្ែៃដី
បរិមាណទឹកសាបតិចតួចបុឈណាណ ោះមានឈៅឈ ើផែនដីផដ សថិតកាុង
សភាពរាវ។
ទឹកសាបរាវភាគឈប្ចើនសថិតឈៅឈប្កាមដី។
ទឹកសាបឈៅឈ ើនែៃផែនដីភាគឈប្ចើនឈកើតមានឈៅកាុងបឹង សៃឹង ទឈនែ។
ទឹកឈ ើនែៃដីជាកំណតអាកាសផដ មិនប្ជាបច៉ូ កាុងដី ឬមិនប្ត ប់
ច៉ូ កាុងបរិយាកាសវិញតរយៈរំ ួត ឬរំភាយចំហាយទឹក។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 14
Brian J. Skinner and Barbara Murck, 2011
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 15
ទឹកកក
- ៦៨.៧% ននទឹកសាប
- ភាគឈប្ចើនននទឹកសាបឈៅឈ ើផែនដីប្តូវបាន
ប្គបដណត ប់ឈដាយផ្ៃ ំងទឹកកកប្កាស់ឈៅ
ប៉ូ ខាងឈជើងនិងខាងតប៉ូង។
ផ្ៃ ំងទឹកកក
- ផ្ៃ ំងដ៏ធំននទឹកកកអផណត តឈកើតពីទឹកសាប។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 16
ទឈនែនិងបឹង
▪ ១.២% ននទឹកសាប
▪ ទឹកសាបតិចតួចណាស់បុផនតសំខាន់សប្មាប់
មនុសេផដ រស់ឈៅផកបរវា។
ទឹកឈប្កាមដី
▪ ៣១.១% ននទឹកសាប (រាក់និងឈប្ៅរួមបញ្េ៉ូ គ្នា )
▪ ទឹកបំឈពញសាា មឈប្បោះនិងកផនែងទំឈនរឈៅឈប្កាម
ដីនិងស្សទប់ថ្ម។ 4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 17
ប្បព័នធទឈនែ
▪ នដទឈនែ - សៃឹងនិងទឈនែត៉ូចៗផដ ៉ូរច៉ូ ឈៅកាុងទឈនែឈម
▪ អាងរងទឹកឈភែៀង ឬអាងទឈនែ - តំបន់ដីផដ ែគត់ែគង់ទឹកដ ់ប្បព័នធទឈនែ។
▪ ផខេផចកទឹក - តំបន់ផបងផចកអាងរងទឹកឈភែៀងពីរឈដាយដីខពងរាបឬជួរភ្
នំ។ ផខេផចកទឹកជាទ៉ូឈៅមានដីខពស់ជាងអាងទឈនែ។
ឈតើឈៅប្បឈទសកមពុជាមានប្បព័នធទឈនែអវីខែោះ?
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 18
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 19
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 20
GagTen7emKg{
GagrgTwkeP7ogrbs'Ten7emKg{RKbdN1b'
elIp8dI 795.000 km2
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 21
GagTen7 (Waugh and Bushell, 1991)
lMhUrelIp8dIhUrtamTisedAep!gÔK~aenAsgxagEx!EckTwk
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 22
ស្សោះ
▪ អាងសតុកទឹកនឹង
▪ ត៉ូចជាងបឹង - ពនែឺប្ពោះអាទិតយ្នដ ់បាត
▪ បឈងកើតឈ ើងឈៅឈព ផដ ទឹកប្បម៉ូ ែតុំឈៅកាុង
ប្បឈហាងឬតំបន់ទំនាបននដី
▪ ទី ំឈៅសប្មាប់សតវឈប្ចើនប្បឈភទ រួមទំងកផងកប ប្តី
រុកខជាតិ។ ។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 23
បឹង
▪ អាងសតុកទឹកសាបនឹងឈៅឈ ើទវីប ផដ មិនមានពនែឺប្ពោះអាទិតយ្នដ ់បាត
▪ ឈប្ៅនិងធំ
▪ បានឈកើតឈ ើងតមវិធីពីរយាងដ៉ូចគ្នា នឹងស្សោះ ផដ ជាកមាែ ំងដ៏មានឥទធិព ផដ មានឥទធិព
ឈ ើនែៃផែនដីដ៉ូចជាការស្សុត, ការធាែ ក់ចុោះននទឹកកក, ច នាផប្បសប្កផ ងឬភាំឈភែើង។
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 24
តំបន់ដីឈសើម
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 25
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 26
តំបន់ដីឈសើម
▪ តំបន់ដីផដ ប្គបដណដ ប់ឈដាយទឹកកាុងកំ ុងឈព ខែោះ ឬឈពញមួយឆ្ា ំ។
▪ ៣ ប្បឈភទ
▪ ឈមុើស (MARSHES)៖ ឈមម ប្គបដណត ប់ឈដាយទឹករាក់ -
▪ វា ាប់ភក់(SWAMPS)៖ នប្ព ិចទឹកផដ មានឈដើមឈ ើជាធមមតមានអាកាសធាតុឈសើមនិង
ឈសើម
▪ ពពុោះ ៖ ការធាែ ក់ទឹកចិតតពីសនែឹកទឹកកក ជាធមមតឈៅកាុងអាកាសធាតុប្តជាក់
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 27
ព្រឹរពុទ្យធិ និរកា វាយតផ្ម្ៃ
• ច៉ូរពីពណ៌ នាពីរបាយទឹកឈៅឈ ើភពផែនដី?
• ដ៉ូចឈមតចផដ ឈៅថាទឹកឈ ើនែៃដី?
• ច៉ូរនិយាយពីសារៈសំខាន់ននទឹកសាប?
• ឈ តុអវីឈព ខែោះធនធានទឹកឈៅឈ ើផែនដីខវោះ?
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 28
កិចចកា ែៃេះ
ច៉ូរសិកាស្សាវប្ជាវពីទំនាក់ទំនងរវាងទឹកឈ ើនែៃផែនដី និងទឹកឈប្កាមដី?
4/22/2020បង្រៀនងោយ គរ់ សំអុល 29

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