Kauppakamari kouluttaa julkisen sektorin osaajiaK2HEL
Mikä muuttuu hankintalaissa? Mistä puhutaan Koulusihteerit-seminaarissa? Mitä tapahtuu kaavoituksessa nyt?
Kauppakamarin koulutuksissa saat vastauksia muun näihin kysymyksiin - ilmoittaudu mukaan!
http://bit.ly/1o5CWAj
Kauppakamari kouluttaa julkisen sektorin osaajiaK2HEL
Mikä muuttuu hankintalaissa? Mistä puhutaan Koulusihteerit-seminaarissa? Mitä tapahtuu kaavoituksessa nyt?
Kauppakamarin koulutuksissa saat vastauksia muun näihin kysymyksiin - ilmoittaudu mukaan!
http://bit.ly/1o5CWAj
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. 2. ERRADIOLOGIA KONBENTZIONALEKO EKIPOAK
2.1. X IZPIKO HODIA
X izpiko hodia bi elektrodo dituen berunezko anpulua da:
• Katodoa: (elektrodo negatiboa) bertan, elektroiak sortzen diren
elektrodoa da.
• Anodoa: (elektrodo positiboa) elektroiak eztanda egiten duten
tokia.
Katodoaren barruan, filamentua dago, bertatik elektroiak igortzen dira;
Tungsteno eta Cesiozko espirala da. 2.200º baino gehiago hartu behar duen
tenperatura filamentutik elektroi-igorpena izateko. Filamentuzko tungstenoak
urtze-puntua altua du (3.370ºC). Itxaron momentuan, tenperatura mantentzea ±
1500°C.
Hodi modernoak bi filamentu dituzte:
– Bat luzea: korronte altuagoa/erresoluzio gutxiago.
– Bat motza: korronte baxuagoa/erresoluzio hobea.
Anodoa molibdenozko disko batez osatuta dago eta tungsteno eta reniozko
pista batez osatuta dago.
X izpiko hodia hermetikoki itxita dagoen beirazko ontzi bat da eta elektroiak
katodotik anodora joatean inongo oztoporik ez izateko hutsa eginda dago.
Hodia, mineralezko olioaz inguraturik dago; honek, beroa kanpora bidaltzen du.
Hodiaren funtzionamendua:
1. Katodoa baju boltajeko zirkuitura konektatzen da (10 boltio), katodoaren
filamentua gori-gori jartzen da eta elektroiak ematen ditu.
2. Aldi berean, elektroiak azeleratzeko katodoa eta anodoa boltaje altuko
zirkuitu batetara konektatzen dira. Anodoak erakarri egiten ditu.
3. Potentziaren desberdintasuna katodoa eta anodoaren arteangatik
elektroiak indarrakin azeleratzen dira.
4. Anodoaren kontra eztanda egin ondoren, eta bat-bateko balaztaketa
(frenatu), elektroien energia zinetika aldatu egiten da; %99a energia
kalorikoan eta %1a bakarrik X izpiak sortzean.
5. Elektroiaren eztandan katodoaren atomoan fotoiak sortzen dira, non
materian egiten dute eztanda.
2
3. 2.KONTROLEKO MAHIA
Mahai honetan biltzen dira:
• Piztu eta itzaltzeko etengailua.
• Esposiziorako balioen erregulatze mandoak: Kb, mA.
Kb baxua erabiltzen da: bularrean, zati bigunak, zati txikiak.
Kb altua erabiltzen da: torax, digestio aparatua kontrastearekin...
• Fokuaren autatzailea.
Gero eta foku handiagoa izan (foku lodia) denbora laburragoan
karga gehiago onartzen du, irudi erradiologikoari erresoluzio
(erabakia) txikiagoa ematen dio. Foku finarekin, irudiaren
erresoluzioa hobea (garbiago, argiago) da, baina denbora
berberan karga gutxiago onartzen du.
Karga: kb eta mAaren biderketa.
• prestaketa eta esposizio botoia
3
4. • Gaixoaren edo pazientearen mahaia mugitzeko mandoak.
• Pareteko buckya, mahaiako buckya edo zuzeneko erradiografiaren
erabilera edo erabilera eza.
• Hodiaren mugimenduak
Esposizioko balorekin erlazionatutako faktoreak
Eguneroko lanean gure buruari galdetzen diogunean,
erradiografi hau egiteko zenbat emango diot?, zer
esposizioko baloreak emango dizkiogun galdetzen ari
gara: kontroleko mahaian zer kv eta zer mAs aukeratu
behar dugun esposizio erradiografikoa egiteko
paziente zehatz bati proiekzio erradiografiko zehat
batean dentsitatea, kontrastea eta erresoluzioari
buruz kalitatezko irudi bat lortzeko.
• Dentsitatea: plaka bat errebelatu ondoren
”beltza” kopurua agertzen dena. Dentsitate
erradiografikoaren faktore nagusia mAs da.
Dentsitatea eta efektu anodikoa:
X izpien SORTAREN INTENTSITATEA
zonalde guztietan ez da uniformea (berdina).
Intentsitatea gutxiago da anodo aldera
katodoa baino.
Sortutako fotoiak anodoaren barruko
geruzatan loditasun bat zeharkatu behar dute
X izpiko sortaren “anodo aldera” joateko,
horrela intentsitatearen aldaketa gertatzen
da.
Sortaren intentsitatearen aldaketaren ondorioz, dentsitatea edo belztun
fotografikoa imaginan pixka bat aldatu egiten da, anodo aldera gutxiago izanez,
pixkanaka handitzen joateko katodo aldera.
4
5. Loditasun ezberdinetako organismoaren zonaldeetako radiografiatan
dentsitatean oreka lortzeko efektu anodikoa erabili behar da, zonalde estua
(burua) anodo aldera jartzen da.
