The document provides an outline for a presentation on international law, Brazilian law, indigenous peoples' rights, and sustainable development in Brazil. The presentation introduction gives background on Brazil, its government and legal system. It discusses the Amazon region and definitions of sustainable development. It then outlines major international treaties related to sustainable development and environmental issues. Next, it describes challenges around deforestation and balancing development and environmental protection under Brazilian law. Further research topics proposed are indigenous rights, economic perspectives on sustainable development, and methods for conducting additional research.
The document discusses the concept of the blue economy and its relevance in the Indian Ocean region. It provides background on definitions of related terms like ocean economy, blue growth, and analyzes the blue economic potential and issues in the Indian Ocean. Key points include:
1) The blue economy encompasses sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth while protecting ocean health, though definitions vary.
2) The Indian Ocean's economy is diverse and accounts for a significant portion of global GDP and population.
3) Sri Lanka is well positioned for blue economic development but faces issues like threats to resources and lack of sustainable strategies.
4) Developing strong regional cooperation will help Indian Ocean countries sustainably develop marine resources.
IISD Summary of Informal Negotiations- Monday, March 19th 2012uncsd2012
This document summarizes discussions from the first day of informal consultations on the zero draft outcome document for the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). Delegates discussed the preamble and began discussions on Section III concerning the green economy. Key issues included: references to human rights and poverty; priorities for a green economy transition in developing countries; and country responsibility and enabling environments for green economy policies. Discussions will continue on further refining the text around these topics.
This document summarizes a report about the rising number of killings of environmental and land defenders between 2002 and 2013. Some key points:
- The number of killings tripled between 2002 and 2012, with 147 deaths in 2012 making it the deadliest year. On average there are now two activists killed per week.
- A total of 908 defenders were killed in 35 countries during that period, though the real number is likely higher. Brazil had the most deaths with 448 cases, followed by Honduras and the Philippines.
- Impunity is a major issue, as only around 1% of killings have resulted in convictions. This lack of accountability silences other activists and deters environmental protection.
Indigenous peoples account for over 350 million individuals from more than 70 countries, with over 5,000 unique cultures and languages. Historically, indigenous peoples have suffered acts of genocide, diseases, oppression, land expropriation, and environmental degradation that continue to threaten their livelihoods. While the UN has declared two International Decades for Indigenous Peoples to address these issues, indigenous peoples still face among the worst poverty, health, and social conditions. Recognition of indigenous peoples' rights has increased through international agreements, but full rights declarations have not been achieved and exploitation of indigenous lands and resources continues.
Avoided deforestation and the tights of indigenous and local communitiesDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses concerns around "avoided deforestation" policies and initiatives that aim to reduce emissions from deforestation. It notes that while reducing deforestation could help mitigate climate change, top-down approaches risk violating the rights and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local forest communities. Specifically, there are concerns that initiatives could lead to increased state control over forests, exclusionary conservation models, unjust blaming of forest peoples as drivers of deforestation, and unequal costs imposed on indigenous groups. Strong protections for community rights and priorities would need to be guaranteed for avoided deforestation to benefit rather than harm forest-dependent populations.
Climate change and land rights of Indigenous peoples CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Andrea Carmen at "Indigenous Peoples’ rights and land tenure" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
The status of indigenous and community land rights in Latin America. The question of who owns the world’s lands and natural resources is a major source of contestation around the globe, affecting prospects for rural economic development, human rights and dignity, cultural survival, political stability, conservation of the environment, and efforts to combat climate change.
The document discusses the concept of the blue economy and its relevance in the Indian Ocean region. It provides background on definitions of related terms like ocean economy, blue growth, and analyzes the blue economic potential and issues in the Indian Ocean. Key points include:
1) The blue economy encompasses sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth while protecting ocean health, though definitions vary.
2) The Indian Ocean's economy is diverse and accounts for a significant portion of global GDP and population.
3) Sri Lanka is well positioned for blue economic development but faces issues like threats to resources and lack of sustainable strategies.
4) Developing strong regional cooperation will help Indian Ocean countries sustainably develop marine resources.
IISD Summary of Informal Negotiations- Monday, March 19th 2012uncsd2012
This document summarizes discussions from the first day of informal consultations on the zero draft outcome document for the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). Delegates discussed the preamble and began discussions on Section III concerning the green economy. Key issues included: references to human rights and poverty; priorities for a green economy transition in developing countries; and country responsibility and enabling environments for green economy policies. Discussions will continue on further refining the text around these topics.
This document summarizes a report about the rising number of killings of environmental and land defenders between 2002 and 2013. Some key points:
- The number of killings tripled between 2002 and 2012, with 147 deaths in 2012 making it the deadliest year. On average there are now two activists killed per week.
- A total of 908 defenders were killed in 35 countries during that period, though the real number is likely higher. Brazil had the most deaths with 448 cases, followed by Honduras and the Philippines.
- Impunity is a major issue, as only around 1% of killings have resulted in convictions. This lack of accountability silences other activists and deters environmental protection.
Indigenous peoples account for over 350 million individuals from more than 70 countries, with over 5,000 unique cultures and languages. Historically, indigenous peoples have suffered acts of genocide, diseases, oppression, land expropriation, and environmental degradation that continue to threaten their livelihoods. While the UN has declared two International Decades for Indigenous Peoples to address these issues, indigenous peoples still face among the worst poverty, health, and social conditions. Recognition of indigenous peoples' rights has increased through international agreements, but full rights declarations have not been achieved and exploitation of indigenous lands and resources continues.
