This document discusses various periodontal indices used to assess oral health status. It describes the Gingival Index (GI) developed by Loe and Silness to evaluate gingival inflammation severity and location using a 0-3 scoring system. Six index teeth are examined. The Periodontal Index (PI) assesses periodontal disease status using scores from 0-8. The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) is used to plan prevention and control of periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. Scores include codes for healthy tissue to pockets over 6mm. The document also mentions factors like age, sex, socioeconomics, smoking, and systemic diseases that can influence periodontal health.

2.  Ging.
 P.L.
 Alveolar Bone
 Cementum

4.  “ a numerical value describing the relative status
of a population on a graduated scale with
definite upper and lower limits, which is
designed to permit and facilitate comparison
with other populations classified by the same
criteria and method”.

5.  P.M.A.
 GI
 PI
 OHI, OHI-S
 CPITN

6.  P.M.A. INDEX (Papillay, Marginal, Attached)

7.  First numerical index
 Name: ging. Inflam. :
interdent pap. (P) Marg. ging. (M0
Attach. Ging (A)

8.  Mild: 1-4 P, 0-2 M
 Moderate: 4-8 P, 2-4 M
 Severe:>8 P, >4 M or A

9.  Total no. counted
 Group: sum of ging. Units/ no. of ind.

10.  The Gingival Index (GI)
 Was developed by Loe and Silness to describe
the clinical severity of gingival inflammation as
well as its location.
 Score 0-3

11.  0: Absent
 1: mild inflam, slight red., slight oedema, probing
No bleed.
 2: Mod inflam, odema, red, bleed.
 3: Severe inflan

12.  Teeth examined:
 It’s a partial recording system, six teeth are
selected for examination.
6 2 4
4 2 6

13.  Index of a tooth =MDBL surfaces /4
 Index of the teeth= sum of ind tooth score/6

14.  PERIODONTAL INDEX ( PI)
 Introduced by Russel A.L. 1956
 Purpose
To assess and score the periodontal disease status
of populations.

15.  0: negative
 1: mild
 2: gingivitis
 6: gingivitis with pocket formation
 8: advanced destruction with loss of function

16.  Total record sys
 Ind.= Sum of teeth/no.
 Group= Sum of ind/no.

17.  7 1 4
4 1 7

18.  Oral hygiene indices
 Purpose:
To assess the extent of plaque and debris over a
tooth surface .

19. Oral Hygiene Index -
(Greene and Vermillion, 1960)

20.  Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)
 Purpose:
 To assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth
surface covered with debris or calculus.

21.  Comparison with OHI:
 Tooth selection: in the OHI the examiner has to
select the tooth with the most debris or calculus
in each sextant. The OHI-S assesses 6 specific
teeth, 1 each sextant.
 Number of surfaces: in the OHI, 12 surfaces are
evaluated; only 6 surfaces are used in the OHI-S.
 Scoring: the OHI ranges from 0 to 12: the OHI-S
ranges from 0 to 6.

22.  Criteria for classifying debris

24.  DI= sum of DI of 12 teeth/12
 CI = sum of CI of 12 teeth/12
 OHI= DI+CI
OHI-S

25.  THE COMMUNITY PERIODONTAL INDEX OF
TREATMENT NEEDS ( CPITN)
 It’s a procedure which uses clinical parameters
and criteria relevant to planning for the
prevention and control of periodontal diseases.

27.  Children and adolescents (7 to 19 years of age)

28.  Code 0: healthy
 Code 1: Bleed---- gentle prob.
 Code 2: Supra/Subging. Calculus
 Code 3: Pocket 4-5mm
 Code 4: > 6mm
 Code x: abscent or only one tooth in a sexant

29.  Classification of Treatment Needs
 TN-0 No treatment
 TN-1 Improvement of personal oral hygiene..
 TN-2 Professional scaling and removal of
plaque
 TN-3 Complex treatment which can involve
deep scaling, root planning and complex
procedures.

31.  Host
 Agent
 Environment

32.  Age: mixed dent
 Sex: Developed/ developing
 OH:
 Socioeconomic:
 Smoking:
 Systemic dis: Diabetes
 Nutrition : Vit.
 Occ . Abnormalities: crowd., prot .
 Race

33.  Dent Plaque
 Bacteria

34.  Geog. Distr.
 F conc.
 Oral environment: Prosth. and DC