Pelikulako dentsitatearen formula (mA eta Kbtajearen erlazioa)
mAaren efektutik hasita (X izpiren sortako fotoien kopuruan) eta
Kbtajearen efektua (kalitatean edo energian), formula bat ezarri zen:
E = Kb5 . mAs
(Esponentzialaren balorea 100Kbtaje arte 5ekoa da, 100Kb, 4ko da)
Formula honek (E) esposizioko baloreak biderkadura moduan
erlazionatzen ditu. E letrak belztu ere esan nahi du – pelikularen dentsitate
fotografikoa.
Formularen aplikatasun praktikoa:
1. Kbtajeari buruz:
• Pelikulako belztunearen (dentsitate fotográfikoa) mailan
kiloboltajearen efektua nabarmenagoa da mAstan baino (ber
delako). Kbtajearen aldaketa txiki bat pelikularen dentsitatean
optikoki nabarmena dela esanahi du.
• Kilovoltajearen aldaketa dentsitate fotofrafikoarenkin ez da
zuzenki proportzionala.
2. mAsri buruz:
• mAs eta dentsitatea zuzenki proportzionalak dira (horregatik, mAs
aldatzen dira kb finko mantenduta).
• mAs %25 aldatu behar dira edo baita %30 arte pelikulako
dentsitatean aldaketan bat ikusteko.
3. Eri buruz:
• Erradiografia baten dentsitate egokia (esposaketa egokia)
Kbtajearen eta mAsaren bat-etortzearekin lortzen da.
• Dentsitate egokia mantendu daiteke Kb eta mAs aldatuta ondoren
aspaldiko %15ko araudiaren arabera. Dentsitate bera lortzen da
(baina kontraste desberdina) Kb %15 igotzen badira eta mAs zati
bi egiten badira.
Kb +
mAs/2
15% 5
6. Horregatik hurrengo balore-jokuak dentsitateari buruz
baliokideak dira:
50 Kb y 400 mAs
58 Kb y 200 mAs
66 Kb y 100 mAs
76 Kb y 50 mAs
• Kontrastea: Erradiografiaren zonalde argiko eta iluneko dentsitateen
desberdintasunak.
Kontrastea, sortako energiaren menpe dago.
Hurrengo irudian energía desberdinak ikusten dira
(40tik 100kbtajeraino mailakatuta). Kb handitzean
irudiaren dentsitate globala ere handitzen da eta
kontrastea gutxitzen da.
• Erresoluzio
Irudiko egituraren gardentasunean datza. Xehetasunari ere deitzen zaio.
Erresoluzio faltari gandua deitzen zaio. Gandua mugimenduaren (borondatezko
edo oharkabeko mugimendua), foku-pelikulako distantziaren, fokuaren
tamainaren (foku fina, foku lodia) ondorio izan daiteke.
6
7. Esposimetria automatikoa:
Esposizioaren kontrol automatikoak (behar ditugun mAs dentsitate egokia
lortzeko) gizakiaren hanka-sartzea saihesteko balio du (oso kontrolatuta izanda
ere teknika librean kiloboltajea eta mAs aukeratu ondoren, balitezke akatsak
izatea).
Adibidea: baliteke jakitea pazientearen lodiera, baina aldez aurretik,
erradiografiatu behar den zonaldearen dentsitatea ezin da jakin. Nola dakigu
paziente baten toraxen garrantzizko isurketa (derrame) pleurala dagoen edo
ez?
Esposizioaren kontrol automatikoek behar den erradiazio kopurua neurtzen
dute, dentsitate egokia lortzeko. Lehenik, kb-a aukeratu behar da, teknika
erradiografikoak erabakitzen duena. Kontroladorea edo esposimetria
automatikoa, denbora egokia eta gutxienekoa erabili ondoren esposizioa
mozten du, aukeratutako kv-aren eta generadoreko potentziaren arabera,
mAs-taz arduratzen da.
Bete behar dituzten baldintzak:
• Erradiazioa detektatu behar dute.
• Aldez aurretik lotutako erradiazioaren dosia neurtu behar dute.
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8. • Dosi horri erantzun behar dute seinale elektriko txiki batekin, horrek
esposizioko interruptorea irekitzen du.
Detektoreak edo esposimetria automatikoko kamarak 3 dira,
itxura desberdinetakoak (erdiko detektagailua angeluzuzena da
eta bi albokoak zirkularrak edo karratuak dira).
Zer detektagailu aukeratu behar den teknikariaren lana da.
Instalazioa piztu ondoren, hiru detektagailuak piztuta agertzen
dira.
Adibidea: paziente baten abdomena, ebakuntza izan berria: erdiko
detektagailua bakarrik erabiltzen baldin bada, bizkarrezurrean dentsitate egokia
lortuko da, baina abdomena oso irradiatuta geratuko da (kasu honetan, alboko
detektagailuak aukeratu behar dira).
Esposimetria automatikoko ekipoa oso perfekzionatua izanda ere pertsona
“normal samarrentzat” diseinatua dago. Badaude pazienteak bere gorpuzkera
edo patologiarengatik teknika librea erabili beharra.
Kontroladore automatikoak tenporizadore batekin batestuta daude,honek,
sistemaren akatsaren kasuan esposizioa mozten du (adibidez, 50kb-kin,
600mAs-raz iristen denean esposizioa mozten da).
Laburpena:
• Erradiografiatu behar dugun zonaldea kolimatu.
• Kb-a aukeratu.
• Lana egin behar duten detektagailu edo detektagailuak aukeratu.
• Esposaketako denbora ahaztu (generadoreko potentziaren arabera
egokiena eta gutxienekoa izango da).
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