Avoided deforestation and the tights of indigenous and local communitiesDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses concerns around "avoided deforestation" policies and initiatives that aim to reduce emissions from deforestation. It notes that while reducing deforestation could help mitigate climate change, top-down approaches risk violating the rights and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local forest communities. Specifically, there are concerns that initiatives could lead to increased state control over forests, exclusionary conservation models, unjust blaming of forest peoples as drivers of deforestation, and unequal costs imposed on indigenous groups. Strong protections for community rights and priorities would need to be guaranteed for avoided deforestation to benefit rather than harm forest-dependent populations.
Climate change and land rights of Indigenous peoples CIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation by Andrea Carmen at "Indigenous Peoples’ rights and land tenure" Discussion Forum on the first day of the Global Landscapes Forum 2015, in Paris, France alongside COP21. For more information go to: www.landscapes.org.
The status of indigenous and community land rights in Latin America. The question of who owns the world’s lands and natural resources is a major source of contestation around the globe, affecting prospects for rural economic development, human rights and dignity, cultural survival, political stability, conservation of the environment, and efforts to combat climate change.
The document discusses several international conventions related to biodiversity conservation:
1. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to conserve biodiversity, sustainably use its components, and fairly share benefits from genetic resources. It entered into force in 1993 and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols.
2. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) regulates wildlife trade to prevent overexploitation of species. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3. Biological diversity represents genetic variation within and among species and is a valuable global asset, leading to the creation of conventions like CBD and CITES to conserve it for present and future generations.
The document discusses the World Heritage Convention of 1972. It was created by UNESCO to address preserving important cultural and natural sites around the world. The convention has six main goals, including encouraging more countries to sign on and identifying properties for the World Heritage List. States must meet criteria to have a site included. The US played a key role in establishing the convention and currently has 22 sites listed, though one is endangered. Implementation and oversight of sites varies by country. Egypt faces challenges preserving its sites due to political turmoil following the Arab Spring uprisings.
World heritage sites and indigenous peoples rights an introductionDr Lendy Spires
The document introduces issues regarding the impact of UNESCO World Heritage sites on indigenous peoples' rights. It notes that while over 100 World Heritage sites are located fully or partially within indigenous territories, the impact has not always been positive. The UN Special Rapporteur has highlighted concerns over indigenous peoples' lack of participation in nomination and management of sites, and the negative impacts on their lands and resources. The purpose of the book is to analyze case studies of sites to identify issues, gaps, and actions needed to ensure the Convention supports human rights and is consistent with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The document provides information about the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It discusses that CBD is an international treaty with the goals of conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable sharing of genetic resources. CBD has 196 parties and aims to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Conference of Parties (COP) is CBD's governing body that meets every two years to review progress. CBD also has two protocols on biosafety and access to genetic resources. Sustainable use of biodiversity and fair benefit sharing from genetic resources are important principles of CBD.
Although the state of the world's indigenous peoples is alarming, there is some cause for optimism. The international community increasingly recognizes indigenous peoples' human rights, most prominently evidenced by the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous peoples themselves continue to organize for the promotion of their rights. They are the stewards of some of the world's most biologically diverse areas and their traditional knowledge about the biodibversity of these areas is invaluable. As the effects of climate change are becoming clearer, it is increaslingly evident that indigenous peoples must play a central role in developing adaptation and mitigation efforts to this global challenge.
The State of the World's Indigenous Peoples is the result of a collaborative effort, organized by the Secretariat of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. The Chapters were written by independent experts.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international legally binding treaty adopted in 1992. It aims to promote the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD recognizes that states have sovereign rights over their natural resources, and aims to ensure these resources are used in a sustainable manner. It also promotes cooperation between countries in biodiversity conservation. The CBD has near universal membership, with 196 parties that have agreed to its objectives.
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD
Convention on biodiversity
History of CBD
Rio Earth Summit 1992
Main features of Earth Summit
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCCD
UNFCCC
Goals of CBD
United Nations Climate Change
Kyoto protocol
Key features of Kyoto protocol
Carbon credits
Annex I countries
Non - Annex I countries
The Copenhagen Accord
Green Climate Fund
Paris Agreement
Copenhagan Protocol
BASIC countries
Conference of the Parties COP
This document discusses several international treaties related to biodiversity and intellectual property, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD aims to conserve global biodiversity and mediate competing claims over genetic resources between industrialized and developing states. It has three main objectives: conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of biodiversity components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resource use. The document examines key CBD provisions related to intellectual property and compares it to other agreements governing these issues from property-oriented and commons-oriented perspectives.
The document summarizes gender-related decisions and text from the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) over the past 20 years, beginning with the preamble of the CBD that recognizes the vital role women play in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. It discusses how subsequent COP decisions have increasingly recognized the importance of promoting gender equality and women's participation in policymaking and implementation related to biodiversity conservation to maximize efficacy. The compilation is intended as a reference tool to remind stakeholders of the strong foundation for continuing work toward truly sustainable development and gender-responsive implementation of CBD agreements.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/02.html
The Rio +20 Summit will address progress on sustainable development commitments from previous summits. Key issues include the green economy and poverty reduction. Agriculture can contribute to the green economy through sustainable practices that produce more with less and minimize environmental impacts. Farmers represent half the world's poor and managing natural resources sustainably helps alleviate poverty. The summit should develop approaches to reward farmers for ecosystem services and help them adapt to issues like drought and disasters.
