2. POISONED PLANTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS Poison oak, poison ivy, and poison sumac
are common plants that are not poisonous.
However, they produce a sticky substance
called "urushiol" and stinging hairs that
triggers an allergic reaction when exposed
to the skin, most common are itchiness and
rash. It takes a few weeks (1-3 weeks) time
for the rash to disappear. Washing the area if
one encounters the substance is
recommended.
POISONED PLANTS
5. POISONED PLANTS
TIPS ON WHAT TO DO AFTER CONTACT
WITH POISONED PLANTS
STINGING HAIRS OF PLANTS SHOULD BE REMOVED TO PREVENT THE ENTRY OF
POISON INTO THE BODY. RUBBING OF THE AFFECTED AREA IS PROHIBITED TO AVOID
THE SPREADING OF THE HAIR AND POISON. THE STINGING HAIRS CAN BE REMOVED
BY USING DUCT TAPE OR TWEEZERS.
CLEAN THE AFFECTED AREA WITH SOAP AND WATER TO MINIMIZE THE OCCURRENCE
OF AN ALLERGIC REACTION.
THE CLOTHING SHOULD BE CHANGED AS IT MIGHT CARRY THE OIL AND INFECT AN
INDIVIDUAL FURTHER.
APPLY AN ICE-PACK FOR AROUND 15-30 MINUTES TO MAKE THE ITCHING LESS
SEVERE AND BRING COMFORT.
ITCHING CAN BE MADE LESS SEVERE BY APPLYING CALAMINE LOTION. ORAL
ANTIHISTAMINE IS RECOMMENDED TO EASE ITCHING.
7. LEECHES
ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
Hikers and mountain climbers come across
leeches that they find already latched firmly
on their skin. The leeches suck blood and do
not let go off quickly. The leeches fall off
once they are complete. However, they can
be removed by spraying alcohol or flame.
The site of the wound should be washed.
LEECHES (LIMATIK)
8. LEECHES
The most difficult part is when the leech enters
the eyes. Some hikers say they were able to
remove a leech by using tweezers. Others leave
it until the leech leaves on its own. The safest
way is to let medical personnel remove it.
LEECHES
10. SNAKE IS A REPTILE THAT IS ALSO A PART OF THE NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT WHERE ALL THE SPECIES, INCLUDING HUMANS,
COEXIST. PEOPLE SHOULD LEARN WAYS OF RESPECTING THEM
INSTEAD OF HURTING THEM. SNAKES HAVE THE DEFENSIVE
INSTINCT TO ATTACK TO PROTECT THEMSELVES OR THEIR NEST
WHEN THEY FEEL THREATENED.
SNAKE BITES
11. SNAKES
Not all snake is venomous, in fact,
according to World Health Organization
(“Venomous snakes,” 2010) of the 3000
species of snake, only 600 are
venomous.
SNAKE BITES
13. SNAKE BITES
TREATMENT FOR SNAKE BITE
THE ONLY IMPORTANT THING THAT CAN BE HELPFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF
SNAKEBITES IS THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OR
LOOKS OF THE PARTICULAR SNAKE.
15. DROWNING
ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS
Drowning is one of the major causes of
death in the Philippines. According to the
World Conference on Drowning Prevention
(2011) and UNICEF survey in the Philippines
(Sebellino, 2011), drowning causes the
death of eight people every day in the
Philippines and is the fourth leading cause.
DROWNING IN WATER
16. DROWNING
IN WATER
Drowning can occur during outdoor
recreational activities such as
swimming, kayaking, river rafting, and
other activities in water bodies.
SNAKE BITES
17. DROWNING
FIRST AID FOR PEOPLE WHO DROWNED
ASK THE LIFEGUARD’S HELP OR CALL SOMEONE FOR HELP TO TAKE THE PERSON
OUT OF THE WATER.
ALLOW WATER TO UNLOAD FROM THE MOUTH AND NOSE BY TURNING THE VICTIM'S
HEAD TO THE SIDE AND BACK TO THE CENTER ONCE THE WATER IS OUT.
CHECK FOR BREATHING. IF THE PERSON IS NOT BREATHING, CHECK FOR A PULSE
FOR 10 SECONDS. IF THERE IS NO BREATHING AND PULSE, PERFORM CPR AND
CHECK IF THE PERSON HAS STARTED BREATHING.
IF THERE IS NO BREATHING BUT WITH PULSE, PERFORM ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION OR
MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION.
THE NOSE SHOULD BE PINCHED WHILE GIVING TWO RESCUE BREATHS IN THE MOUTH AT A TIME.
AFTER FOUR RESCUE BREATHS TO LET AIR GET PAST ANY WATER CLOGGING IN THE AIR PASSAGE
AND LUNGS, PUT YOUR EARS NEAR THE MOUTH AND CHECK IF THE PERSON HAS STARTED
BREATHING.
18. DROWNING
FIRST AID FOR PEOPLE WHO DROWNED
THIS CYCLE SHOULD BE REPEATED AND PULSE SHOULD BE CHECKED TIME-TO-TIME
UNTIL THE EMERGENCY TEAM ARRIVES FOR HELP.
THE VICTIM SHOULD BE TAKEN TO A HOSPITAL TO CHECK FOR PNEUMONIA AND
INFECTION DUE TO WATER EXPOSURE.
21. LIGHTNING STRIKES
FIRST AID FOR PEOPLE WHO DROWNED
IMMEDIATELY ASK FOR HELP TO GET MEDICAL ATTENTION FROM AN EMERGENCY
UNIT AND THEN WAIT UNTIL THEY ARRIVE.
MOVE THE VICTIM TO SAFETY, SUCH AS A COVERED LOCATION, IF NECESSARY. DO NOT MOVE THE
PATIENT IN CASE OF SUSPECTED FRACTURE DUE TO FALLING OR THROWN OVER A DISTANCE AS IT
MIGHT AGGRAVATE THE INJURY EVEN MORE.
VICTIMS MAY SUFFER HEART ATTACKS DUE TO A LIGHTNING STRIKE. CHECK FOR
BREATHING AND PULSE. IF THERE IS NO BREATHING OR PULSE, DO CPR. IF THE
VICTIM HAS A PULSE BUT NO BREATHING, DO MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION.
THE VICTIM SHOULD BE PROTECTED FROM COLD AND WET CONDITIONS TO PREVENT
THE RISK OF HYPOTHERMIA.
CHECK FOR BURNS. LIGHTNING STRIKES CAN ALSO CAUSE LOSS OF HEARING OR
EYESIGHT, NERVOUS DAMAGE, SHOCK, AND TRAUMA. ADMINISTER FIRST AID TO TREAT
THEM.
23. OUTDOOR FIRST AID
KIT
First aid kits are essential to prevent the
severity of injuries and prevent infection during
a minor or major accident. The kit must provide
the basic materials required while doing the
things you should be doing during an
emergency. Here are the items that can be
included in the outdoor first-aid kit. Make sure
that the bag containing these items is
waterproof.
FIRST AID KIT
