This document summarizes a study on the persistence of the pesticide endosulfan in fodder maize crops and soil. The study observed that about 93-95% of the initial endosulfan deposits disappeared from maize foliage within 15 days of application at two doses. The alpha isomer of endosulfan degraded faster than the beta isomer in both the foliage and soil. Endosulfan sulfate, a toxic metabolite, started appearing 3 days after the first application. The rate of dissipation over time followed first-order reaction kinetics. The calculated half-life of residue disappearance ranged from 3-4 days and the safe waiting period before harvesting was estimated to be 11-14 days.

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Pesticide Research Journal
Year : 2003, Volume : 15, Issue : 2
First page : ( 186) Last page : ( 190)
Print ISSN : 0970-6763. Online ISSN : 2249-524X.
Persistence Behaviour of Endosulfan in
Fodder Maize
Raikwar Mukesh K, Nag Subir K**, Banerjee Tirthankar*, Shah N
K
**Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, 284 003, U.P., India
*Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi,
110 012, India Email: nag@igfri.up.nic.in
Online published on 31 October, 2011.
Abstract
Initial deposition and dissipation of endosulfan residues in maize grown as fodder
crop and in cropped soil was studied at two doses (490 and 980 g a.i. ha−1) and two
sprays for each dose. It was observed that about 93–95% of initial deposits
disappeared from the foliage within 15 days. The a isomer of endosulfan degraded
faster than β isomer in both foliage and soil. The toxic metabolite endosulfan sulfate
started appearing from 3rd d onwards after first application. The rate of dissipation
with time was found to follow first order reaction kinetics. Statistically calculated
half-life of residue disappearance and safe waiting period values ranged from 3–4 d
and 11–14 d, respectively.
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Keywords
Persistence, residues, dissipation, half-life, safe waiting period.
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