This document analyzes REDD+ and other forestry incentive programs in Mesoamerican countries and their potential interaction with recognition of indigenous land rights. It discusses forest resources and indigenous populations in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. It also examines natural resource management systems of indigenous groups, advances in recognizing indigenous territorial rights and environmental policies, lessons from community forestry initiatives and payments for environmental services programs, and opportunities and limitations for REDD+ processes in indigenous territories in the region.
(2016 Report) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development GoalsDr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes the process by which the UN established the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It describes how Indigenous Peoples actively engaged through the Indigenous Peoples' Major Group to advocate for their rights and priorities to be included. While the final SDGs included some references to Indigenous Peoples, many key issues they proposed were not adequately addressed, such as their right to self-determined development and collective land rights. The document analyzes both the opportunities and disappointments of the SDGs for Indigenous Peoples and next steps for advocacy around implementation and indicators.
This document discusses environmental racism, which refers to the targeting of minority communities for toxic waste facilities and pollution. It provides historical context, describing how the term emerged in the 1970s-80s civil rights movement. Several cases are examined where minority communities suffered health impacts from nearby pollution, such as lead poisoning from e-waste in China and nitrate contamination of water supplies near North Carolina pig farms. International agreements like the Basel and Bamako Conventions aimed to restrict hazardous waste exports to developing nations. The document advocates for stronger laws and awareness campaigns in Pakistan to address environmental injustices.
The document discusses the transformation of indigenous governance in the Colombian Amazon over the past 30 years. It describes how indigenous groups have struggled to assert their identity and rights to their ancestral territories. With legal recognition of indigenous lands and rights in the 1990s Constitution, indigenous peoples have increasingly governed their own territories through their own organizations. The document outlines the progress made in strengthening indigenous culture, education, healthcare, and sustainable development projects through these governance systems. However, it also notes new threats from mining interests seeking to extract resources within indigenous territories.
Newsletter de la Société Civile à la COP 14 UNCCD INDIA -6 september, 2019Fatoumata Chérif
This document summarizes discussions that took place at the 2019 UNCCD COP-14 conference regarding land degradation and land tenure issues. It discusses interventions made highlighting the lack of land ownership for many women and calling for more power to local communities. It also advocates that achieving land degradation neutrality requires managing people and involving all stakeholders to sustainably manage land and lift the poorest from degraded lands. Regional representatives discussed tools for participatory land governance and the need to resolve land tenure issues to ensure food security, gender equality, and poverty reduction.
The committee discusses environmental refugees in Brazil. Deforestation and natural disasters have displaced thousands in Brazil. The Brazilian government has established organizations to aid and resettle refugees within Brazil through education, healthcare, and job training programs. Internationally, Brazil works with other countries to assist refugees, funding projects in Ecuador for refugees and signing agreements to aid integration. Through protected areas and reduced deforestation, Brazil has decreased environmental refugees from 3.4 million in the 1960s-1980s to many seeking refuge in Brazil currently. The newly elected president promises to continue aiding refugees and environmental protection.
Community based natural resources management in Cambodiamrlgregion
This document provides an overview of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Cambodia. It discusses RECOFTC, an organization that supports CBNRM through building local capacity and governance. CBNRM approaches in Cambodia include community forestry, community protected areas management, community fisheries, and community-based ecotourism. The goal of CBNRM is ecosystem conservation and community empowerment. The document also outlines Cambodia's legal framework and key institutions related to CBNRM, and discusses lessons learned from implementing CBNRM programs.
Este diagrama muestra las principales fuentes de energía renovable, incluyendo la eólica, solar, biomasa, hidráulica, mareomotriz y geotérmica. También se menciona la energía nuclear.
La informática en la educación ha logrado cambios significativos en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, permitiendo que sean de gran impacto para la sociedad. El documento describe el desarrollo de la informática desde las primeras computadoras hasta las actuales, incluyendo conceptos como hardware, software, lenguajes informáticos y materiales electrónicos. También cubre aplicaciones de la informática en la educación y características del software educativo.
Este documento trata sobre el derecho internacional privado. Explica que este derecho tiene la función de resolver conflictos legales sobre la nacionalidad de las personas y proteger los derechos de los extranjeros. También indica que el derecho internacional privado no es totalmente internacional ni privado, sino que cubre disciplinas extranjeras y judiciales que involucran a más de un estado. El objetivo es determinar qué legislación es competente cuando los asuntos legales involucran a más de una jurisdicción.
The document discusses several international conventions related to biodiversity conservation:
1. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to conserve biodiversity, sustainably use its components, and fairly share benefits from genetic resources. It entered into force in 1993 and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols.
2. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) regulates wildlife trade to prevent overexploitation of species. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3. Biological diversity represents genetic variation within and among species and is a valuable global asset, leading to the creation of conventions like CBD and CITES to conserve it for present and future generations.
The document discusses the World Heritage Convention of 1972. It was created by UNESCO to address preserving important cultural and natural sites around the world. The convention has six main goals, including encouraging more countries to sign on and identifying properties for the World Heritage List. States must meet criteria to have a site included. The US played a key role in establishing the convention and currently has 22 sites listed, though one is endangered. Implementation and oversight of sites varies by country. Egypt faces challenges preserving its sites due to political turmoil following the Arab Spring uprisings.
