This document summarizes several endemic animal species found in Australia, India, Madagascar, and other regions. It describes kangaroos, koalas, echidnas, platypuses, and other iconic Australian animals. It also discusses endangered species in India like the Asiatic lion, sangai deer, and lion-tailed macaque. Several unique species found only in Madagascar are highlighted as well, such as the panther chameleon, satanic leaf-tailed gecko, tomato frogs, and Madagascar hissing cockroaches.

1. Endemic Animals Australia
Australia is home to list of different and unique variety of animals, birds, reptiles and
plants, Among Australia’s best known wild animals are the kangaroo, koala, echidna,
dingo, platypus and wallaby.
Kangaroo
Kangaroos are unofficially Australia’s national animal and describe as the largest
species from his family. The Kangaroos are endemic to Australia and one of the
species of red kangaroo are known as largest surviving marsupial of the world.

2. Koala
Koala is a tree herbivorous animal native to Australia, mostly found in coastal areas
Queensland and Victoria. Koalas are symbol of Australia country but due to habitat
destruction and hunting, the animal is a vulnerable species.

3. Echidna
Echidna are spiny anteaters and one of the egg-laying mammals and one of the
rarest animals in the world. The Echidna has sharp spine like a big porcupine and
one of the surviving members of the monotreme species.

4. Platypus
Platypus is another egg-laying mammal endemic to semiaquatic area of
Australia. The Platypus are combination of duck, beaver and otter,also one of
the known venomous mammals in the world.

5. Wombat
Wombats are native to Australia, mostly found in mountainous areas of south
Australia. Wombats species are protected in Australia and Epping Forest
National Park is one of the best place in the country to spot species of Wombat.

6. Macrotis
Macrotis are one of the endangered animal species in Australia and one of the shortest
among mammals in the world. Greater bilby or Macrotis is the largest of the other
small Macrotis and lesser bilby became extinct from Australia.

7. Wallaby
Wallabies are small kangaroo found in Australia and the smallest member of
kangaroo family. The wallaby are medium sized marsupial and one of the two
species are endangered because of hunting for meat and fur.

8. Tiger Quoll
Tiger Quoll are carnivorous animal,native to mainland Australia and Tasmania. The tiger
quoll are largest and the world’s longest species of marsupial and a living carnivorous.

9. Cane Toad
The cane toads of Australia are also known as giant neotropical toad and has
been introduced in the country. Cane toads are highly toxic in nature and one of
the largest of the frogs and toads found in Australia.

10. Thorny Dragon
Thorny Devil Dragon is the only species of devil lizard found in Australia.
The thorny dragon is a small species of lizard and known for their defenses
against predators.

11. Inland Taipan
Inland Taipan is the world’s most venomous land snake,living in regions of
central east Australia. The inland taipan is an extremely venomous snake based
on its venom and has the most toxic venom of any other reptiles in the world.

12. Tasmanian Devil
Tasmanian Devil are the carnivorous animal found only in the wild forest of
Australian island. The Tasmanian devil are among known for the strongest bite
per unit body mass of any other land predator.

13. Goanna
Australian Goannas are monitor lizards and fourth-largest living lizard found
on earth. The perentie is the largest monitor lizard, mostly found in the desert
areas of Western Australia.

14. Dingo
Dingo is Australia’s wild dog but a separate species from dog found in deserts
and grasslands of Australia. Dingo wild dogs are the largest terrestrial predator
in the country but listed as vulnerable to extinction.

15. Endangered and Endemic species of wild animals found only in India are Asiatic
Lion in Gir Forest National Park,Sangai deer at Keibul Lamjao National Park,
Nilgiri Tahr and Lion Tailed Macaque at Western Ghats of India.
Asiatic Lion also known as the Indian lions are listed as endangered and only
found in and around Gir Forest National Park of Gujarat. Gujarat Lion is one of
five big cats inhabit India others being the Bengal Tiger and Indian Leopards.
Asiatic Lion, Gir Forest
Endemic Animals India

16. Sangai Deer, Loktak Lake
Sangai also called as brow antlered deer is endemic and endangered species of
deer, found only in Keibul Lamjao National Park of Manipur. The Keibul Lamjao
park is a marshy wetland located at the south parts of the Loktak Lake.

