Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist and short story writer known for his direct and spare prose style. Some of his most famous works include The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and The Old Man and the Sea. He was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature. The document provides biographical details about Hemingway's life and career, discusses his writing style which uses simple and vigorous language, and lists some of his notable novels and short story collections.

1. ERNEST
HEMINGWAY
and his works

2. Ernest Hemingway
 American novelist
 short story writer
 a war correspondent
 avid hunter and angler
 journalist
 winner of the 1954 Nobel Prize in literature

3. —Ernest Hemingway
“As a writer, you should not judge,
you should understand.”

4. Ernest Miller Hemingway
-was born on July 21, 1899, in Cicero (now in Oak Park), Illinois.
-was raised in the conservative suburb of Chicago, but the family also spent a great deal
of time in northern Michigan.
-in high school, Hemingway worked on his school newspaper
-after graduation went to work for the Kansas City Star
-in 1918, Hemingway went overseas to serve in World War I in the Italian
Army.
-he was awarded the Italian Silver Medal of Bravery, but soon
sustained injuries.
-there he met a nurse named Agnes von Kurowsky, who soon
accepted his proposal of marriage, but later left him for
another man.
-this devastated the young writer but provided fodder for
his works "A Very Short Story" and, more famously, “A
Farewell to Arms”.

5. Ernest Miller Hemingway
● Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and he won
the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
○ He published seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works. Many of his
works are considered classics of American literature.
■ In 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson, the first of four wives. They moved to
Paris where he worked as a foreign correspondent and fell under the influence of
the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s' "Lost Generation" expatriate community.
● His debut novel ”The Sun Also Rises ” was published in 1926. He divorced
Richardson in 1927 and married Pauline Pfeiffer; they divorced after he returned
from the Spanish Civil War, where he had been a journalist. He based ”For Whom
the Bell Tolls ” (1940) on his experience there.
○ Martha Gellhorn became his third wife in 1940; they separated after he
met Mary Welsh in London during World War II.
■ He almost died in 1954 after plane crashes on successive days; injuries
left him in pain and ill health for much of the rest of his life.
● In 1959, he bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, where, in mid-1961,
he ended his own life.

6. Hemingway’s writing style
● Ernest Hemingway is considered as one of the greatest stylists of twentieth-century
American literature.
● From the beginning of his writing career in the 1920s, Hemingway's writing style
occasioned a great deal of comment and controversy. Basically, a typical Hemingway
novel or short story is written in simple, direct, unadorned prose. Possibly, the style
developed because of his early journalistic training. The reality, however, is this: Before
Hemingway began publishing his short stories and sketches, American writers affected
British mannerisms.
● When Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1954, his writing style was
singled out as one of his foremost achievements. The committee recognized his "forceful
and style-making mastery of the art of modern narration."

7. Hemingway’s writing style
● Hemingway has often been described as a master of dialogue; in story after story,
novel after novel, readers and critics have remarked, "This is the way that these
characters would really talk."
● It is reported that he wrote and rewrote all, or portions, of The Old Man and the
Sea more than two hundred times before he was ready to release it for publication.
● Hemingway took great pains with his work; he revised tirelessly. "A writer's style," he
said, "should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words
simple and vigorous." Hemingway more than fulfilled his own requirements for good
writing. His words are simple and vigorous, burnished and uniquely brilliant.

8. Notable works written by E. Hemingway
Novels
The Torrents of Spring (1925)
The Sun Also Rises (1926)
A Farewell to Arms (1929)
To Have and Have Not(1937)
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
Across the River and Into the Trees (1950)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
Adventures of a Young Man (1962)
Islands in the Stream (1970)
The Garden of Eden (1986)
Nonfiction
Death in the Afternoon (1932)
Green Hills of Africa (1935)
The Dangerous Summer (1960)
A Moveable Feast (1964)
Short Story Collections
Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923)
In Our Time (1925)
Men Without Women (1927)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1932)
Winner Take Nothing (1933)
The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine
Stories (1938)
The Essential Hemingway (1947)
The Hemingway Reader (1953)
The Nick Adams Stories (1972)

9. Published in 1933
Setting: At night/early morning in a cafe in
a Spanish- speaking community
Time period: 1920's- 1930's
Characters:
Old Man
Old Waiter
Young Waiter
A Clean ,Well-lighted Place
This piece takes an
existential look at religion,
life, and old age and
might be one of
Hemingway’s most
anthologized works.

10. Plot Summary
During the dark hours of the early morning, in a well-
lighted, Spanish cafe, a deaf old man drinks
brandy. There are only three people in the cafe: a
younger waiter, an older waiter, and the old man.
The young waiter is angry and irritated; he
wishes that the old man would leave so that he
can close the cafe and go home to his wife. He
insults the old man and does not care much
about the older waiter's feelings when he states
that "an old man is a nasty thing." The older
waiter, however, realizes that the old man, who is
continuously drinking, is not nasty; he is just
lonely. The old man's loneliness may have been
the reason he had tried to kill himself the
previous week, but was unexpectedly saved by
his niece, who feared for his soul.
When the old man leaves, the waiters close the cafe.
The young waiter heads home, and the older
waiter walks to an all-night bar. On his way there,
he has a conversation with himself and uses the
word 'nada' excessively, which means nothing in
Spanish. When the bartender asks him, the
waiter, what he would like he asks for a cup of
nada, and the bartender gives him a cup of
coffee telling himself that the older waiter is just
another crazy person.
The older waiter completely understands the feelings
of the old man, and he realizes, but does not
want to admit, that he will also be in that
situation very soon, whereas the younger waiter
seems very insensitive towards the feelings of
others. Finishing the coffee, the older waiter
starts walking back home, but he knows he will
not be able to sleep, and tries to convince himself
he has insomnia. Until then, he must try to cope
bravely with the dark nothingness of the night.