World heritage sites and indigenous peoples rights an introductionDr Lendy Spires
The document introduces issues regarding the impact of UNESCO World Heritage sites on indigenous peoples' rights. It notes that while over 100 World Heritage sites are located fully or partially within indigenous territories, the impact has not always been positive. The UN Special Rapporteur has highlighted concerns over indigenous peoples' lack of participation in nomination and management of sites, and the negative impacts on their lands and resources. The purpose of the book is to analyze case studies of sites to identify issues, gaps, and actions needed to ensure the Convention supports human rights and is consistent with the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The document provides information about the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It discusses that CBD is an international treaty with the goals of conservation, sustainable use, and fair and equitable sharing of genetic resources. CBD has 196 parties and aims to achieve the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Conference of Parties (COP) is CBD's governing body that meets every two years to review progress. CBD also has two protocols on biosafety and access to genetic resources. Sustainable use of biodiversity and fair benefit sharing from genetic resources are important principles of CBD.
Although the state of the world's indigenous peoples is alarming, there is some cause for optimism. The international community increasingly recognizes indigenous peoples' human rights, most prominently evidenced by the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Indigenous peoples themselves continue to organize for the promotion of their rights. They are the stewards of some of the world's most biologically diverse areas and their traditional knowledge about the biodibversity of these areas is invaluable. As the effects of climate change are becoming clearer, it is increaslingly evident that indigenous peoples must play a central role in developing adaptation and mitigation efforts to this global challenge.
The State of the World's Indigenous Peoples is the result of a collaborative effort, organized by the Secretariat of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. The Chapters were written by independent experts.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international legally binding treaty adopted in 1992. It aims to promote the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of biodiversity, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD recognizes that states have sovereign rights over their natural resources, and aims to ensure these resources are used in a sustainable manner. It also promotes cooperation between countries in biodiversity conservation. The CBD has near universal membership, with 196 parties that have agreed to its objectives.
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD
Convention on biodiversity
History of CBD
Rio Earth Summit 1992
Main features of Earth Summit
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCCD
UNFCCC
Goals of CBD
United Nations Climate Change
Kyoto protocol
Key features of Kyoto protocol
Carbon credits
Annex I countries
Non - Annex I countries
The Copenhagen Accord
Green Climate Fund
Paris Agreement
Copenhagan Protocol
BASIC countries
Conference of the Parties COP
This document discusses several international treaties related to biodiversity and intellectual property, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The CBD aims to conserve global biodiversity and mediate competing claims over genetic resources between industrialized and developing states. It has three main objectives: conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of biodiversity components, and fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resource use. The document examines key CBD provisions related to intellectual property and compares it to other agreements governing these issues from property-oriented and commons-oriented perspectives.
The document summarizes gender-related decisions and text from the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) over the past 20 years, beginning with the preamble of the CBD that recognizes the vital role women play in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. It discusses how subsequent COP decisions have increasingly recognized the importance of promoting gender equality and women's participation in policymaking and implementation related to biodiversity conservation to maximize efficacy. The compilation is intended as a reference tool to remind stakeholders of the strong foundation for continuing work toward truly sustainable development and gender-responsive implementation of CBD agreements.
DESA News is an insider's look at the United Nations in the area of economic and social development policy. The newsletter is produced by the Communications and Information Management Service of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in collaboration with DESA Divisions. DESA News is issued every month.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/newsletter/desanews/2014/02.html
The Rio +20 Summit will address progress on sustainable development commitments from previous summits. Key issues include the green economy and poverty reduction. Agriculture can contribute to the green economy through sustainable practices that produce more with less and minimize environmental impacts. Farmers represent half the world's poor and managing natural resources sustainably helps alleviate poverty. The summit should develop approaches to reward farmers for ecosystem services and help them adapt to issues like drought and disasters.
This document analyzes REDD+ and other forestry incentive programs in Mesoamerican countries and their potential interaction with recognition of indigenous land rights. It discusses forest resources and indigenous populations in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama. It also examines natural resource management systems of indigenous groups, advances in recognizing indigenous territorial rights and environmental policies, lessons from community forestry initiatives and payments for environmental services programs, and opportunities and limitations for REDD+ processes in indigenous territories in the region.
(2016 Report) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development GoalsDr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes the process by which the UN established the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). It describes how Indigenous Peoples actively engaged through the Indigenous Peoples' Major Group to advocate for their rights and priorities to be included. While the final SDGs included some references to Indigenous Peoples, many key issues they proposed were not adequately addressed, such as their right to self-determined development and collective land rights. The document analyzes both the opportunities and disappointments of the SDGs for Indigenous Peoples and next steps for advocacy around implementation and indicators.
This document discusses environmental racism, which refers to the targeting of minority communities for toxic waste facilities and pollution. It provides historical context, describing how the term emerged in the 1970s-80s civil rights movement. Several cases are examined where minority communities suffered health impacts from nearby pollution, such as lead poisoning from e-waste in China and nitrate contamination of water supplies near North Carolina pig farms. International agreements like the Basel and Bamako Conventions aimed to restrict hazardous waste exports to developing nations. The document advocates for stronger laws and awareness campaigns in Pakistan to address environmental injustices.