17. Lion Tailed Macaque, Western Ghats
Lion Tailed Macaque is India’s endangered primate species and also ranks among
the rarest and most threatened monkey, endemic to the Western Ghats of South
India.

18. Kashmir Stag, Kashmir Valley
Kashmir Stag also known as Hangul is the only species of elk native to India and
found in dense riverine forests of Dachigam National Park, Kashmir Valley of
Jammu & Kashmir and Chamba in Himachal Pradesh.

19. Nilgiri Tahr, Nilgiri Hills
Nilgiri Tahr is a wild sheep species, Endangered and endemic to the Nilgiri Hills of
the Western Ghats. The Nilgiri ibex closely related to the sheep, inhabits the open
montane grassland habitat in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

20. Pygmy Hog, Assam
Pygmy Hog is the critically endangered species of suid and now only found in
Assam. These smallest wild pig or Piglets are the only member of the genus
Porcula.

21. Malabar Civet, Western Ghats
Malabar Large Spotted Civet are largest species of viverrid, endemic to the
Western Ghats of India. Malabar Civet are nocturnal and listed as critically
endangered.

22. Madagascar hosts lemurs, fossas, aye-ayes, and a number of other species found nowhere else in the world.
Comet moth (Argema Mittrei) or Madagascan moon moth is one of the most beautiful moths in the
world found only in Madagascar. They are among the largest in the world with a wing span that
extends to 20 cm coming only second after the Atlas moth of Asia. The insect has bright yellow
color and with a long tail and are nocturnal. The females are broader, and their wings are rounder,
their tail is also shorter than the males. To this day these beautiful animals have no protection
status, and their population status has not been established. The eggs of the moth are collected for
trade in the world markets. There are no known farms for these insects in the country, and their
existences rely on the already protected shelters.
Endemic Animals of Madagascar
10. Comet Moth

23. 9. Panther Chameleon
Panther Chameleon is native to Madagascar and has been introduced to other islands in the
surroundings. It is one of the most colorful with widest color variations of all the chameleons,
they are also larger and the most sought after by reptile keepers and traders. Like other
Chameleons, panther chameleon has a bony extension on the rear part of its head called the
casque. It hunts and traps its pray using its extensile tongue that has specialized muscles that
propels the tongue to snare by use of sticky mucus and vacuum created by the muscles at the
tip of the tongue.

24. 8. Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko
Satanic leaf-tailed gecko (Uroplatus Phantasticus) is a stunning reptile that can disguise itself in its
environment. The body can blend and mimics dead leaves in its habitat so that it cannot be identified by its
predators. The body is twisted with a patterned skin, while the tail looks astonishingly like a leaf nibbled
by insects, all these characteristics help the gecko to blend so well into the surrounding foliage. This
reptilian varies widely in color, but mostly they are brownish with some spots on the underside, which
distinguishes it from other similar species. Like all other geckos U. phantasticus have no eyelid but a
transparent membrane that covers the eyes and use the tongue to wipe away any foreign bodies in their
eyes. Satanic leaf-tailed gecko is nocturnal reptiles having large eyes that are suitable for hunting insects at
night. They also have strong adhesive scales beneath their toes and fingers, and strong claws that enable
their swift movements through the trees. The leaf-tailed geckos live in a particular habitat and not tolerant
of any habitat that is not their natural environment. Because of its color, this gecko is a favorite pet and
among the most traded species. Lately, there has been dropping in their population in the wild, and this
makes it vulnerable to extinction.