11. Character Descriptions
1. The Younger Waiter
He is an impatient young man who gets
irritated with the old man for staying so late at
the cafe. He only cares about going back home
to his wife. He does not try to think about why
the old man stays so long. He is also shown to
be naive when he says that people who have
money have no reason to commit suicide.
2. The Older Waiter
He is a kind old man who is sympathetic of the
old man who comes to the cafe. He seems to
understand the feeling of being alone and
having nothing. However, he does not want to
admit that he is lonely. Instead, he convinces
himself that he has insomnia and continues to
ponder throughout the night.
3. The Old Man
He is a deaf man who likes to drink at the cafe
at night. He is a good customer, but forgets to
pay when he gets too drunk. He does not talk
much but we learn a lot about him from the two
waiters. They said that he has a lot of money
and that he once tried to commit suicide but
his niece saved him over fear for his soul. He
seems to be a lonely old man who comes to the
cafe to try and drink his sorrows away.

12. Themes
Symbols
The Café
The café represents the opposite
of nothingness: its cleanliness
and good lighting suggest
order and clarity, whereas
nothingness is chaotic,
confusing, and dark.
Light
It illuminates the connection
between the old man and the
older waiter, both of whom
favor well-lighted places
especially at night.
- Life as Nothingness
- The Struggle to Deal with Despair
Motifs
Loneliness
Loneliness pervades “A Clean, Well-Lighted
Place” and suggests that even though
there are many people struggling with
despair, everyone must struggle alone.

13. Language
In a Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway describes the old man's loneliness and
despair in a four, short pages. Most of the story does not contain descriptive
language but consists of dialogue between the waiters and inner monologue. In
fact, the most descriptive line in the whole story is: "It was late and everyone had
left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made
against the electric light". The old waiter is always asking questions to the young
waiter who responds to his questions in a blunt manner. He does not seem to
care whether he insults people seeing as he tells the old waiter, "An old man is a
nasty thing.”, despite the fact that the older waiter is getting to be an old man
himself. The older waiter is more reserved with his judgments and seems to be
more knowing of the world and its hardships. This story may not be very eloquent
but it’s simple and powerful words leave the reader with a deep empathy for the
old man as well as a hole in the heart that cannot truly be filled.

14. The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife
a short story by Ernest Hemingway,
published in the 1925 New York edition
of In Our Time, by Boni & Liveright.
The story is the second in the collection
to feature Nick Adams, Hemingway’s
autobiographical alter ego.

15. Characters of the story
1. The Doctor (Henry Adams): Nick Adams' father
2. Dick Boulton: “big man”, likes to fight, owes the doctor money, “half
breed”, lazy , Native American
3. Eddy Boulton: Dick’s son
4. Billy Tabeshaw: Native American, doesn’t understand English, large
5. Doctor’s Wife: Christian scientist, religious, sanctimonious, wants to
know about her husband’s business
6. Nick Adams: Character used in a lot of Hemingway's stories, little boy
during the story, unhappy with the mother that he has (chooses to go
off in the woods with Henry when his mom asks him to come talk to
her)

16. Nick Adams' father, Dr. Adams, hires a crew of Native
Americans to remove the four large beech logs from
the lake's log boom that drifted up on his beach. Dick
Boulton, his son Eddy, and Billy Tabeshaw, come
through the back gate from the woods, bringing cant
hooks, axes and a crosscut saw to cut the logs into
cord wood. Boulton compliments Dr. Adams on the
timber he is stealing from the logging company; Dr.
Adams asserts that the logs are driftwood. Boulton
washes a log in the surf, uncovers its mark and tells
the doctor it belongs to White and McNally. The
doctor becomes uncomfortable, decides not to saw
up the logs, but Boulton says it makes no difference to
him who the logs are stolen from. The two men
engage in a verbal exchange, and when the doctor
threatens Boulton with violence, Boulton mocks him.
The doctor leaves the beach in anger, walking back
to his cottage. He goes to his bedroom, sits on his
bed, and stares with anger at a pile of medical
journals still in their wrappers. In the adjacent room
his wife lies on her bed with a Bible, a copy of Mary
Baker Eddy's Science and Health with Key to the
Scriptures, and an issue of the Christian Science
Quarterly. She asks whether he is going back to work;
he explains that he had an altercation with Boulton.
She asks whether he lost his temper and quotes
Scripture, while, in the next room, the doctor sits on
his bed and cleans his gun, pushing shells in and out
of the magazine. When she presses him about the
nature of the dispute he tells her Boulton owes for
having his wife treated for pneumonia and does not
want to have to work for the doctor. She expresses
her disbelief of the explanation and the doctor leaves
the house. His wife calls after him to send Nick to her.
The doctor finds Nick sitting under a tree, reading a
book, who tells his father he wants to go with him.
Nick suggests they go into the woods to hunt
squirrels.
Plot Summary

17. Themes
This story expands on the theme of masculinity to examine male-male and male-female
relationships. The interaction between Nick's father and Dick reveals the importance
of pride in male-male relationships. Even though everyone knows what the doctor is
doing with the logs, the doctor cannot simply give in to Dick's tormenting. Dick and
the other men also understand the doctor's reaction. He could not take such abuse
from Dick. However, in the doctor's relationship with his wife, such understanding
does not exist. Nick's father does not want to answer her questions, and, when he
does, he lies to her. He seems to assume that she will not understand his reasoning.
Plus, the doctor's wife's religious insistence that he not lose his temper shows that
she does not want him to be stereotypically male: aggressive and territorial. Nick's
father decides to go hunting, where he can express his masculinity. When Nick
decides to go with him, then, Nick too is showing an interest in male-male interaction
over male-female interaction.

18. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!