The document discusses the transformation of indigenous governance in the Colombian Amazon over the past 30 years. It describes how indigenous groups have struggled to assert their identity and rights to their ancestral territories. With legal recognition of indigenous lands and rights in the 1990s Constitution, indigenous peoples have increasingly governed their own territories through their own organizations. The document outlines the progress made in strengthening indigenous culture, education, healthcare, and sustainable development projects through these governance systems. However, it also notes new threats from mining interests seeking to extract resources within indigenous territories.
Newsletter de la Société Civile à la COP 14 UNCCD INDIA -6 september, 2019Fatoumata Chérif
This document summarizes discussions that took place at the 2019 UNCCD COP-14 conference regarding land degradation and land tenure issues. It discusses interventions made highlighting the lack of land ownership for many women and calling for more power to local communities. It also advocates that achieving land degradation neutrality requires managing people and involving all stakeholders to sustainably manage land and lift the poorest from degraded lands. Regional representatives discussed tools for participatory land governance and the need to resolve land tenure issues to ensure food security, gender equality, and poverty reduction.
The committee discusses environmental refugees in Brazil. Deforestation and natural disasters have displaced thousands in Brazil. The Brazilian government has established organizations to aid and resettle refugees within Brazil through education, healthcare, and job training programs. Internationally, Brazil works with other countries to assist refugees, funding projects in Ecuador for refugees and signing agreements to aid integration. Through protected areas and reduced deforestation, Brazil has decreased environmental refugees from 3.4 million in the 1960s-1980s to many seeking refuge in Brazil currently. The newly elected president promises to continue aiding refugees and environmental protection.
Community based natural resources management in Cambodiamrlgregion
This document provides an overview of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Cambodia. It discusses RECOFTC, an organization that supports CBNRM through building local capacity and governance. CBNRM approaches in Cambodia include community forestry, community protected areas management, community fisheries, and community-based ecotourism. The goal of CBNRM is ecosystem conservation and community empowerment. The document also outlines Cambodia's legal framework and key institutions related to CBNRM, and discusses lessons learned from implementing CBNRM programs.
Este diagrama muestra las principales fuentes de energía renovable, incluyendo la eólica, solar, biomasa, hidráulica, mareomotriz y geotérmica. También se menciona la energía nuclear.
La informática en la educación ha logrado cambios significativos en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, permitiendo que sean de gran impacto para la sociedad. El documento describe el desarrollo de la informática desde las primeras computadoras hasta las actuales, incluyendo conceptos como hardware, software, lenguajes informáticos y materiales electrónicos. También cubre aplicaciones de la informática en la educación y características del software educativo.
Este documento trata sobre el derecho internacional privado. Explica que este derecho tiene la función de resolver conflictos legales sobre la nacionalidad de las personas y proteger los derechos de los extranjeros. También indica que el derecho internacional privado no es totalmente internacional ni privado, sino que cubre disciplinas extranjeras y judiciales que involucran a más de un estado. El objetivo es determinar qué legislación es competente cuando los asuntos legales involucran a más de una jurisdicción.
This document provides an overview of autonomous vehicles from legal perspectives. It discusses the international legal framework under the Vienna Convention and emerging regulations. It also examines the legal situation in Switzerland and China. Key issues that laws may need to address for autonomous vehicles are liability, privacy of data collected, and how vehicles should be programmed to handle unavoidable accidents. Regulations will need to adapt to technological advances in autonomous vehicles.
This document summarizes the services of a digital solutions company called TechRacers. They help customers bring their ideas to reality by developing digital products and solutions. They offer web and mobile app development, cloud computing solutions, and other IT services. They aim to understand customers' needs and provide strategic, creative solutions.
This dissertation investigates the socio-economic impacts of MICE events on a rural host economy, using events held at the Birnam Arts and Conference Centre in Dunkeld & Birnam, Scotland as a case study. The research aims to fill a gap in the literature by analyzing the economic, social, and perceptual impacts of MICE events in a rural location. Both quantitative and qualitative data are collected through surveys of local business owners, residents, and event delegates. Results are analyzed to understand the economic injection into the local economy from delegate spending and venue revenue, as well as the social impacts and perceptions of events among residents. The study seeks to provide insight for local stakeholders on the value of MICE events in rural tourism and business planning
ePortfolios and Digital Badges to Motivate and Engage Service LearningKyle Lantz
This presentation was for the regional AAEEBL conference hosted at the University of Notre Dame in May 2016. This short presentation was meant to highlight a process by which eportfolios and digital badges were used in a service learning course and consider opportunities and potential areas of growth moving forward.
Are interpreters better respeakers? An exploratory study on respeaking compet...University of Warsaw
This document summarizes a research project that examined the competencies of respeaking, which is the process of listening to spoken language and typing what was said in real-time. The study compared the respeaking abilities of interpreters, translators, and a control group without interpreting/translation experience. Participants received respeaking training and were tested on working memory, paraphrasing, proofreading, and respeaking clips in their native Polish or interpreting into Polish. Preliminary results found interpreters scored higher than translators on working memory tests but there were no significant differences yet in respeaking accuracy or quality measures between the groups. The study aims to further investigate what skills make someone a good respeaker.