25. 7. Tomato Frogs
Tomato frogs are found only in Madagascar, mainly in the northwestern region of the island and are chiefly
terrestrial, living in theforest areas. Due to deforestation, their habitat has been destroyed but seemingly they
adapt well to the cultivated areas, and they are common ingardens and plantations. There are three species of
the tomato frog Dyscophusantongilli, Dyscophus guineti, and Dyscophus insularis. Of the three, D.antogilli
is endangered because of deforestation and its collection as pet animalit is now illegal to trade on this type of
tomato frog. These frogs mate during the rainy season andon shallow and slow moving water. They are
brightly colored and ooze off some white sticky mucus when threatened, though they are not toxic, they are
irritating to the mucous membrane.

26. 6. Madagascar Fody
Is a bird native to Madagascar and have been introduced to other surrounding islands like Comoros,
Seychelles, and Mauritius and recently the species have been spotted as far away as the Arabian Peninsula.
They grow to about five inches (12.5-13.5 cm) and weigh approximately 0.5-0.7 oz (14-19 gm). The male
has a bright redplumage and some black markings around the eyes and olive brown on the wings and the
tail. The plumage varies widely from orange to yellowish and during mating the males undergo molting and
plumage change to olive brown that look like the females. They are abundant on the island are not part of
the endangered species.

27. 5. Madagascar Hissing Cockroaches
Madagascar hissing cockroach is one of a fascinating animal species exclusive to the island,
and they are oval shaped and shiny brown insects without wings, but with a pair of antennae.
The male has horns that give them a stunning appearance and use them on aggressive
encounters more like the mammals. During the conflict, the roaches hiss, and that is where
they got their name. The cockroach that wins the battle hiss more than the loser and the same
hissing is heard during the mating ritual. Unlike most insects which make noise by rubbing
parts of their body parts together or vibrating the membranes, Madagascar cockroach
amazingly uses their breathing holes by exhaling air, a behavior common to vertebrates. The
insect has a life span of between two and five years and grows to between two and three
inches (5-7cm) long.

28. 4. Aye-ayes
Aye-aye is a nocturnal primate living primarily on trees. Their big toes and long tails allow
them to hang comfortably on the tree while they use their echolocation to find food such as
insects. Aye-ayes also have sensitive big ears and eyes that help them to locate food. Because
of their bizarre appearance, they have been considered as a bad omen by the locals in
Madagascar. They are also considered endangered species in the country.

29. 3. Madagascar Long-Eared Owl
Also called Madagascar owl is found on the islands of Madagascar. It is about 50
centimeters long making it the largest Owl in the island. The females are usually
bigger than the males. Madagascar Long-Eared Owl is characterized by a brownish
crown and nap on the upper part while the underneath has a black streaking. It also
has a brown facial disc and dark brown ear tuff. Madagascar Owl is mostly nocturnal
but mainly broods during the day.

30. 2. Lowland Streaked Tenrec
Lowland Streaked Tenrec is found in the lowland tropical rainforest of the northern and Eastern
Madagascar. Lowland Streaked Tenrec has a long pointed snout, vestigial tail, and limbs. Its
pelage is black with yellow stripes and bright beneath and scattered quills on its body. Lowland
Streaked Tenrec is active both during the day and night and feeds primarily on insects. The long
snout is mainly for poking around the ground when searching for insects. They can also feed on
worms, small fishes, and even frogs. Tenrecs primarily breed in October and December
depending on the availability of food. Their gestation period is 58 days, and the female can give
birth to up to eight young.

31. 1. Painted Mantella
Scientifically known as Mantella madagascariensis, Painted Mantella is an attractive frog with
green, black, yellow or orange color. The species which is grouped under common frogs is
found only in East and Central Madagascar. They inhabit rainforest bordering the fresh water
streams. Painted mantilla can tolerate moderate temperature between 75 to 81 degrees F during
the day and slightly lower during the night. Painted Mantella is a carnivore feeding mainly on
insects. The frogs are active during the day and mostly establish small territories. The bright
color on the body makes it more toxic and acts as a warning for any predator in the
surrounding.