El documento describe los graves efectos del consumo de tabaco en la salud, incluyendo varios tipos de cáncer como pulmón, laringe, labio, boca, lengua, encías, dedos e incluso mama. Explica que el tabaco causa daños en el cuerpo de forma gradual y silenciosa, lo que dificulta la detección temprana del cáncer. Resalta que el tabaco es responsable directo del 92% de los casos de cáncer de pulmón y aumenta significativamente el riesgo de otros tipos de cán
This document discusses a case study of an 8-year old boy who suffered dog bites to his face, including his upper and lower lips and right cheek. He was treated with antibiotics, sutures, and the bioelectric dressing Procellera. His wounds healed well with minimal scarring. The document concludes that dog bites frequently cause poor cosmetic outcomes, but the use of Procellera in this case may have improved healing and reduced scarring compared to standard treatment.
Este documento presenta una propuesta de trabajo para la Dirección de Formación Continua en 2016. Propone ocho principios para la formación continua centrados en las prácticas docentes, el protagonismo de los estudiantes y el desarrollo de capacidades. También describe líneas de capacitación en alfabetización, matemáticas, gestión e inclusión digital, así como objetivos de trabajo para el año que incluyen la capacitación de docentes y la articulación con iniciativas nacionales.
Renovación pedagógica desde el uso de las ticAlberto Ortiz
Este documento presenta objetivos y metas para la renovación pedagógica en Colombia a través del uso de las TIC en la educación. Los objetivos incluyen dotar de infraestructura tecnológica a las instituciones educativas, fortalecer procesos pedagógicos mediante las TIC, e innovar la formación docente. Las metas propuestas son que para el 2010 todas las instituciones tengan acceso a internet y se hayan diseñado currículos que incluyan las TIC, y para el 2016 el 80% de los docentes est
Este capítulo discute la evaluación auténtica centrada en el desempeño como una alternativa a la evaluación tradicional. Argumenta que la evaluación debe guardar congruencia con la enseñanza situada en actividades auténticas. Describe la evaluación auténtica como aquella que evalúa aprendizajes en contextos reales mediante tareas complejas que demuestran habilidades. También presenta estrategias de evaluación auténtica como portafolios, observaciones y rúbricas, y cómo estas permiten una evaluación formativa que vincula enseñ
Fedex Business Model And Competitor AlsoShantam Vaish
In this presentation I would like to explain about the history of Fedex and also the supply chain management of fedex.Then after I explained that Who is the competitor of Fedex and SWOT analysis of Fedex.There so many facts and figure about fedex and ups. Some good images also catch the attention of audience.
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This document summarizes a report about the rising number of killings of environmental and land defenders between 2002 and 2013. Some key points:
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This document summarizes the political position and plan of action of indigenous women from their 2013 global conference in Lima, Peru. It discusses their stance on several upcoming UN processes in 2014-2015, including the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, Beijing+20, Cairo+20, and the Post-2015 Development Agenda. For the World Conference, indigenous women want the outcomes to highlight the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and focus on themes of indigenous lands/territories and free, prior and informed consent. They will advocate both within their own networks and before states and the UN on these priorities.
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Brazil is the largest country in South America with a population of over 173 million people. It has a tropical climate and Portuguese is the official language. Brazil declared independence from Portugal in 1822 and is now a federal republic made up of 26 states. Brazil has a growing economy and is expected to become one of the most powerful countries globally in the coming decades as part of the BRIC alliance with Russia, India and China. Brazil also has a large tourism industry and is famous for its soccer success and annual Carnival celebrations.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
9. Brazil Government and Legal System: Legislative power of Republic is exercised by a Congress formed by Chamber of Federal Deputies and Federal Senate. All representatives are elected by direct vote Judicial power is exercised by the Supreme Federal Court and the Superior Court of Justice, Federal Regional Courts, and Federal Judges, Military, Electoral, and Labor Courts. States have their own judiciary for State matters.
10. Brazil Courts and Legislature: Federal Supreme Court: declares unconstitutionality of treaty or federal law; and considers valid law or local government contested under Constitution. Superior Court of Justice: Adjudicates at Ordinary appeal level cases in which parties are foreign State or international organization on one part, and Municipality or person resident or domiciled in Brazil or another Federal Regional Courts: process and adjudicates: cases between foreign State or international organizations and Municipality or person domiciled or resident in Brazil ; cases based on treaty or contract of Republic with foreign State or international organization; and disputes over the right of Indians
11. The Amazon Terminology Clarifications: The Amazonia rainforest Represent an area greater than the scope of this research The Amazônia Legal Main scenario of this research Located in the Northern Region of Brazil The State of Amazonas Relevant for the purposes of this research because it is one of the states that comprises the Amazonia Legal
12. The Amazon The Amazon Biomass: Biomass: “group of eco regions, fauna, flora, dynamics of ecological processes and similar ecology” French Guiana, Guiana, Suriname, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Brazil Brazil hosts 63% of the total Amazon biomass 17% rate of deforestation in relation to its original mass
14. The Amazon The Amazônia Legal: Law No. 1.806 of December 6 of 1953: Established the region comprised of seven full states and parts of other two states Seeks economic development Takes in consideration the needs of the local community and the environment as limiting factors for economic development Represents 59% of the Brazilian territory Encompasses 63% of the total Rainforest Biomass. This is an area of 5 million square kilometers, or more than half of the forty-eight contiguous United States
15. The Amazon The Amazônia Legal: In 2004, it was 60% covered with forest (Original area was 74%) 27,5 billion dollars or 6.1% of Brazil’s GDP (2002) Land distribution: 24% Private 33 % Indigenous reserves 10 % Special Areas (Military, Protected Ecosystems) 33 % Disputed Lands or Lands with no ownership
17. International Law What is it? Rules of conduct that are binding on international actors in relations, transactions, and problems that transcend national frontiers In its initial phase states were regarded as the only legitimate international actors In the 20th Century, states ceased to be the sole subjects of international legal rules. This makes it possible the application of norms of conduct to a wide range of individuals, and institutions
18. International Law Sources of International as established by the International Court of Justice: International Conventions International Custom General Principles of Law Judicial decisions Teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations
19. Part II Material Researched: Definition of Sustainable Development Major International Treaties The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma The Brazilian Law in Respect to Sustainable Development Further Research
20. Definition of Sustainable Development Magraw and Hawke (2007): Acknowledges that important disagreements exist about its precise meaning and implications, and resistance to its definition still surfaces from time to time Sustainable development takes into account economic development, environmental protection (including human health), and social development (including human rights)
21. Definition of Sustainable Development Gould (2006): Has come to be a deeply contested and co-opted concept Sustainable development implies global, national, regional, and local development strategies that meet basic needs while ensuring the integrity of ecosystems, and doing so in a manner that does not reduce the capacity of future generations to do the same.
22. Definition of Sustainable Development Gould (Cont.): It also seeks to meets human’s needs and intragenerational, intergenerational, and international equity. Human basic needs means food, shelter, medicine, livelihood, and community Pearce (1999): Defines sustainable development as “economic development that lasts”, which in turn is defined as “non-declining consumption per capita, or GNP, or whatever the agreed indicator of development is”
23. Major International Treaties 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) For the first time, world’s government officially adopted sustainable development as the development paradigm 27 key principles are to guide the integration of environment and development policies Principle 7 of Rio Declaration states: ‘States shall cooperate in a spirit of global partnership to conserve, protect and restore the health and integrity of the Earth’s ecosystem. In views of different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities’
24. Major International Treaties In 1994 WTO recognized sustainable development as one of its objectives (1st paragraph of the preamble to the Marrakech Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization) For the first time in a renowned convention, in the 1995 World Summit for Sustainable Development there was an explicit linkage between economic development, social development, and environmental protection.
25. Major International Treaties 2000 United Nations Millennium Declaration: Reaffirmed concept of Sustainable Development agreed upon UNCED, including six fundamental values essential to international relations: Freedom Equality Solidarity Tolerance Respect for nature Shared responsibility
26. Major International Treaties 2002 WSSD in Johannesburg: Representatives from around the world reaffirmed their commitment to sustainable development. Plan of Implementation recognizes as ‘overacting objective of, and essential requirements for, sustainable development’: Poverty eradication Changing unsustainable consumption and production patterns Protecting and managing the natural resources base for economic and social development
27. Major International Treaties In 2005 UN released the Millennium Development Goals Report: Most countries have committed to the principles of sustainable development by incorporating them into national policies as well as agreeing to relevant international instruments. It also states that these good intentions have not resulted in sufficient progress to reverse the loss of environmental resources
28. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma 82.1% of Original cover remaining (FAO) Population continues to grow: 8.2 million* (1970) 17 million (1991) 20 million (2000) The Amazon Legal remains relatively under populated in relation to other regions of the country * Data did not include the state of Roraima
29. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Main Causes of Deforestation: Clearly (2000): Ranching Agriculture Timber extraction Urban expansion Brazilian Scientists: Public politics (environmental and economic) Institutional (fragility) Agrotechnology Socio-economic (i.e.: population, income, food demand) All of the above are intersected and act synergistically in the deforestation of the Amazon
30. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Rayfuse on the consequences of deforestation: “The consequence of deforestation are practical and ecological threatening economic, agricultural, medical, moral, and aesthetic interests and, ultimately, the continued viability of life on earth”
31. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Valadares (Brazilian Diplomat) wrote in 1991: “How much of the Brazilian forest has been destroyed? Some say 12 percent; others say 7 percent. The Brazilian government says 5 percent.”
32. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Anthony Hall: “There are a few statistics in Brazil as politically contentious as those on Amazonian deforestations… Officials also use them to illustrate the alleged power of government directly to contain deforestation through the application of policy measures.”
33. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma BBC News on President da Silva: “In a speech in Rio de Janeiro, President Lula said it was time for wealthy countries to do more to reduce gas emissions. He called on them to stop preaching on what to do with the Amazon rainforest.”
34. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Governor Blario Maggi: Governor Blario Maggi: "Brazilian producers are the only ones in the world who are obliged to maintain a reserve," Maggi said. "There should be a royalty for leaving those areas intact--they need to be compensated in some way." - On the law’s requirement 50 percent of new settled areas that are to be maintained as ‘legal reserve’
35. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Clearly (1993): “[The Amazon’s future is] unregulated and unregulatable, save by market mechanisms, highly volatile and sustained by a regional economy unable to generate sufficient formal sector employment.”
36. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Hall (1999): “Variations in deforestation rates appear to be far more sensitive to changing macroeconomic climate than to environmental controls” “Critics suggest that deforestation trends are not generally sensitive to environmental policy controls but are, rather, a function of macroeconomic factors such as inflation and land prices, or are condition by climatic phenomena such as the impact of El Niño in provoking forest fires.”
37. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Hirakuri’s “Can Law Save the Forest?”: She writes on the deficiencies of the Brazilian rule of law Has number of recommendations on how the law can become more efficient in terms of forestry management Does not grant the economic market full power in influencing rain forest matters
38. The Brazilian Environmental Dilemma Hirakuri’s “Can Law Save the Forest?”: Recommendations for the deforestation issue, illegal logging in particular: Factors that can be changed Regulatory approach Market-oriented approach Social control/consensus-oriented approach Factors that are more difficult to change Forest culture Forest land tenure Legitimacy of the government
39. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development Constitution Article 225: “Declares that the environment is a common heritage of the Brazilian people and entrusts the government and society with the duty to defend and preserve it for future generations” – Valadares (1991)
40. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development IBAMA : Stands for Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Resources Centralize government action concerning: Ecological issues Forestry exploitation Fishing Protection of ecological systems Came in the wake of vociferous domestic and international campaigning against accelerating deforestation and land conflict in Amazonia during the 1980s
41. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development Environmental Minister Marina Silva: Since the creation of IBAMA Brazil has enacted successful policies in respect to environmental protection in the Amazon. In 1989 there were 134 federal protection units that totaled 150 thousand square kilometers , now there are 288 federal protected unities that totals 700 thousand square kilometers (more than three times the area of Minnesota)
42. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development Hall (1999) on IBAMA: “In the region overall, there are some 275 IBAMA officials, or one for every 5,984 square miles .” “New environment minister dismissed a number of state-level IBAMA officials due to their proven involvement in illegal sales of timber from areas under their jurisdiction”
43. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development Hall (1999): “IBAMA had been deprived of statutory powers to enforce environmental laws. Congress had failed to authorize a measure propose in the 1988 Constitutional that would have allowed executive agencies to enforce environmental legislation. Partly as a result of this situation, IBAMA has managed to collect only six percent of fines (US$23 million) levied under the Forestry Code of 1965 ”
44. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development Law against Environmental Crimes effective from 30 March 1998 Imposes large fines and prison sentences for a range of offences, including illegal logging The law has been subject to President veto as the result of powerful lobby by certain interest groups, but should nonetheless provide IBAMA with the legal teeth it has been missing
45. The Brazilian Law and Sustainable Development 1996 Amazon Package: Limits forest removal on newly settled plots to 20 percent of the area, maintaining 80 percent as ‘legal reserve’ Before, Forestry Code of 1965 maintained 50% percent of newly settlement plots as ‘legal reserve’
46. Further Research Data: What sources are reliable? Actors: Actions of Politicians in respect to the Brazilian environmental dilemma What is the say of Brazilians in general on this issue, if any? International Community: What are the most recent international initiatives, treaties? Law What has been the outcome of the laws that were passed? What are the new laws that are being proposed? NGOs Are they beneficial or not? Should laws benefit/limit the power of NGOs?
47. Part III Next Topics: Indigenous Peoples Rights Sustainable Development (Economic perspective)
48. Indigenous Peoples Rights Issues: Broad discussion regarding the meaning of the term indigenous and its implications Indigenous peoples hold 33% of Amazonia Legal territory. Are their lands protected? Do they have too much land? What are they doing with their land? Should it matter? What are the datas? Are their voices being heard when domestic and international laws are passed? What are the human rights violations? Do they take their issues to the court? Can their interests intersect with sustainable development?
49. Sustainable Development (Economic perspective) What are the needs of the Brazilian economy in the forest? Who are the actors that benefiting the most with the resources available on Amazonia legal? The greater portion of society or big business? Should this be an issue? What are the most successful business in the Amazonia Legal region? What are the government’s current development programs? What are the politicians say on this matter? What is the voice of powerful interest groups that are pro-development? Can economic development be sensitive to indigenous peoples and the protection of the environment?
50. Part IV Ways of Conducting Research: Books: CLICnet Internet: Acess treaties Access Brazilian government websites Access to laws News Source (Brazilian as well as international) Articles NGOs websites Prof. Karen Vogel Continue to ask questions and guidance Write two more literature reviews papers (one on Brazilian indigenous peoples rights and the other on sustainable economic development)
51. Works Cited Magraw, Daniel B., and Hawke, Lisa D. 2007. “Sustainable Development.” In The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, ed. Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Bruneeé, and Ellen Hay. New York: Oxford University Press, 614. Pearce, David W. 1998. Economics and Environment: Essays on ecological economics and sustainable development. Northampton, Mass: Edward Elgar. Gould, Kenneth A. 2006. “Promoting Sustainability.” In public sociologies reader, ed. Judith Blau and Keri E. Iyvall Smith. Cleary, David. 2000. “Small-Scale Gold Mining in Brazilian Amazonia.” In Amazonia at the Crossroads: The Challenges of Sustainable Development, ed. Anthony Hall. Wallace, Scott. January 2007. Last of the Amazon. National Geographic. Hirakuri, Sofia R. 2003. Can Law Save the Forest?. http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/Law.pdf. (06/30/2007). Rayfuse, Rosemary. “Biological Resources.” In The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, ed. Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Bruneeé, and Ellen Hay. New York: Oxford University Press. Hall, Anthony. 2000. “Environment and Development in Brazilian Amazonia: From Protectionism to Productive Conservation.” In Amazonia at the Crossroads: The Challenges of Sustainable Development, ed. Anthony Hall. Lutzenberger, José A. 2001. “Who is destroying the Amazon rainforest?.” In Tropical Rainforests: Latin American Nature and Society in Transition, ed. Susan E. Place. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources.